Carnegie stage 11

Embryology - 1 Dec 2023 Expand to Translate
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Introduction

Facts

Week 4, 23 - 26 days, 2.5 - 4.5 mm, Somite Number 13 - 20

Gestational Age GA - week 6

Summary

Ectoderm: Neural tube continues to close, Rostral neuropore closes
Mesoderm: continued segmentation of paraxial mesoderm (13 - 20 somite pairs), heart tube bending

This early week 4 embryonic stage shows key features of heart tube and neural plate to tube development.

The embryo is still transparent enough to view the underlying somite and transverse septum development.

Features

rostral neuropore closing, forebrain, neural tube in region of developing spinal cord, somites, caudal neuropore, connecting stalk, amnion

Identify: heart, rostral (cranial, anterior) neuropore closing, forebrain, neural tube in region of developing spinal cord, somites, caudal neuropore, connecting stalk, amnion

Week:	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Carnegie stage:	1 2 3 4	5 6	7 8 9	10 11 12 13	14 15	16 17	18 19	20 21 22 23

Carnegie Stages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | About Stages | Timeline

Bright Field


Embryo dorsal view	Embryo ventral with 1 mm scale bar	Embryo lateral view

Select image below to open full-size.

Embryo with Membranes
BF1 - dorsal view
BF2 - lateral view
BF3 - ventral with scale bar
BF4 - ventral view
BF5 - lateral view
BF6 - ventral view
BF8 - ventral head
BF9 - ventral head
BF10 - dorsal neural
BF11 - ventral left
BF12 - ventral right

Scanning EM

This is a scanning EM of the embryo dorsal view showing the neural tube closing with open neuropores and the paired somites visible through the thin ectoderm. Features: surface ectoderm, neural tube, cranial (anterior) neuropore, caudal (posterior) neuropore, somites, heart, cut edge of amnion, 24 days, 13 somite pairs.	This is a scanning EM of the embryo fractured close to the midline to show the hindbrain rhombomeres. Features: surface ectoderm, neural tube, hindbrain rhombomeres, forebrain, buccopharyngeal membrane, yolk sac, 25 days, 19 somite pairs.	This is a scanning EM of the embryo superior dorsal view showing the paired otic placodes sinking into the surface at the level of the hindbrain. Features: surface ectoderm, paired otic placodes, pharyngeal arches heart, 25 days, 19 somite pairs.
This is a scanning EM of the embryo dorsolateral view showing the neural tube closing with open neuropores and the paired somites visible through the thin ectoderm. Features: surface ectoderm, neural tube, cranial (anterior) neuropore, caudal (posterior) neuropore, somites, heart, cut edge of amnion, 24 days, 13 somite pairs.	This is a scanning EM of the embryo fractured to show the neural tube, notochord and somites. Features: surface ectoderm, neural tube, notochord, somites, somitocoels, dorsal aortas, gastrointestinal tract, 25 days, 19 somite pairs.	This is a labeled version of the scanning EM of the fractured embryo.

Cranial End of Embryo

Buccopharyngeal Membrane

The degenerating buccopharyngeal membrane is shown at the floor of the stomodeum.

Low power ventral view of the Buccopharyngeal Membrane
Higher power ventrolateral view of the Buccopharyngeal Membrane
Close up view of the degenerating Buccopharyngeal Membrane

Neuropores

Anterior Neuropore
Posterior Neuropore

Neural Crest

Scanning EM showing low power image of whole embryo and region shown in detail box right of neural crest cells.

Links: Neural Crest Development

Image Source: Scanning electron micrographs of the Carnegie stages of the early human embryos are reproduced with the permission of Prof Kathy Sulik, from embryos collected by Dr. Vekemans and Tania Attié-Bitach. Images are for educational purposes only and cannot be reproduced electronically or in writing without permission.

Kyoto Collection

View: This is a left dorsolateral view of embryo. Amniotic membrane removed.

View: Transverse section (scale bar 0.5 mm)

Image source: The Kyoto Collection images are reproduced with the permission of Prof. Kohei Shiota and Prof. Shigehito Yamada, Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan for educational purposes only and cannot be reproduced electronically or in writing without permission.

Carnegie Collection

Carnegie stage 11: 6344 dorsolateral | 6344 dorsal | 6784 ventral | 6050 right

iBook - Carnegie Embryos
	iTunes link \| iBook Store Description - Imagine the excitement of seeing this incredible early period of human development for the first time. Now consider that much of our initial understanding of human development is based upon study of historic embryo collections. You can now look at these historic images of the first 8 weeks after fertilisation and explore for yourself the changes that occur in human development during this key period. This current book is designed as an atlas of the Carnegie embryo stages with some brief notes and additional information covering the first 8 weeks of development. These images are from from the beginning of last century and are one of the earliest documented series of human embryos collected for basic research and medical education on development. I hope you enjoy learning about the amazing early events that begin to make and shape us. This is the second book in a series of educational releases from UNSW Embryology. Release: First Edition - Mar 12, 2012 ISBN 978-0-7334-3148-7 Print Length 82 Pages, 25.8 MB Language English. PDF Preview version 3.87 MB (Read the associated information, this is an edited educational preview version with many features not functioning). The current website also includes numerous embryo images from this textbook (see Embryonic Development and Carnegie Embryos).

Carnegie Collection - Stage 11
Serial No.	Pairs of somites	Size (mm)	Grade	Fixative	Embedding Medium	Plane	Thinness (µm)	Stain	Year	Notes
12	14	E, 2.1 Ch, 13	Poor		P	Transverse	10	Al. carm.	1893
164	18	E, 3.5 Ch, 14	Good	Formalin	P	Transverse	20	Al. carm.	1913
318	13/14	E, 2.5 Ch, 16	Good		P	Transverse	25	Al. carm.	1905
470	17	E, 4.3 Ch, 16	Good	Formalin	P	Transverse	10	Al. carm. .	1910
779	14	E, 2.75	Good		C	Transverse	15	Al. coch.	1913	Dysraphism. Noted by Dekaban (1964)^[1]
1182b		E, 3 Ch, 15x12x5	Good	Formalin	?	Transverse	20	Al. carm.	1915
2053	20	E, 3.1 Ch, 12	Exc.	Formalin	P	Transverse	10	Al. coch.	1918	Most advanced in group. Ag added to slide 2 Monographs by Davis (1923)^[2] and Congdon (1922)^[3]
4315	17	E, 4.7 Ch, 23x10.4X11	Excellent	?	C-P	Transverse	10	I.H. & E.	1923	Univ. Chicago No. 951. Wen (1928)^[4]
4529	14	E, 2.4 Ch, 21	Excellent	Formalin	P	Transverse	10	Al. coch, or. G.	1924	Heuser (1930)^[5]
4783	13	E, 2.3	Fair	?	?	Transverse	5	I.H.	1924	Wallin (1913)^[6]
4877	13	E, 2 Ch, 15	Good	Formalin	P	Transverse	15	Al. coch.	1925
5072	17	E, 3	Good	Formalin	P	Transverse	10	(Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin)	1925	Tubal Type specimen. Atwell (1930)^[7]
6050	19/21	E.,3 Ch, 10	Good	Formalin	C-P	Coronal	10	Al. coch.	1930	Advanced
6344	13	E, 2.5 Ch, 17	Excellent	Formalin	C-P	Transverse	6	Al. coch.	1931	Least advanced in group
6784	17	E, 5 Ch, 16	Excellent	Formalin	C-P	Transverse	6	I.H, or. G.	1933
7358	16	E, ? Ch, 15	Poor	Alc, formol	p	Oblique	25	(Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin)	1936
7611	16	E., 2.4 Ch., 12	Excellent	Bouin	C-P	Transverse	8	(Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin)	1938
7665	19	E., 4.36	Excellent	?	C-P	Transverse	6		1939	Univ. Chicago No. H 1516
7702	17	E, 3.7 Ch., 14	Good	Formalin	C-P	Transverse	10	Al. coch.	1940	Returned to B M Patten
7851	13	E., 4.3 Ch, 18	Excellent	Formalin	C-P	Transverse	8	(Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin)	1940	Slightly injured
8005	16/17	E, 3	Excellent	Bouin	C-P	Transverse	8	(Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin)	1942	Tubal
8116	17	E, 14 Ch.. 17	Good	Formalin	p	Sagittal	8	Azan	1953
8962	15	E, 1.55	Good	?	*	Sagittal	?	?	1952	Tubal Univ. Chicago No. H 810
Abbreviations Size - E. is the greatest length of the embryo and Ch. is the mean diameter of the chorion. Grade - total grade of the specimen and includes both its original quality and the condition of the mounted sections. Embedding medium - paraffin (P) or a combination of celloidin and paraffin (C-P). Fixative - formalin (Formol), alcohol and formalin (Alc, formol), Bouin (Bouin solution) ? - unknown or not determined.
References ↑ Dekaban AS. and Bartelmez GW. Complete Dysraphism in 14 Somite Human Embryo. (1964) A Contribution To Normal And Abnormal Morphogenesis. Am. J. Anat. 115: 27-38. PMID 14199785 ↑ Davis CL. Description of a human embryo having twenty paired somites. (1923) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 332, Contrib. Embryol., 15: 1-51. ↑ Congdon ED. Transformation of the aortic-arch system during the development of the human embryo. (1922) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ 277, 14:47-110. ↑ Wen IC. The anatomy of human embryos with seventeen to twenty-three pairs of somites (1928) J. Comp. Neural., 45: 301-376. ↑ Heuser CH. A human embryo with 14 pairs of somites. (1930) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 414, Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 22:135-153. ↑ Wallin IE. A human embryo of thirteen somites. (1913) Amer. J Anat. 15(3): 319-331. ↑ Atwell WJ. A human embryo with seventeen pairs of somites. (1930) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 407, 21: 1-24.

Historic Embryology

Harvard Collection No. 714

Harvard Collection No. 714 described by Bremer, J. L. 1906. Description of a 4-mm Human Embryo. Amer. J. Anat., 5, 459-480.

Pfannenstiel III

Keibel Collection Pfannenstiel III

Keibel F. and Elze C. Normal Plates of the Development of the Human Embryo (Homo sapiens). (1908) Vol. 8 in series by Keibel F. Normal plates of the development of vertebrates (Normentafeln zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Wirbelthiere) Fisher, Jena., Germany. Shown as Embryo No. 6 (Plate 1 fig. Vr. and Plate 2 fig. Vv.). Text-Book of Embryology (1921) Fig. 84

Low A. Description of a human embryo of 13-14 mesodermic somites. (1908) J Anat Physiol. 42(3): 237-51. PMID 17232769 | PMC1289161

Embryo model left side
Embryo model frontal view
sagittal section viewed from the left

Chicago Collection H951

Wen IC. The anatomy of human embryos with seventeen to twenty-three pairs of somites (1928) J. Comp. Neural., 45: 301-376. H951 is a University of Chicago Collection 17 somite embryo.

Carnegie Collection

Davis CL. Description of a human embryo having twenty paired somites. (1923) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 332, Contrib. Embryol., 15: 1-51.

Heuser CH. A human embryo with 14 pairs of somites. (1930) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 414, Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 22:135-153.

Atwell WJ. A human embryo with seventeen pairs of somites. (1930) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 407, 21: 1-24.

1930 Dorsolateral view drawing 14 somite pairs, 24 days
1930 Sagittal (midline) section drawing of 17 somite pairs
1930 Ventral and lateral view drawing of 19 somite pairs, approx 25 days
1923 Ventral and lateral view drawing of 20 somite pairs
Dorso-lateral view of human embryo with fourteen pairs of mesodermal somites (Kollmann).
Lateral view of human embryo of 2.6 mm (His, from Keibel and Mall).
1911 Cloaca model

Watt JC. Description of two young twin embryos with 17-19 paired somites. (1915) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 2: 15-54.^[1]

Histology

Human embryo (CRL 4.2 mm) Blechschmidt Collection
optic pit
optic vesicle-hindbrain
neural tube roof plate 1
neural tube roof plate 2

Stage 11 histology links: optic pit | optic vesicle-hindbrain | neural tube roof plate 1 | neural tube roof plate 2

Events

cardiovascular - heart beating and peristaltic flow begins.^[2]
hearing - at 16 somites the otic pit is formed and lies dorsal to the second pharyngeal groove (cleft).^[3]
vision - right and left optic primordia meet at the optic chiasma forming a U-shaped rim.^[4]
smell - the nasal epiblastic thickening appears.^[5] Stages Description
gastrointestinal tract - cloacal membrane is located on the ventral surface of the caudal part of the body wall, in a central oval depression.
meninges - (spinal cord) - migration of cells from the somites has increased in embryos and the neural crests have undergone rapid development. Extending ventrally from the neural crests, and appearing to be continuous with them, is a single layered strand of cells. This extends along the lateral edge of the neural tube and contains cells which are more flattened and elongated than those migrating from the somite.^[6]

References

↑ Watt JC. Description of two young twin embryos with 17-19 paired somites. (1915) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 2: 15-54.
↑ de Vries PA. and Saunders JBdeCH. Development of the ventricles and spiral outflow tract in the human heart. (1962) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 621, Contrib. Embryol., 37: 87-114.
↑ Bartelmez GW. and Evans HM. Development of the human embryo during the period of somite formation, including embryos with 2 to 16 pairs of somites. (1926) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 362, 17: 1-67.
↑ Pearson AA. (1980). The development of the eyelids. Part I. External features. J. Anat. , 130, 33-42. PMID: 7364662
↑ Bossy J. Development of olfactory and related structures in staged human embryos. (1980) Anat. Embryol., 161(2);225-36 PMID 7469043
↑ Sensenig EC. The early development of the meninges of the spinal cord in human embryos. (1951) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 611.

Additional References

Mizoguti H. A fifteen-somite human embryo. (1989) Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 116:1-102. PMID: 2610025

Müller F & O'Rahilly R. (1986). The development of the human brain and the closure of the rostral neuropore at stage 11. Anat. Embryol. , 175, 205-22. PMID: 3826651

Carnegie Stages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | About Stages | Timeline

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2023, December 1) Embryology Carnegie stage 11. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Carnegie_stage_11

What Links Here?

[Dekaban1964-1] Dekaban AS. and Bartelmez GW. Complete Dysraphism in 14 Somite Human Embryo. (1964) A Contribution To Normal And Abnormal Morphogenesis. Am. J. Anat. 115: 27-38. PMID 14199785

[2] Davis CL. Description of a human embryo having twenty paired somites. (1923) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 332, Contrib. Embryol., 15: 1-51.

[3] Congdon ED. Transformation of the aortic-arch system during the development of the human embryo. (1922) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ 277, 14:47-110.

[Wen1928-4] Wen IC. The anatomy of human embryos with seventeen to twenty-three pairs of somites (1928) J. Comp. Neural., 45: 301-376.

[5] Heuser CH. A human embryo with 14 pairs of somites. (1930) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 414, Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 22:135-153.

[6] Wallin IE. A human embryo of thirteen somites. (1913) Amer. J Anat. 15(3): 319-331.

[7] Atwell WJ. A human embryo with seventeen pairs of somites. (1930) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 407, 21: 1-24.

[Watt1915-8] Watt JC. Description of two young twin embryos with 17-19 paired somites. (1915) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 2: 15-54.

[9] Vries PA. and Saunders JBdeCH. Development of the ventricles and spiral outflow tract in the human heart. (1962) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 621, Contrib. Embryol., 37: 87-114.

[Bartelmez1926-10] Bartelmez GW. and Evans HM. Development of the human embryo during the period of somite formation, including embryos with 2 to 16 pairs of somites. (1926) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 362, 17: 1-67.

[PMID7364662-11] Pearson AA. (1980). The development of the eyelids. Part I. External features. J. Anat. , 130, 33-42. PMID: 7364662

[PMID7469043-12] Bossy J. Development of olfactory and related structures in staged human embryos. (1980) Anat. Embryol., 161(2);225-36 PMID 7469043

[Sensenig1951-13] Sensenig EC. The early development of the meninges of the spinal cord in human embryos. (1951) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 611.

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