Carnegie stage 19

Embryology - 1 Dec 2023 Expand to Translate
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Introduction

Facts

Week 7, 48 - 51 days, 16 - 18 mm

Gestational Age GA - week 9

Summary

Ectoderm: sensory placodes, lens pit, otocyst, nasal pits moved ventrally, fourth ventricle of brain
Mesoderm: heart prominence, ossification continues
Head: forebrain, eye, external acoustic meatus
Body: straightening of trunk, heart, liver, umbilical cord

Features

eyelid, eye, external acoustic meatus, auricle of external ear, digital ray, wrist, liver prominence
Identify: straightening of trunk, pigmented eye, eyelid, external acoustic meatus, digital rays, liver prominance, thigh, ankle, foot plate, umbilical cord

Historic Papers: 1911 larynx | 1914 | 1954 Stage 19-23

Week:	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Carnegie stage:	1 2 3 4	5 6	7 8 9	10 11 12 13	14 15	16 17	18 19	20 21 22 23

Carnegie Stages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | About Stages | Timeline

Bright Field

Virtual Slide

Stage 19 - Right Lateral

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Stage 19 | Embryo Slides

Carnegie stage 19

Facts: Week 7, 48 - 51 days, 16 - 18 mm
View: Lateral view. Amniotic membrane removed.
Features: eyelid, eye, external acoustic meatus, auricle of external ear, digital ray, wrist, liver prominence
Identify: straightening of trunk, pigmented eye, eyelid, external acoustic meatus, digital rays, liver prominance, thigh, ankle, foot plate, umbilical cord

Stage 19 Links: Embryo open gestational sac | Embryo | Embryo (rotated) | Carnegie stage 19

Image: Dr Steven O'Connor (Houston, Texas) - Other embryo images.

Carnegie Stages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | About Stages | Timeline

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2023, December 1) Embryology Carnegie stage 19. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Carnegie_stage_19

What Links Here?

Scanning EM

Ventral view of head showing upper lip, maxilla and nasal region.

Image Source: Prof Virginia Diewert

Kyoto Collection

View: This is a dorsolateral view of embryo. Amniotic membrane removed.

Image source: Embryology page Created: 19.03.1999

Image source: The Kyoto Collection images are reproduced with the permission of Prof. Kohei Shiota and Prof. Shigehito Yamada, Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan for educational purposes only and cannot be reproduced electronically or in writing without permission.

Carnegie Collection


Lens^[1]	Eye and Optic Nerve^[1]

Carnegie Collection - Stage 19
Serial No.	Size (mm)	Grade	Fixative	Embedding Medium	Plane	Thinness (µm)	Stain	Score	Sex	Year	Notes
17	E, 18 Ch, 40x30x20	Poor	Alc.	P		50, 100	Al. carm.	16.5	Male	1894
43	E, 16	Good	Alc.	P		50	Al. coch.	10	Male	1894
293	E, 19	Poor	Ale.	P	Sagittal	50	Coch.	16.5	S	1905
390	E, 19	Good	Formol?	P	Sagittal	20,	(Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin)	11.5	Male	1906	Tubal Injected 50
409	E.18 Ch, 50x40x40	Good	Formalin	P	Transverse	20	Copper, iron H. & erythrosin	14.5	Male	1907
432	E..18.5 Ch , 45x35x20	Good	Formalin	P	Sagittal	20	H. & Congo red	13.5	Male	1910	Tubal
576	E. 17 Ch, 60x40	Good	Formalin	P	Sagittal	15, 20	(Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin)	14.5	d	1912	Tubal
626	E., 21.5 Ch., 40x30x21	Good	Formalin	P	Transverse	100	Al. coch.	14_5	6	1913
6??8	E, 20 Ch, ca. 30	Poor	Formalin	P	Sagittal	50	Al. coch.	12	9	1913	Head damaged
709	E, 19 Ch. 40x35x25	Poor	Alc.	P	Coronal	40	Al. coch, Lyons blue	15	49	1913
837	E. 21 Ch. 65x45x	Good	Formalin	P	Sagittal	40	Al. coch.	14.5	P	1914
1324	E., 18 50x30x18	Good	Formalin	C	Coronal	40	(Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin), aur, or. G	125	79	1915
1332	E., 19 Ch., 40x43x22	Poor	Formalin	C	Coronal	40	(Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) aur, or. G.	15	Male	1915
1390	E., 18 Ch, 40x38x15	Good	Formalin	P	Sagittal	20	Al. coch.	10_5	Male	1915	Tubal
1534	E., 13 Ch.,35x31x25	Poor	Formalin	P	53%	50	Al. coch.	13.5	F	1916	Protruding midbrain
2114	E., 19.3 Ch., 49x42x33	Good	Formol	P	Transverse	40	A1. coch.	12	M	1918
4405	E., 15.5	Good	Formalin	P	Transverse	10	Coch, Mallory	13.5	<3	1923	Midbrain injured
4501	E, 18	Exc.	Bouin	P	Transverse	15	Coch, or. G.	14.6		1924	Cystic left kidney
5609	E., 18	Exc.	Formalin	P	Coronal	25	A1. coch.	13.5	Male
6150	E., 17 Ch., 40x39x30	Good	Bouin	C-P	Transverse	15	(Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin)	16.5	Male	1930	Tubal
6824	E., 18.5 Ch., 45x40x25	Good	Formalin	C-P	Sagittal	12	(Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin)	14.5	Female	1933
7900	E., 16.5	Good	Bouin	C-P	Sagittal	20	(Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin), phlox.	11.5	. .	1941	Tubal
8092	E., 16.3 Ch., 52 x 47	Exc.	Bouin	C-P	Transverse	20	(Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin), phlox.	13	Male	1942
8913	E.,? Ch, 34	Poor	Formalin	p	Transverse	10	Alan .	7		1951	rubella. Medical abortion. Isolated head damaged
8965	E, 19.1 Ch, 42x32x19	Good	Formol—Zenker	C-P	Transverse	10	Borax, carm, or. G.			1952	Univ. Chicago No. H 173
9097	E, 21	Exc.	Formol—glucose	C-P	Coronal	10	Azan ? .	?		1930	Univ. Chicago No H 1380
9113	E, 185 Ch, 24	Exc.	Formalin	C-P	Transverse	10	Alan > 6			1953	Rubella. Medical abortion
9325	E, 17.0 Ch, 32x28x20	Good	Formalin	—acetic p	Transverse	15& 8-10	Azan & Ag	?	-	1955	Tubal
Abbreviations Size - E. is the greatest length of the embryo and Ch. is the mean diameter of the chorion. Grade - total grade of the specimen and includes both its original quality and the condition of the mounted sections. Embedding medium - paraffin (P) or a combination of celloidin and paraffin (C-P). Fixative - formalin (Formol), alcohol and formalin (Alc, formol), Bouin (Bouin solution) Stain - ? - unknown or not determined.

iBook - Carnegie Embryos
	iTunes link \| iBook Store Description - Imagine the excitement of seeing this incredible early period of human development for the first time. Now consider that much of our initial understanding of human development is based upon study of historic embryo collections. You can now look at these historic images of the first 8 weeks after fertilisation and explore for yourself the changes that occur in human development during this key period. This current book is designed as an atlas of the Carnegie embryo stages with some brief notes and additional information covering the first 8 weeks of development. These images are from from the beginning of last century and are one of the earliest documented series of human embryos collected for basic research and medical education on development. I hope you enjoy learning about the amazing early events that begin to make and shape us. This is the second book in a series of educational releases from UNSW Embryology. Release: First Edition - Mar 12, 2012 ISBN 978-0-7334-3148-7 Print Length 82 Pages, 25.8 MB Language English. PDF Preview version 3.87 MB (Read the associated information, this is an edited educational preview version with many features not functioning). The current website also includes numerous embryo images from this textbook (see Embryonic Development and Carnegie Embryos).

Blechschmidt Collection

Embryo (170452)

Links: Blechschmidt Collection

Photographs


Virtual Slide
Image - Dr Ed Uthman	Image - Dr Steven O'Connor

Embryo Virtual Slides

Stage 19 - Left Lateral

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Stage 19 | Embryo Slides

Hill Collection

Righthand view	Lefthand view

Image source: The images from the Hill Collection (part of the Embryological Collection) are reproduced with the permission of the Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity. Images are for educational purposes only and must not be reproduced electronically or in writing without permission from the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin.

Embryo Virtual Slides

Stage 19 - Left Lateral

‎‎Mobile | Desktop | Original

Stage 19 | Embryo Slides

Stage 19 - Left Lateral

‎‎Mobile | Desktop | Original

Stage 19 | Embryo Slides

Hinrichsen Collection

Hinrichsen collection Human Embryo ME28 (stage19).

Embryo left lateral view.

SEM upper limb showing digital ray development.

Image source: The Hinrichsen Collection images are reproduced with the permission of Prof. Beate Brand-Saberi, Head, Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum. Images are for educational purposes only and cannot be reproduced electronically or in writing without permission.

Madrid Collection

Madrid Collection Embryos
Carnegie Stage	Embryo	Days	CRL (mm)	Section thickness	Staining	Section plane
19	PA	47	17	10	(Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin)	transverse
19	Civ1	48	18	10	(Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin)-Azan	transverse

Events

vision - (stage 19 -22) the eyelid folds develop into the eyelids and cover more of the eye as the palpebral fissure takes shape. The upper and the lower eyelids meet at the outer canthus in Stage 19.^[2]
hearing - otic capsule now cartilaginous. Cochlea tip becomes curled. Malleus and incus present.
smell - individualization of the olfactory bulb and nuclei. The distinction between olfactory structures and terminal and vomeronasal ones begins to be clear. ^[3] Stages Description | primitive olfactory bulb

Cardiovascular
- Cerebral artery the middle cerebral artery becomes more prominent, the plexi fuse into a single artery and further branches pierce the cerebral hemisphere.^[4]
- arterial system^[5] Chapter 18 fig. 447).
- aortic arches ^[6] stages 11–19 (figs. 29–40).
- heart fusion of aortic and mitral endocardial cushion material</ref>Teal SI., Moore GW. and Hutchins GM. Development of aortic and mitral valve continuity in the human embryonic heart. (1986) Amer. J. Anat., 176:447-460.</ref>
respiratory - first generation of subsegmental bronchi now complete, see bronchial tree reconstruction^[7] (plates 3 and 4).
Gastrointestinal - anal membrane defined.
- submandibular gland - Short, club-like duct entering mesenchymal primordium of gland.^[1]
renal - Cloacal membrane ruptures from urinary pressure at stage 18 or stage 19,
Musculoskeletal - Sternum right and left sternal bars are present.^[8] (figs. 7-17 and 7-22)
neural
- rhombencephalon migration for olivary and arcuate nuclei begins.
- choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle present.
- stria medullaris thalami reaches the habenular nuclei.
- habenular commissure begins to develop.
endocrine^[9]
- Hypophysis - the caudal part of the craniopharyngeal pouch is reduced to a closed epithelial stem (Andersen et al. 1971).
- Epiphysis - the "anterior lobe" of the pineal body shows a characteristic step and wedge appearance (Stadium 4 of Turkewitsch 1933) (O'Rahilly 1968).
- parathyroid - 3 become detached from the pharyngeal endo- derm (Jirfisek 1980).
- Adrenal Cortex - C2 cells lie on the surface of the gland and form a "capsule".^[10]
- Adrenal Medulla - Sympathicoblasts penetrate the cortex at stages 19 and 20, and form scattered islets of medullary tissue throughout the cortex (Jirfisek 1980).
meninges (spinal cord) - increased chondrification ventral vertebral wall and greater concentration in the dorsal vertebral wall (the membrana reuniens), further ventral migration of the ganglia, and formation of large cavities in the meninx primitiva and a reticular arrangement of its cells. Layers of stratiﬁed cells overlying the dorsal surfaces of the centra and intervertebral disks, distinguishable in stage 17, 18, are now separated from these structures by a narrow network of loose cells. This stratiﬁed concentration of cells is the rudiment of the ventral dura mater, and may be traced both laterally and medially to the ganglia. The part lateral to the ganglia passes over into, and becomes indistinguishable from, the dense stratum of the meninx primitiva that forms the more dorsal canal wall. Passing caudad, the ventral dura mater rudiment lies in ever closer proximity to the centra and intervertebral disks, becoming continuous with these structures in the lower cervical segments. It can, however, be identiﬁed throughout the thoracic regions.^[11]
genital^[12]
- Gonad DSDs have been recorded from stages 19 to 23.^[13]
- testis rete testis begins developing from the siminiferous cords and tunica albuginea begins forming.^[14]
- ovary Cords representing the rete ovarii (or rete testis) are developing from cells of the gonad.^[15]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Streeter GL. Developmental Horizons In Human Embryos Description Or Age Groups XIX, XX, XXI, XXII, And XXIII, Being The Fifth Issue Of A Survey Of The Carnegie Collection. (1957) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 611, Contrib. Embryol., 36: 167-196.
↑ Pearson AA. The development of the eyelids. Part I. External features. (1980) J. Anat.: 130(1): 33-42. PMID 7364662 PDF
↑ Bossy J. Development of olfactory and related structures in staged human embryos. (1980) Anat. Embryol., 161(2);225-36 PMID 7469043
↑ Menshawi K, Mohr JP & Gutierrez J. (2015). A Functional Perspective on the Embryology and Anatomy of the Cerebral Blood Supply. J Stroke , 17, 144-58. PMID: 26060802 DOI.
↑ Keibel F. and Mall FP. Manual of Human Embryology II. (1912) J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.
↑ Congdon ED. Transformation of the aortic-arch system during the development of the human embryo. (1922) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ 277, 14:47-110.
↑ Wells LJ. Development of the human diaphragm and pleural sacs. (1954) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 603, 35: 107-134.
↑ Gasser RL. Atlas of Human Embryos. (1975) Harper & Row, Hagerstown, Maryland.
↑ O'Rahilly R. The timing and sequence of events in the development of the human endocrine system during the embryonic period proper. (1983) Anat. Embryol., 166: 439-451. PMID 6869855
↑ Crowder RE. The development of the adrenal gland in man, with special reference to origin and ultimate location of cell types and evidence in favor of the "cell migration" theory. (1957) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 36, 193-210.
↑ Sensenig EC. The early development of the meninges of the spinal cord in human embryos. (1951) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 611.
↑ O'Rahilly R. (1983). The timing and sequence of events in the development of the human reproductive system during the embryonic period proper. Anat. Embryol. , 166, 247-61. PMID: 6846859
↑ Lee S. High incidence of true hermaphroditism in the early human embryos. (1971) Biol Neonate 18: 2418-2425. PMID 5163617
↑ Jirásek JE. Development of the Genital System and Male Pseudohermaphroditism. (1971) Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore.
↑ Wilson KM. Origin and development of the rete ovarii and the rete testis in the human embryo. (1926) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 362, Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash., 17:69-88.

Additional Images

Stage 19 Optical Projection Tomography
External ear Stages 14-23 and adult

Historic

Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages
Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (More? Embryology History \| Historic Embryology Papers)

1914 Thyng HEC839 human embryo 17.8 mm external appearance
1914 Thyng HEC839 human embryo 17.8 mm gastrointestinal
1914 Thyng Plate 2
1922 Embryo 18 mm reconstruction model, Carnegie Embryo 1390
1922 Carnegie Embryo 1390
1911 Cloacal model
1911 Frontal section to show epiglottis thyreoid cartilage, and hyoid bone
1911 Frontal section to show superior laryngeal nerve
1911 Frontal section to show M. crico-thyreoideus and arytaenoid masses.
1911 Frontal section to show M. cricoary taenoideus posterior, interarytaenoideus and nerve recurrens.
1911 Graphic reconstruction of cricoid and arytaenoid cartilages
1911 Graphic reconstructions of pharyngeal constrictors
1911 Graphic reconstruction of laryngeal musculature
1911 Graphic reconstruction of thyreoid cartilage hyoid bone, and styloid process
1911 Graphic reconstructions of larynx cartilages
1911 Sagittal section to show laryngeal musculature and nerve recurrens
1911 Sagittal section laryngeal region
1911 Graphic reconstruction of 9th, 10th, and 12th cranial nerves in larynx region
1911 Sagittal section laryngeal region.
1911 Sagittal section laryngeal region, submaxillary ganglion.
Fig. 20 Sagittal section laryngeal region.