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Introduction
These notes are intended to give some historic background to Embryology. Historically, say pre-20th century, Embryology was not easily separated from Medicine, Anatomy and Physiology and other biological sciences.
This page also links to full versions of some of these historic embryology papers.
Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages |
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Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers) |
Embryologists: William Hunter | Wilhelm Roux | Caspar Wolff | Wilhelm His | Oscar Hertwig | Julius Kollmann | Hans Spemann | Francis Balfour | Charles Minot | Ambrosius Hubrecht | Charles Bardeen | Franz Keibel | Franklin Mall | Florence Sabin | George Streeter | George Corner | James Hill | Jan Florian | Thomas Bryce | Thomas Morgan | Ernest Frazer | Francisco Orts-Llorca | José Doménech Mateu | Frederic Lewis | Arthur Meyer | Robert Meyer | Erich Blechschmidt | Klaus Hinrichsen | Hideo Nishimura | Arthur Hertig | John Rock | Viktor Hamburger | Mary Lyon | Nicole Le Douarin | Robert Winston | Fabiola Müller | Ronan O'Rahilly | Robert Edwards | John Gurdon | Shinya Yamanaka | Embryology History | Category:People | ||
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Students by definition are learning about a topic, so it would seem contrary to the function of an educational site to include information that may be either incorrect or inaccurate. On the other hand, I think it is also important to understand how we achieved our current understanding of embryology and the researchers, discoverers and educators who have made important contributions.
I therefore offer the following student study suggestions: Beginner | Intermediate | Advanced |
Beginner students
- You are just starting your studies and trying to understand basic embryology and development concepts.
Should probably avoid any content on the site labeled "Historic". The content may confuse or mislead your understanding of basic concepts in embryology and development. Begin with the notes pages linked from the image on the Main Page, or from the Site Map (excluding the history section of site).
Also be careful when viewing images and descriptions that appear as "additional images" or when using the "category" links at the bottom of pages.
Intermediate students
- You have a general understanding of embryology and development concepts.
This means you have attended some lectures and practical classes, worked through some of the site notes pages, or studied an embryology textbook. I would still suggest caution when approaching historic material, be sure that you understand the current embryology theories. General observations of how long development takes and the appearance of the human and animal models embryos at different times will not have changed!
Historic images are generally more accurate than some of the accompanying notes pages where the images appear. Some of the labeled structures may have historic names that have been updated or changed in current descriptions, if in doubt use the Glossary. You may also note how many of the textbook images have been based upon some of these historic drawing.
Advanced students
- You have a good understanding of embryology and development concepts.
This means that you not only understand, but can also explain clearly to others key developmental concepts. This also implies you understand the differences between recent findings, current controversies and research directions. Now is the time to confidently look back through the historic materials.
These historic materials will provide a context of how we arrived at our current understanding. Importantly, note the date on the page and consider what scientific techniques were available at that time and concurrent discoveries in biology and science.
How will I know that I am an advanced student? You should be able to identify concepts that remain and are applied today as well as those which have been updated or proved to be incorrect. Please also feel free to contact me with mistakes you have identified on this educational site.
- Historic Paper Links: 13-14 Somites | 22 Somites | 23 Somites | 25 Somites | 27 Somites | Mall Human Embryo Collection | Embryology History | Carnegie stage 11 | Carnegie stage 12 | Journal of Anatomy | Embryonic Development | Category:Historic Embryology
Embryology History: 1600-1699 | 1700-1799 | 1800-1899 | 1900-1909 | 1910-1919 | 1920-1929 | 1930-1939 | 1940-1949 | 1950-1959 | 1960-1969 | 1970-1979 | 1980-1989 | 1990-1999 | Historic Papers | Embryologists |
1800's
- 1866 - Down JLH. Observations on an ethnic classification of idiots. (1866) London Hospital Reports, 3:259-262.[1]
- 1877 - Braune W. An atlas of topographical anatomy after plane sections of frozen bodies. (1877) Trans. by Edward Bellamy. Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakiston.
- 1879 - Marshall AM. The morphology of the vertebrate olfactory organ. (1879) Quarterly Journal of Microscopic Science. 19: 300–340.
- 1880 - His W. Anatomie Menschliche Embryonen I - Embryonen des ersten monats (Anatomy of human embryos - Embryos of the first month). (1880) Leipzig.
- 1882 - His W. Anatomie Menschliche Embryonen II - Gestalt und grossentwicklung bis zum schluss des 2 monats (Anatomy of human embryos - Shape and general development to the closing of the 2nd month). (1882) Leipzig.
- 1883 - Michael Foster - The History of the Chick
- 1883 - Minot CS. Origin of mesoderm. (1883) Science 2(47);815-8 . PMID 17776824
- 1884 - Minot CS. Development of the thyroid and thymus glands and the tongue. (1884) Science 3(71);725-6. PMID 17806512
- 1887 - Caldwell WH. The Embryology of Monotremata and Marsupialia Part I. (1887) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc 178 B.
- 1889 - Minot CS. Uterus And Embryo - I. Rabbit II. Man. (1889) J Morphol. 2:
- 1891 - Mall FP. A human embryo twenty-six days old. (1891) J Morphol. 5: 459-480.
- 1892 - Hertwig O. Text-book of the embryology of man and mammals. (1892) Translated 1901 by Mark EL. from 3rd German Edition. S. Sonnenschein, London.
- 1894 - Merkel F. Human embryos of different ages examined in median sections - A contribution to the mechanics of development. (1894) Dieterichsche Verlags-Buchhandlung, Gðttingen, Germany.
- 1897 - His W. Address upon the development of the brain. (1897) Trans. Royal Acad. Medicine Ireland.
- 1898 - Minot CS. The veins of the Wolffian body in the pig. (1898) Proc. Bost. Soc. of Nat. Hist, 28: 265-274.
- Mall FP. Development of the ventral abdominal walls in man. (1898) Jour. Morph. 14: 347-366.
1899
- Buxton BH. Photographs of a series of sections of an early human embryo. (1899) J Anat Physiol. 33(3): 381-384 PMID 17232381
- Johnson RH. Pads on the palm and sole of the human foetus. (1899) Amer. Naturalist. 33: 729-734
- Mall FP. Supplementary note on the development of the human intestine. (1899) Anat. Anz. 16: 492-495.
- Links: Category:1800's
1900's
- 1900 - Minot CS. The study of mammalian embryology. (1900) The American Naturalist, 34(408): 913-941.
- 1901 - Bardeen CR. and Lewis WH. The development of the limbs, body-wall and back. (1901) Amer. J Anat. 1: 1-36.
- Template:Ref-Mall1901
1902
- Sudler MT. The development of the nose and of the pharynx and its derivatives in man. (1902) Amer. J Anat. 1:391–416.
- Lewis WH. The development of the arm in man. (1902) Amer. J Anat. 1(2): 145-184.
- Lewis FT. The development of the vena cava inferior. (1902) Amer. J Anat. 1(3): 229-244.
1903
- Pearce RM. The development of the islands of Langerhans in the human embryo. (1903) Amer. J Anat. : 446-455.
1904
- Allen BM. The embryonic development of the ovary and testis of the mammals. (1904) J. Anat. 3(2): 89-154.
- Bardeen CR. Numerical vertebral variation in the human adult and embryo. (1904) Anat. Anz. 25:497-519.
- Gilman PR. and Baetjer FH. Some effects of the Röntgen rays on the development of embryos. (1904) Amer. Jour. Physiol. 10: 222-224.
- Hardesty I. On the development and nature of the neuroglia. (1904) Amer. J Anat. 3.
- Hardesty I. On the occurrence of sheath cells and the nature of the axone sheaths in the central nervous system. (1904) Amer. J Anat. 4.
- Mall FP. Hosp. Bull., XIV, 1903. Catalogue of the collection of human embryos in the Anatomical Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins University. Johns Hopkins Hopkins University. Baltimore, 1904.
- Mall FP. On the development of the blood-vessels of the brain in the human embryo. (1904) Amer. J Anat. 4:1-18.
- Mall FP. Development of the thymus gland. (1904) Ref. Handb. Med. Sci., 2d ed., 6: 568-570.
- Mall FP. Development of the thyroid. (1904) Ref. Handb. Med. Sci., 2d ed., 6: 570-574.
- Meyer AW. On the structure of the human umbilical vesicle. (1904) J. Anat. 3(2):155-166.
- Minot CS. Implantation of the human ovum in the uterus. (1904) Trans. Am. Gynec. Soc., Philadelphia, 29: 395-402.
- Whitehead RH. The embryonic development of the interstitial cells of Leydig. (1904) Amer. J Anat. 3:167-182.
- Wilder HH. Duplicate twins and double monsters. (1904) Amer. J Anat., 3: 387-472.
1905
- Bardeen CR. Studies of the development of the human skeleton. (1905) Amer. J Anat. 4:265-302.
- Bardeen CR. Development of the thoracic vertebrae in man. (1905) Amer. J Anat. 4: 163-174.
- Conklin EG. The Organization and Cell-Lineage of the Ascidian Egg (1905) J. Acad., Nat. Sci. Phila. 13, 1.
- Mall FP. On the development of the blood-vessels of the brain in the human embryo. (1905) Amer. J Anat. 4(1): 1–18.
- Minot CS. The Harvard embryological collection. (1905) J Med Res. Aug;13(5):499-522.PMID 19971684 | PDF
- Streeter GL. The development of the cranial and spinal nerves in the occipital region of the human embryo. (1905) Amer. J Anat. 4(1):83–116.
1906
- Bardeen CR. Development and variation of the nerves and the musculature of the inferior extremity and of the neighboring regions of the trunk in man. (1906) Amer. J Anat. 6:259–390.
- Bonnet E. and Severs R. On the structure of a human embryo eleven millimeters in length. (1906) Anat. Anz., 29: 452-459.
- Bremer JL. Description of a 4-mm human embryo. (1906) Amer. J Anat. 5: 459-480.
- Brown EJ. The embryology anatomy and histology of the eye. (1906) Chicago: Hazlitt & Walker.
- Fawcett E. On the development, ossification, and growth of the palate bone of man. (1906) J Anat Physiol., 40(4);400-6. PMID 17232695 | PMC1287457
- Flint JM. The development of the lungs. (1906) Amer. J Anat. 6: 1-137.
- Gray AA. Observations on the labyrinth of certain animals. (1906) Proc. Royal Society of London. Series B. 78(525):284–296.
- Jackson CM. On the prenatal growth of the human body and the relative growth of the various organs and parts. (1909) Amer. J Anat., 9(3): .
- Mall FP. On ossification centers in human embryos less than one hundred days old. (1906) Amer. J Anat. 5:433-458.
- Mall FP. A study of the structural unit of the liver. (1906) Amer. J Anat. 5:227-308.
- Streeter GL. On the development of the membranous labyrinth and the acoustic and facial nerves in the human embryo. (1906) Amer. J Anat. 6:139-165.
1907
- Bardeen CR. Development and variation of the nerves and the musculature of the inferior extremity and of the neighboring regions of the trunk in man. (1907) Amer. J Anat. 6: 259-386.
- Leopold G. A Very Young Ovum In Situ (1907) translated by Vogt WH. CV Mosby and Co. St Louis.
- Thompson P. Description of a human embryo of twenty-three paired somites. (1907) J Anat Physiol, 41(3):159-71. PMID 17232726
- Streeter GL. The cortex of the brain in the human embryo during the fourth month with special reference to the so-called Papilla of Retzius (1907) Amer. J Anat.
1908
- Bardeen CR. Vertebral regional determination in young human embryos. (1908) Amer. J Anat. 2: 99 - 105.
- Bryce TH. and Teacher JH. Contributions To The Study Of The Early Development And Imbedding Of The Human Ovum 1. An Early Ovum Imbedded In The Decidua. (1908) James Maclehose and Sons. Glasgow.
- Bryce TH Teacher JH and Munro Kerr JM. Contributions To The Study Of The Early Development And Imbedding Of The Human Ovum 2. An Early Ovarian Pregnancy. (1908) James Maclehose and Sons. Glasgow.
- Fox H. The pharyngeal pouches and their derivatives in the mammalia. (1908) Amer. J Anat. 8(3): 187-250.
- Herring PT. The histological appearances of the mammalian pituitary body. (1908) Quar. Jour. Ex. Physiol. 1: 121-159.
- Herring PT. The development of the mammalian pituitary and its morphological significance. (1908) Quar. Jour. Ex. Physiol. 1: 161-185.
- Ingalls NW. A contribution to the embryology of the liver and vascular system in man. (1908) Anat. Rec. 2: 338–344.
- Low A. Description of a human embryo of 13-14 mesodermic somites. (1908) J Anat Physiol. 42(3): 237-51. PMID 17232769 | PMC1289161
- Mall FP. Normal plates of the development of vertebrates. Anat. Rec, (1908).
- Taussig FJ. The development of the hymen. (1908) Amer. J Anat. 8: 89-108.
- Thompson P. A note on the development of the septum transversum and the liver. (1908) J Anat Physiol. 42(2): 170-5. PMID 17232762
- Thyng FW. Models of the pancreas in embryos of the pig, rabbit, cat, and man. (1908) Amer. J Anat. 7(4): 489–503.
- Streeter GL. The peripheral nervous system in the human embryo at the end of the first month (10 mm) (1908) Amer. J Anat. 8(1): 285–302.
- Streeter GL. The nuclei of origin of the cranial nerves in the 10 mm human embryo. (1908) Amer. J Anat. 2:111 - 115.
- Williams LW. The later development of the notochord in mammals. (1908) J. Anat. 8:251-284.
- Taussig FJ. The development of the hymen. (1908) Amer. J Anat. 8: 89-108.
1909
- Evans HM. On the development of the aortae, cardinal and umbilical veins, and the other blood vessels of vertebrate embryos from capillaries. (1909) Anat. Rec. 3: 498-518.
- Herzog MA. A contribution to our knowledge of the earliest known stages of placentation and embryonic development in man. (1909) Amer. J Anat., 9(3): 361-400.
- Jackson CM. On the prenatal growth of the human body and the relative growth of the various organs and parts. (1909) Amer. J Anat., 9(3): .
- Johnston JB. The morphology of the forebrain vesicle in vertebrates. (1909) J. Comp. Neurol. and Psychol. 19: 457-539.
- Lewis FT. On the cervical veins and lymphatics in four human embryos, with an interpretation of anomalies on the subclavian and jugular veins in the adult. (1909)
- Low A. Further observations on the ossification of the human lower jaw. (1909) J Anat Physiol. 44(1): 83–95. PMID 17232830
- Sabin FR. The lymphatic system in human embryos, with a consideration of the morphology of the system as a whole. (1909) Amer. J Anat. 9(1): 43–91.
- Links: Category:1900's
1910's
1910
- Bardeen CR. XI. Development of the Skeleton and of the Connective Tissues in Keibel F. and Mall FP. Manual of Human Embryology I. (1910) J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.
- Dandy WE. A human embryo with seven pairs of somites measuring about 2 mm in length. (1910) Amer. J Anat. 10: 85-109.
- Fawcett E. Description of a reconstruction of the head of a thirty-millimetre embryo. (1910) J Anat. Physiol. 44(4): 303-11.
- Fawcett E. Notes on the development of the human sphenoid. (1910) J Anat. Physiol. 44(3): 207-22. PMID 17232842
- Frazer JE. Development of the larynx. (1910) J Anat. 44: 156-191. PMID 17232839
- Johnson FP. The development of the mucous membrane of the oesophagus, stomach and small intestine in the human embryo. (1910) Amer. J Anat., 10: 521-559.
- Keibel F. and Mall FP. Manual of Human Embryology I. (1910) J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.
- Kuntz A. The development of the sympathetic nervous system in mammals. (1910) J. Comp. Neurol. 20(3): 211-258.
- Mall FP. A list of normal human embryos which have been cut into serial sections. (1910) Anat. Rec. 4(10): 355-367.
- Schaeffer JP. The sinus maxillaris and its relations in the embryo, child, and adult man. (1910) 10 2): 314-.
- Schaeffer JP. The lateral wall of the cavum nasi in man, with especial reference to the various developmental stages. (1910) J Morphol. 21: 613-708.
- Stockard CR. The influence of alcohol and other anaesthetics on embryonic development. (1910) Amer. J Anat. 10(3): 370- .
1911
- Frazer JE. Pharyngeal end of Rathke's pouch. (1911) J Anat. 45: 190-196. PMID 17232879
- Lisser H. Studies on the development of the human larynx. (1911) Amer. J Anat. 12: 27-66.
- Lowrey LG. Prenatal growth of the pig (1911) Amer. J Anat. 12(2): 107-138.
- Mall FP. Report upon the collection of human embryos at the Johns Hopkins University. (1911) Anat. Rec. 5(7): 343–357.
- Pohlman AG. The development of the cloaca in human embryos. (1911) Amer. J Anat. 12: 1-26.
- Sabin FR. Description of a model showing the tracts of fibres medullated in a new-born baby’s brain. (1911) Amer. J Anat. 11(2): 114- .
- Whitehead RH. and Waddell JA. The early development of the mammalian sternum (1911) Amer. J Anat. 12: 89-106.
1912
- Keibel F. and Mall FP. Manual of Human Embryology II. (1912) J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.
- Lowsley OS. The development of the human prostate gland with reference to the development of other structures at the neck of the urinary bladder. (1912) Amer. J Anat. 13(3): 299-346.
- Mall FP. On the development of the human heart. (1912) Amer. J Anat. 13: 249-298.
- Mellus EL. The development of the cerebral cortex. (1912) Amer. J Anat. 14: 107-118.
- Reagan F. The fifth aortic arch of mammalian embryos; the nature of the last pharyngeal evagination. (1912) Amer. J Anat. 12(4): 493-505.
- Schaeffer JP. The genesis and development of the nasolacrimal passages in man. (1912) Amer. J Anat. 13(1): 1-18.
1913
- Prentiss CW. On the development of the membrana tectoria with reference to its structure and attachments. (1913) Amer. J Anat. 14(4): 425-461.
- Template:Ref-Reid1913
- Wallin IE. A human embryo of thirteen somites. (1913) Amer. J Anat. 15(3): 319-331.
1914
- Amin M. The course of the phrenic nerve in the embryo. (1914) J Anat Physiol. 48(2): 215-8. PMID 17232992
- Bardeen CR. The critical period in the development of the intestines. (1914) Amer. J Anat. 16: 427 – 445.
- Barniville HL. The morphology and histology of a human embryo of 8.5 mm. (1914) J Anat. Physiol. 49(1):1-71. PMID 17233012
- Blaisdell FE. Measurements on a human embryo 30 mm long. (1914) J Anat Physiol., 48(2): 182-209. PMID 17232990
- Bremer JL. The earliest blood-vessels in man. (1914) Amer. J Anat. 16(4): 447-475.
- Dickie JK. The anatomy of the head end of a 20 mm human embryo. (1914) J Anat Physiol., 48(4): 445-60. PMID 17233010
- Edgeworth FH. On the development and morphology of the mandibular and hyoid muscles of mammals. (1914) Quarterly J. of Microscopical Science 573-645.
- Frazer JE. The second visceral arch and groove in the tubo-tympanic region. (1914) J Anat Physiol. 48(4): 391-408. PMID 17233005
- Johnson FP. The development of the rectum in the human embryo. (1914) Amer. J Anat. 16(1): 1-58.
- Macklin CC. The skull of a human fetus of 40 mm 1. (1914) Amer. J Anat. 16(3): 317-386.
- Macklin CC. The skull of a human fetus of 40 mm 2. (1914) Amer. J Anat. 16(3): 387-426.
- Mall FP. On stages in the development of human embryos from 2 to 25 mm long. (1914) Anat. Anz., 46: 78-84.
- Thyng FW. The anatomy of a 17.8 mm human embryo. (1914) Amer. J Anat. 17: 31-112.
- Waterston D. A very young human embryo found embedded in a "decidual cast" of the uterus. (1914) Proc R Soc Med., 7: 353-7. PMID 19978039
- Waterston D. A human embryo of twenty-seven pairs of somites, embedded in decidua. (1914) J Anat Physiol., 49(1): 90-118 PMID 17233016
- Wichmann SE. On the origin and phylogenetic significance of the female genital passages. (1914) J Obstet. and Gynaecol. 190 - 206.
- Wilson JT. Observations upon young human embryos. (1914) J Anat Physiol., 48(3): 315-51 PMID 17233002 PMC1288949
1915
- Bremer JL. The origin of the renal artery in mammals and its anomalies. (1915) Amer. J Anat. 179-198.
- Eggerth AH. On the anlage of the bulbo-urethral (Cowper’s) and major vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands in the human embryo. (1915) Anat. Rec. 9(2): 191-206.
- Frazer JE. and Robbins RH. On the factors concerned in causing rotation of the intestine in man. (1915) J Anat. 50(1): 75-110. PMID 17233053
- Template:Ref-Kingsbury1915
- Streeter GL. The development of the venous sinuses of the dura mater in the human embryo. (1915) Amer. J Anat.18: 145-178.
- Waterston D. Developmental changes in the pericardium, the mesocardia, and the pleural sacs in the human embryo. (1915) J Anat Physiol., 50(1): 24-9. PMID 17233049
- Watt JC. Description of two young twin embryos with 17-19 paired somites. (1915) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 2: 15-54.
1916
- Cameron J. and Gladstone RJ. The structure of the blastoderm, and the continuity of the cell-elements during the early stages of development. (1916) J Anat. Physiol. 50(3): 207-27. PubMed 17233062
- Cunningham RS. On the development of the lymphatics of the lungs in the embryo pig. (1916) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 7:45-68.
- Frazer JE. The formation of the pars membranacea septi. (1916) J Anat. 51(1): 19-29. PMID 17103800
- Mall FP. The human magma reticule in normal and in pathological development. (1916) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 224, 4:5-26.
- Norris EH. The morphogenesis of the follicles in the human thyroid gland. (1916) Amer. J Anat. 20(3):411- .
- Watt HJ. The typical form of the cochlea and its variations. (1917) Proc. Royal Society London B 89: 410-421.
- Weed LH. The formation of the cranial subarachnoid spaces. (1916) Anat. Rec. 10(7): 475 - 481.
1917
- Evans HM. and Bartelmez GW. A human embryo of seven to eight somites. (1917) Anat. Rec. 11: 355.
- Lewis FT. A comparison of the Herzog and Strahl-Beneke embryos. (1917) Anat. Rec, 11: 386.
- Mall FP. On the frequency of localized anomalies in human embryos and infants at birth. (1917) Amer. J Anat. 22:49-72.
- Papez JW. and Lewis FT. On the position of the vitelline arteries in human embryos. (1917) Anat. Rec, 11: 392-394.
- Streeter GL. The development of the scala tympani, scala vestibuli and perioticular cistern in the human embryo. (1917) Amer. J Anat. 21: 300-320.
- Streeter GL. The factors involved in the excavation of the cavities in the cartilaginous capsule of the ear in the human embryo. (1917) Amer. J Anat. 22: 1–25.
- Streeter GL. Histogenesis of the otic capsule. (1917) Anat. Rec. 11: 417-418.
- Warren J. On the pineal region in human embryos. (1917) Anat. Rec, 11: 428-429.
- Waterston D. The development of the heart in man. (1917) Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., 7(2): 258-302.
- Watt JC. Anatomy of a seven months’ foetus exhibiting bilateral absence of the ulna accompanied by monodactyly (and also diaphragmatic hernia). (1917) Amer. J Anat. 22(3): 385-437.
- Weed LH. The development of the cerebro-spinal spaces in pig and in man. (1917) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash., 5, No. 14 .
1918
- Atwell WJ. The development of the hypophysis cerebri of the rabbit (Lepus Cuniculus L.). (1918) Amer. J Anat. 24(2): 271-337
- Gray H. Anatomy of the human body. (1918) Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.
- Ingalls NW. A human embryo before the appearance of the myotomes. (1918) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. No.23 Publ. 227, 7:111-134.
- Jordan HE. A study of a 7 mm human embryo; with special reference to its peculiar spirally twisted form, and its large aortic cell-clusters (1918) Anat. Rec. 14(7): 479–492.
- Mall FP. On the age of human embryos. (1918) Amer. J Anat. 23: 397-422.
- Template:Ref-Mall1918a
- Streeter GL. The histogenesis and growth of the otic capsule and its contained periotic tissue-spaces in the human embryo. (1918) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 8: 5-54.
- van der Stricht O. The genesis and structure of the membrana tectoria and the crista spiralis of the cochlea. (1918) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash., 21: 55-86.
- Watson EM. The development of the seminal vesicles in man. (1918) Amer. J Anat. 24(4): 395 - 439.
- Wheeler T. Study of a human spina bifida monster with encephaloceles and other abnormalities. (1918) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash., 22: .
1919
- Senior HD. The development of the arteries of the human lower extremity. (1919) Amer. J Anat. 22:1-11.
- Streeter GL. Factors involved in the formation of the filum terminale. (1919) Amer. J Anat. 22(1): 1-11.
- Template:Ref-Thomson1919
- Links: Category:1910's
1920's
1920
- Corner GW. A case of true lateral hermaphroditism in a pig with functional ovary. (1920) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. , : 137-142.
- Davis CL. The relations of the somites of the head to the brain in a human embryo of 20 paired somites. (1920) Anat. Rec, 20: p. 232.
- Hanson FB. The history of the earliest stages in the human clavicle. (1920) Anat. Rec. 19(6): 309-326.
- Ingalls NW. A human embryo at the beginning of segmentation, with special reference to the vascular system. (1920) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 274, 11: 61-90.
- Ingalls NW. Symmetrical, segmental thickenings in the dorsal ectoderm of human embryos. (1920) Amer. J Anat. 44(3): 454-473.
- Kingsbury BF. The extent of the floor-plate of His and its significance. (1920) J Comp. Neurol. 32(1): 113–135.
- Kunitomo K. The development and reduction of the tail and of the caudal end of the spinal cord (1920) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 272, 9: 163-198.
- Kuntz A. The development of the sympathetic nervous system in man. (1920) J. Comp. Neurol. 32(2): 173-229.
- Lewis WH. The cartilaginous skull of a human embryo twenty-one millimeters in length. (1920) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 272, 9: 299-324.
- Lineback PE. Studies on the longitudinal muscle of the human colon, with special reference to the development of the taeniae. (1920) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 50
- Meyer AW. Hydatiform degeneration in tubal and uterine pregnancy. (1920) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ., Contrib. Embryol., 40: 327- 364.
- Patten BM. The Early Embryology of the Chick. (1920) Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son and Co.
- Retzer R. The sino-ventricular bundle: A functional interpretation of morphological findings. (1920) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 9:143–156.
- Senior HD. The development of the human femoral artery, a correction. (1920) Amer. J Anat..
- Streeter GL. Weight, sitting height, head size, foot length, and menstrual age of the human embryo. (1920) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. , : 143-170.
- Streeter GL. A human embryo (Mateer) of the pre-somite period. (1920) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 272, 9: 389-424.
- Turner CL. A wax model of a presomite human embryo (1920) Anat. Rec. 19: 372-412.
- Wieman HL. Observations in connection with the early development of the human suprarenal gland. (1920) Anat. Rec. 19: 269-280.
1921
- Bailey FR. and Miller AM. Text-Book of Embryology (1921) New York: William Wood and Co.
- Frazer JE. Report on an anencephalic embryo. (1921) J Anat. 56(1): 12-9. PMID 17103933
- Fujimura G. Cytological studies on the internal secretory functions in the human placenta and decidua. (1921) J Morphol. 35(3): 486-576.
- Jenkins GB. Relative weight and volume of the component parts of the brain of the human embryo at different stages of development. (1921) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash., 59: 5-54.
- Macklin CC. Preliminary note on the skull of a human fetus of 43 mm greatest length. (1921) Anat. Rec. 22(4): 251-265.
- Macklin CC. the skull of a human fetus of 43 millimeters greatest length. (1921) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ., 48, 10:59-102.
- Mall FP. and Meyer AW. Studies on abortuses: a survey of pathologic ova in the Carnegie Embryological Collection. (1921) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 275, 12: 1-364.
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- Spaulding MH. The development of the external genitalia in the human embryo. (1921) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 81, 13: 69 – 88.
- Streeter GL. The developmental alterations in the vascular system of the brain of the human embryo. (1921) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 8:7-38.
- Thiel GA. and Downey H. The development of the mammalian spleen, with special reference to its hematopoietic activity. (1921) Amer. J Anat. 28(2): 279 - 339.
1922
- Bagg HJ. Disturbances in mammalian development produced by radium emanation. (1922) Amer. J Anat. 30(1): 134-161.
- Bartelmez GW. The origin of the otic and optic primordia in man. (1922) J. Comp. Neural., 34: 201-232.
- Frazer JE. The early formations of the middle ear and eustachian tube - a criticism. (1922) J Anat. 57(1): 18-30. PMID 17103958
- Hines M. Studies in the growth and differentiation of the telencephalon in man - the fissura hippocampi. (1922) J. Comp. Neural. 3(1): 73-171.
- Kingsbury BF. The fundamental plan of the vertebrate brain. (1922) J. Comp. Neural. 461-490.
- Noback GL. Simple methods of correlating crown-rump and crown-heel lengths of the human fetus. (1922) Anat. Rec. 22(4): 241-244.
1923
- Bartelmez GW. The subdivisions of the neural folds in man. (1923) J. Comp. Neural., 35: 231-247.
- Finley EB. The development of the subcutaneous vascular plexus in the head of the human embryo. (1923) Contributions to Embryology Carnegie Institution No. 71: 155-161.
- Schultz AH. Fetal growth in man. (1923) Amer. J of Physical Anthropology 6(4): 389-
- Strachan GI. The development and structure of the human placenta. (1923) J Obstet. and Gynaecol. (1923)
- Thompson P. and Brash JC. A human embryo with head-process and commencing arch enteric canal. (1923) J Anat. 58: 1-20. PMID 17103992
1924
- Gladstone RJ. and Wakeley CPG. The relative frequency of the various positions of the vermiform appendix - As ascertained by an analysis of 3000 cases: with an account of its development. (1924) Brit. J. of Surgery. 11(43):
- Smith C. The origin and development of the carotid body. (1924) Amer. J Anat. 34(1): 87-131.
- Solomons B. and Bronte Gatenby JW. Notes on the formation, structure and physiology of the corpus luteum of man, the pig, and the duck-billed platypus. (1924) BJOG : .
1925
- McClure CFW. and Butler EG. The development of the vena cava inferior in man. (1925) Amer. J Anat. 35(3): 331-383.
1926
- Atwell WJ. The development of the hypophysis cerebri in man, with special reference to the pars tuberalis. (1926) Amer. J Anat. 37: 139-193.
- Girgis A. Description of a human embryo of twenty-two paired somites. (1926) J Anat. 60(4): 382-410.1. PMID 17104111
- Frazer JE. The disappearance of the precervical sinus. (1926) J Anat. 61(1): 132-43. PMID 17104123.
1927
- Potter JC. Human monochorial twin embryos In separate amnions. (1927) Anat. Rec. 34: 253-257.
- Davis CL. Development of the human heart from its earliest appearance to the stage found in embryos of twenty paired somites. (1927) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ 380. 19: 245-284.
- Fleming AM. The internal genital organs of a female foetus of 15 cm length. (1927) J Anat. 61: 232–246. PubMed 17232868
- Greenville JP. A young human ovum in situ. (1927) Amer. J Anat., 40: 315-354.
- Shaw W. Ovulation in the human ovary - Its mechanism and anomalies. J Obstet. and Gynaecol. (1927) 34(3):
1928
- Frazer JE. Development of the region of the isthmus rhombencephali. (1928) J Anat. 63: 7-18. PMID 17104212
- Goldby F. On the presence of a series of ectodermal placodes in the head region of a sparrow embryo. (1928) J Anat. 62(2):135-8. PMID 17104178
- Wen IC. The anatomy of human embryos with seventeen to twenty-three pairs of somites (1928) J. Comp. Neural., 45: 301-376.
1929
- Hartman CG. How Large is the Mammalian Egg?: A Review. (1929) Quart. Rev. Biol., 4(3): 373-388.
- Landacre FL. and Amstutz MM. Data on the number of somites compared with age in the white rat. (1929) Ohio J. Science. 29(6): 253-259.
- Weinberg E. A note on the origin and histogenesis of the mesonephric duct in mammals. (1929) Anat. Rec.
- Links: Category:1920's
1930's
1930
- Altschule MD. The changes in the mesonephric tubules of human embryos ten to twelve weeks old. (1930) Anat. Rec. 46(1): 81-91.
- Begg RC. The urachus - its anatomy, histology and development (1930)
- Heuser CH. A human embryo with 14 pairs of somites. (1930) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 414, Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 22:135-153.
- Odgers PN. Some observations on the development of the ventral pancreas in man. (1930) J. Anat., 65(1): 1-7. PMID 17104298
- Florian J. The formation of the connecting stalk and the extension of the amniotic cavity towards the tissue of the connecting stalk in young human embryos. (1930) J. Anat., 64: 454-476.
1931
- Hill JP. and Florian J. The development of head-process and prochordal plate in man (1931) J Anat. 65(2): 242-6. PMID 17104317
- Hill JP. and Florian J. A young human embryo (embryo dobbin) with head-process and prochordal plate. (1931) Phil. Tran. Roy. Soc. London B, 219: 443-486.
- Hill JP. and Florian J. Further note on the pro-chordal plate in man. (1931) J. Anat., 46: 46-47. PMID 17104356
- Foley JD. The cytological processes involved in the formation of the scalae of the internal ear. (1931) Anat. Rec. 49(1): 1-
1932
- Cooper ERA. The human pineal gland and pineal cysts. (1932)
- Falkiner NM. A description of a human ovum fifteen days old with special reference to the vascular arrangements and to the morphology of the trophoblast. (1932) J. Obst. Gynaecol. 39(3): 471-506.
- Heuser CH. An intrachorionic mesothelial membrane in young stages of the monkey (Macacus rhesus). (1932) Anat. Rec, 52, Suppl., 15-16.
- Heuser CH. A presomite human embryo with a definite chorda canal. (1932) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 433, Contrib. Embryol., 23, 251-267.
- Kingsbury BF. The developmental significance of the mammalian pharyngeal tonsil - Cat. (1932) Amer. J Anat. 50(2): 201-231.
- Halpert B. and Lee H. The gall bladder and the extrahepatic biliary passages in late embryonic and early fetal life. (1932) Anat. Rec. 54(1): 29-42.
- Ruth EB. A study of the development of the mammalian pelvis. (1932) Anat. Rec. 53(2): 208 -
- Simkins CS. Development of the human ovary from birth to sexual maturity. (1932) Amer. J Anat. 51(2): 465-505.
1933
- Anson BJ. The distal projection of the endolymphatic sac in human embryos. (1933) Anat. Rec. 701. 57, 110. 1, pp. 55-58.
- Florian J. The early development of man, with special reference to the development of the mesoderm and cloacal membrane. (1933) J. Anat., 67(2): 263-76. PMID 17104422
- Kindred JE. A human embryo of the pre-somite period from the uterine tube. (1933) Amer. J Anat. 53: 221-241.
- Papanicolaou GN. The sexual cycle in the human female as revealed by vaginal smears. (1933) Amer. J Anat. 52: 519–637.
- Raven RW. Pouches of the pharynx and oesophagus with special reference to the embryological and morphological aspects. (1933) The British Journal of Surgery 21(83): 235-252.
- Roe HE. The weight of the skin and tela subcutanea of the human fetus. (1933) Anat. Rec. 55(2): 134
- Weller GL. Development of the thyroid, parathyroid and thymus glands in man. (1933) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 24: 93-139.
1934
- Adams JL. The supracondyloid variation in the human embryo. (1934) Anat. Rec. : 314-329.
- Anson BJ. The early development of the membranous labyrinth in mammalian embryos, with special reference to the endolymphatic duct and the utriculo—endolymphatic duct. (1934) Anat. Rec. 59: 15-25.
- Anson BJ. and Black WT. The early relation of the auditory vesicle to the ectoderm in human embryos. (1934) Anat. Rec. 58: 127-137.
- Palmer DW. The right lung of a human foetus of 152 millimeters CRL. (1934) Ohio J Science 34(6): 383-398.
- Snook T. The development of the human pharyngeal tonsil. (1934) Amer. J Anat. 55(2): 323-341.
- Snook T. The later development of the bursa pharyngea: Homo. (1934) Anat. Rec. 58(3): 303-318.
- Wood-Jones F. and I-Chuan W. The development of the external ear. (1934)
- Zimmermann AA. Armstrong EL. and Soammon RE. The change in position of the eyeballs during fetal life. (1934)
1935
- Florian J. Hill JP. An early human embryo (no. 1285, Manchester Collection), with capsular attachment of the connecting stalk. (1935) J. Anat., 69(4): 399-411. PMID 17104547
- Frazer JE. The terminal part of the wolffian duct. (1935) J Anat., 69(4): 455–468. PMID 17104551
- Gilbert MS. Some factors influencing the early development of the mammalian hypophysis. (1935) Anat. Rec. 62(4): 337-
- Hamlett GWD. Primordial germ cells in a 4.5 mm human embryo. (1935) Anat. Rec, 61, 273-279.
- Hunter RH. Notes on the development of the prepuce. (1935) J Anat. 70: 68-75. PMID 17104576
- Hunter RM. The development of the anterior post-otic somites in the rabbit. (1935) J. Morphology, 57(2): 501-529.
- Jackson JL. Histogenesis of the human aorta. (1935) Amer. J Anat. 56(2): 306-
- Ramsay AJ. Persistence of the organ of Chievitz in the human. (1935) Anat. Rec 63(3): 281-290.
- Kingsbury BF. On the fate of the ultimobranchial body within the human thyroid gland. (1935) Anat. Rec. 61(2): 155–173.
- Odgers PNB. The formation of the venous valves, the foramen secundum and the septum secundum in the human heart. (1935) J. Anat., 69: 412-422. PMID 17104548
- Pincus G. and Enzmann EV. The comparative behavior of mammalian eggs in vivo and in vitro. (1935) J Exp Med. 62(5): 665-75. PMID 19870440
1936
- Holyoke EA. The role of the primitive mesothelium in the development of the mammalian spleen. (1936) Anat. Rec. 65(3): 333-349.
- Miller RA. and Detwiler SR. Comparative studies upon the origin and development of the brachial plexus. (1936) Anat. Rec. 65(3): 273- .
- Palmer DW. Early Developmental Stages of the Human Lung. (1936) Ohio J. Science. 36(2): 69-79.
- Palmer DW. The lung of a human foetus of 170 mm C.R. length. (1936) Amer. J Anat. : 59-72.
1937
- Brewer JI. A normal human ovum in a stage preceding the primitive streak (The Edwards-Jones-Brewer ovum). (1937) Amer. J Anat., 61: 429-481.
- Gilmour JR. Embryology of the parathyroid glands, the thymus and certain associated rudiments. (1937) J. Path. and Bact. 45(3): 507–522.
- Gladstone RJ. and Wakeley CPG. Development and histogenesis of the human pineal organ. (1937) J. Anat., 19(4): 431-454.
- Goldsmith JB. and Butler HW. The development of the cardiac-coronary circulatory system. (1937) Amer. J Anat. 60(2): 186-
- Inman VT. and Saunders JBdeCM. The ossification of the human frontal bone with special reference to its presumed pre- and post-frontal elements. (1937) J. Anat., 71(3): 384-394.
- Latta JS. and Tollman JP. An early stage of human implantation. (1937) Anat. Rec. 69(4): 443-463.
- Odgers PN. An early human ovum (Thomson) in situ. (1937) J Anat. 71(2): 161-168.3. PMID 17104634
- West CM. A human embryo of twenty-five somites. (1937) J. Anat., 71(2): 169-200.1. PMID 17104635
- Windle WF. and Fitzgerald JE. Development of the spinal reflex mechanism in human embryos. (1937) J. Comp. Neural. 493-509.
- Wyburn GM. The development of the infra-umbilical portion of the abdominal wall, with remarks on the aetiology of ectopia vesicae. (1937) J Anat. 71(2): 201-31. PMID 17104636
1938
- Cooper ERA. A histological investigation of the development and structure of the human lung. (1938) J Pathology 47: 105-114.
- Norris EH. The morphogenesis and histogenesis of the thymus gland in man: in which the origin of the Hassal's corpuscles of the human thymus is discovered. (1938) Contrib Embryol Carneg Instn 27: 191-207.
- Norris EH. The parathyroid glands and the lateral thyroid in man. (1938) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. No. 159.
- Odgers PN. The development of the pars membranacea septi in the human heart. (1938) J Anat. 72(2): 247-59. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17104688 PMID 17104688]
- Patten BM. Developmental defects at the foramen ovale. (1938) Am J Pathol. 14(2):135-162. PMID 19970381
- Pearson AA. The spinal accessory nerve in human embryos. (1938) J Comp. Neurol. 68(2): 243-266.
1939
- Baxter JS. and Boyd JD. Observations on the neural crest of a ten-somite human embryo. (1939) J Anat. 73: 318–326. PMID 17104759
- Gruenwald P. The mechanism of kidney development in human embryos as revealed by an early stage in the agenesis of the ureteric buds. (1939) Anat. Rec. 75(2) 240-247.
- Hill AH. Fetal age assessment by centers of ossification. (1939) Amer. J Phys. Anthropol. 24(3): 251-264.
- Johnson HH. Twins, normal and abnormal. (1939) NY Acad. Sci. 1(4):
- Odgers PNB. The development of the atrio-ventricular valves in man. (1939) J Anat. 73: 643-57. PMID 17104787
- Pearson AA. The hypoglossal nerve in human embryos. (1939) J Comp. Neurol. 71(1): 21-39.
- Wyburn GM. The formation of the umbilical cord and the umbilical region of the anterior abdominal wall. (1939) J Anat. 73(2): 289-310.9. PMID 17104757
- Links: Category:1930's
1940's
1940
- Bloom W. and Bartelmez GW. Hematopoiesis in young human embryos. (1940) Amer. J Anat., 67, 21-53.
- Frazer JE. A Manual of Embryology. (1940) Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, London.
- Gruenwald P. A case of atresia of the esophagus combined with traoheoesophageal fistula in a 9 mm human embryo, and its embryological explanation. (1940) 293-302.
- Heuser CH. The chimpanzee ovum in the early stages of implantation (about 10.5 days). (1940) J Morphol. : 155- .
- Humphrey T. The development of the olfactory and the accessory olfactory formations in human embryos and fetuses. (1940) J. Comp. Neurol. 431-468.
- Johnston TB. An early human embryo, with 0.55 mm. long embryonic shield. (1940) J. Anat., 75:1-49.
- Keith A. Concerning the origin and nature of certain malformations of the face, head, and foot. (1940) Br. J. of Surgery.
- Uotila UU. The early embryological development of the fetal and permanent adrenal cortex in man. (1940) Amer. J Anat. 6:259–390.
- Walmsley R. The development of the patella. (1940) Amer. J Anat. 71(5): 360-368.
1941
- Dible JH. and West CM. A human ovum at the previllous stage. (1941) J Anat. 75(3): 269–281. PMID 17104860
- Gladstone RJ. and Hamilton WJ. A presomite human embryo (Shaw) with primitive streak and chorda canal with special reference to the development of the vascular system. (1941) Amer. J Anat. 76(1): 9-44.
- Hogg ID. Sensory nerves and associated structures in the skin of human fetuses of 8 to 14 weeks of menstrual age correlated with functional capability. (1941) J Comp. Neurol.
- Johnston TB. The chorion and endometrium of the embryo H.R.1. (1941) Amer. J Anat. 75: 153-163.
- Odgers PN. A presomite human embryo with a neurenteric canal (embryo R.S.). (1941) J. Anat., 75(4): 381-388.3. PMID 17104868
- Pearson AA. The development of the olfactory nerve in man. (1941) J Comp. Neurol. 199-217.
- Pearson AA. The development of the nervus terminali in man. (1941) J Comp. Neurol. 75: 39-66.
- Ruth Rhines R. and Windle WF. The early development of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis and associated secondary neurons in the rat, cat and man. (1941) J. Comp. Neuro;. : 165-188.
- Sgalitzer KE. Contribution to the study of the morphogenesis of the thyroid gland. (1941) J Anat. 75(4): 389-405. PMID 17104869
1942
- Conel JL. The origin of the neural crest. (1942) J Comp. Neurol. 76(2): 191-215.
- Gruenwald P. Early human twins with peculiar relations to each other and the chorion. (1942) Anat. Rec, 83: 267-279.
- Gruenwald P. The development of the sex cords in the gonads of man and mammals. (1942) Amer. J Anat. 359-396.
- Hamilton WJ. and Gladstone RJ. A presomite human embryo (Shaw) - the implantation. (1942) J Anat. 76(2): 187-203 PMID 17104888
- Kramer TC. The partitioning of the truncus and conus and the formation of the membranous portion of the interventricular septum in the human heart. (1942)
Amer. J Anat. 71(3): 343-370.
- Windle WF. and Fitzgerald JE. Development of the human mesencephalic trigeminal root and related neurons. (1942) J. Comp. Neurol., 77: 597-608.
1943
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- Arey LB. and Henderson JW. The Huber six-somite human embryo (M 71). (1943) Anat. Rec, 85, 295.
- Boyd JD. Embryology in war-time Britain. (1943) Anat. Rec., .
- Gruenwald P. The normal changes in the position of the embryonic kidney. (1943) Anat. Rec.
- Noback CR. Some gross structural and quantitative aspects of the developmental anatomy of the human embryonic, fetal and circumnatal skeleton. (1943) The Anat. Rec. 87: 29–51.
- Pearson AA. The trochlear nerve in human fetuses. (1943) J Comp. Neurol. : 29-43.
- Wislocki GE. and Bennett SB. The histology and cytology of the human and monkey placenta, with special reference to the trophoblast. (1943) Amer. J Anat. 337-448.
- Wyndham NR. A morphological study of testicular descent. (1943) J Anat., 77(2):179-188.3. PMID 17104926
1944
- Boyd JD. Hamilton WJ. and Hammond J. Transuterine (internal) migration of the ovum in sheep and other mammals. (1944) J Anat. 78(1-2): 5-14. PMID 17104941
- Davies F. and Harding HE. A Human ovum nine to ten days old. (1944) BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 51(3): 225-230.
- Hamilton WJ. Phases of maturation and fertilization in human ova. (1944) J Anat. 78: 1-4.
- Hamilton WJ. Cleavage stages of the ova of the horse, with notes on ovulation. (1945) J Anat. 79(3): 127–130. PMID 17104976
- Humphrey T. Primitive neurons in the embryonic human central nervous system. (1944) J. Comp. Neurol. 81(1): 1-45.
- Noback CR. The developmental anatomy of the human osseous skeleton during the embryonic, fetal and circumnatal periods. (1944)
1945
- Hertig AT. and Rock J. Two human ova of the pre-villous stage, having a developmental age of about seven and nine days respectively. (1945) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 557, 31: 65-84.
- Hertig AT. and Rock J. On a normal human ovum not over 7.5 days of age. (1945) Anat. Rec. 91: 281.
- Hertig AT. and Rock J. On a normal ovum of approximately 9 to 10 days of age. (1945) Anat. Rec. 91: 281.
- Hogg ID. The embryological development of the commissura posterior in the human spinal cord. (1945) J Comp. Neural. : 255-281.
1946
- Hertig AT. and Rock J. On a human blastula recovered from the uterine cavity 4 days after ovulation. (1946) J Gerontol. 1(1): 96-117.
- Hertig AT. lnvolution of tissues in fetal life: a review. (1946) Anat. Rec. 94: 96-116.
- Norris EH. Anatomical evidence of prenatal function of the human parathyroid glands. (1946) Anat. Rec. 96, 129.
1947
- Pearson AA. The roots of the facial nerve in human embryos and fetuses. (1947) J Comp Neurol. 87(2):139-159. PMID 20267602.
1948
- Rock J. and Hertig AT. The human conceptus during the first two weeks of gestation. (1948) Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol, 55: 6-17. PMID 18918949
1949
- Hamilton WJ. Early stages of human development. (1949) Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 4(5): 281-94. PMID 18121228 PMC2238331
- Morton WRM. Two early human embryos. (1949) J. Anat., 83: 308-314.
- Links: Category:1940's
1950's
1950
- Boyd JD. Development of the thyroid and parathyroid glands and the thymus. (1950) Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 7(6): 455-71. PMID 14790564
1951
- Falconer RI. Observations on the origin of the Mullerian groove in human embryos. (1951) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 611, Contrib. Embryol., .
- Hamburger V. and Hamilton HL. A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo. (1951) J Morphol. 88(1): 49-92. PMID 24539719 PDF
- Sensenig EC. The early development of the meninges of the spinal cord in human embryos. (1951) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 611.
- Mckay DG. Hertig AT. Adams EC. and Danziger S. Histochemical observations on the germ cells of human embryos. (1953) Anat. Rec.
- Licata RH. The human embryonic heart in the ninth week. (1954) Amer. J Anat., 94: 73-125. PMID 13124266
- Hertig AT. Rock J. and Adams EC. A description of 34 human ova within the first 17 days of development. (1956) Amer. J Anat., 98:435-493.
- Mckay DG. Adams EC. Hertig AT. and Danziger S. Histochemical horizons in human embryos. I. Five millimeter embryo, Streeter horizon XIII. (1955) Anat. Rec. 122(2): 125-51. PMID 13238850
- Mckay DG. Adams EC. Hertig AT. and Danziger S. Histochemical horizones in human embryos. II. 6 And 7 millimeter embryos-Streeter horizon XIV. (1956) Anat. Rec.126(4): 433-63 PMID 13403206
1957
- Crowder RE. The development of the adrenal gland in man, with special reference to origin and ultimate location of cell types and evidence in favor of the "cell migration" theory. (1957) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 36, 193-210.
- Heard OO. Methods used by C. H. Heuser in preparing and sectioning early embryos. (1957.) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 611, Contrib. Embryol., 36, 1-18.
- Heuser CH. and Corner GW. Developmental horizons in human embryos. Description of age group X, 4 to 12 somites. (1957) Carnegie Instn Wash Publ 611, Contrib. Embryol., 36: 29-39.
- Gilbert PW. The origin and development of the human extrinsic ocular muscles. (1957) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 611, Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 36: 59-78.
- Moffatt BC. The prenatal development of the human temporomandibular joint. (1957) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 611, Contrib. Embryol., 36: .
- O'Rahilly R. Gray DI. and Gardner E. Chondrification in the hands and feet of staged human embryos. (1957) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 611, Contrib. Embryol., 36:
- Padget DH. The development of the cranial venous system in man, from the viewpoint of comparative anatomy. (1957) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 611, Contrib. Embryol., 36:
- Smith EI. The early development of the trachea and esophagus in relation to atresia of the esophagus and tracheoesophageal fistula. (1957) Contributions To Embryology, No. 245
- Streeter GL. Developmental Horizons In Human Embryos Description Or Age Groups XIX, XX, XXI, XXII, And XXIII, Being The Fifth Issue Of A Survey Of The Carnegie Collection. (1957) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 611, Contrib. Embryol., 36: 167-196.
1960's
1970's
- Ramsey EM. Placental Circulation. (1972) MCV Quarterly, 8(1): 61-68.
References
- ↑ Down JLH. Observations on an ethnic classification of idiots. (1866) London Hospital Reports, 3:259-262.
Articles
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 6) Embryology Historic Embryology Papers. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Historic_Embryology_Papers
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G