Carnegie stage 14

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Introduction

Stage14 sem1c.jpg

Facts

Week 5, 31 - 35 days, 5 - 7 mm

Gestational Age GA - week 7

View: Lateral view. Amniotic membrane removed.

Summary

  • Ectoderm: sensory placodes, lens pit, otocyst, nasal placode, primary/secondary vesicles, fourth ventricle of brain,
  • Mesoderm: continued segmentation of paraxial mesoderm (more than 30 somite pairs), heart prominence
  • Head: 1st, 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arch, forebrain, site of lens placode, site of otic placode, stomodeum
  • Body: heart, liver, umbilical cord, mesonephric ridge
  • Limb: upper and lower limb buds


See also Carnegie stage 14 Events

Features

  • midbrain, nasal placode, lens pit, 1,2,3 pharyngeal arches, fourth ventricle of brain, 1st pharyngeal groove, heart prominence, cervical sinus, upper limb bud, mesonephric ridge, lower limb bud, umbilical cord.
  • Identify: midbrain region, nasal placode, lens pit, 1st, 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arches, 1st pharyngeal groove, maxillary and mandibular components of 1st pharyngeal arch, fourth ventricle of brain, heart prominence, cervical sinus, upper limb bud, mesonephric ridge, lower limb bud, umbilical cord.


Stage 14 Links: Week 5 | Head | Lecture - Limb | Lecture - Gastrointestinal | Lecture - Head Development | Science Practical - Gastrointestinal | Science Practical - Head | Movie - Embryo stage 14 | Carnegie Embryos | Category:Carnegie Stage 14 | Next Stage 15
  Historic Papers: 1918 | 1926 Precervical Sinus | 1956 | 1959
Week: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Carnegie stage: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Carnegie Stages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | About Stages | Timeline

Bright Field

Lateral view
Stage14 bf24.jpg Stage14 bf20.jpg
Ventral view
Stage14 bf26.jpg Stage14 bf23.jpg

Embryo Virtual Slide

Stage 14 - Lateral View

Stage14 bf18.jpg

 ‎‎Mobile | Desktop | Original

Stage 14 | Embryo Slides
Stage 14 - Ventral View

Stage14 bf21.jpg

 ‎‎Mobile | Desktop | Original

Stage 14 | Embryo Slides


Stage14 bf1a.jpg Stage14 bf2al.jpg

Stage14 bf3a.jpg Stage14 bf4a.jpg

Scanning EM

Stage14 sem1.jpg

Stage14 sem2.jpg Stage14 sem2cl.jpg

  • Dorsolateral view

    Dorsolateral view

  • Cranial end

    Cranial end

  • Cloacal region

    Cloacal region

  • Caudal end

    Caudal end

Image Source: Scanning electron micrographs of the Carnegie stages of the early human embryos are reproduced with the permission of Prof Kathy Sulik, from embryos collected by Dr. Vekemans and Tania Attié-Bitach. Images are for educational purposes only and cannot be reproduced electronically or in writing without permission.

Kyoto Collection

Stage14 bf2.jpg

Lateral view of embryo surface at Carnegie stage 14.

Stage14 bf27.jpgStage14 bf28.jpg

Human Stage14 neural01.jpg Human Stage14 neural02.jpg
Cranial Nerves 
Nerve Number Name Type Origin Function
CN I Olfactory sensory telencephalon smell placode
CN II Optic sensory retinal ganglial cells vision
CN III Oculomotor motor anterior midbrain extraocular muscles eye movements and pupil dilation (motor)
CN IV Trochlear motor dorsal midbrain extraocular muscles (superior oblique muscle)
CN V Trigeminal motor/sensory pons touch, mastication
CN VI Abducent motor extraocular muscles control eye movements (lateral rectus muscle)
CN VII Facial motor/sensory pons facial expression, taste (tongue anterior and central regions) regulate salivary production.
CN VIII Acoustic sensory vestibular and cochlear nuclei hearing, placode
CN IX Glossopharyngeal motor/sensory medulla swallowing and speech, taste (tongue posterior region)
CN X Vagus motor/sensory medulla larynx and pharynx muscles (speech and swallowing), regulates heartbeat, sweating, and peristalsis
CN XI Accessory motor motor neurons sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
CN XII Hypoglossal motor motor neurons tongue muscles (speech, eating and other oral functions)
Lateral view of the central nervous system of embryo at Carnegie stage 14 (Scale bar is 1 mm).

Carnegie Collection

Stage14 bf5.jpg Stage14 bf6.jpg Stage14 bf7.jpg Stage14 bf8.jpg Stage14 bf9.jpg Stage14 bf10.jpg Stage14 bf11.jpg Stage14 bf12.jpg Stage14 bf13.jpg Stage14 bf14.jpg Stage14 bf15.jpg Stage14 bf16.jpg Stage14 bf17.jpg

Carnegie stage 14: 6830 left | 1380 left | 7333 left | 6502 left | 5654 left | 4154 left | 4629 right | 7394 right | 6848 left | 7400 right | 7394 left | 1620 left | 7400 left
Carnegie Collection Embryos - Stage 14 
Serial No. Size (mm) Grade Fixative Embedding Medium Plane Thinness (µm) Stain Year Notes
4 E.,7 Poor p P Transverse 10 Al. coch. 1892
18 E.,7 Ch., 18x18 Poor p P Transverse 20 Al. coch. 1895
80 E., 5.0 Ch., 24x18x8 Good Alc. P Transverse 20 Al. coch. 1897
187 E.,7 Ch., 35x30x25 Poor ? P Sagittal 20 Al. coch. 1902
1208 E.,7 Ch., 22x11Xx1 Poor ? P Sagittal 20 Al. coch. 1902
245 E.,6 Ch., 13x12x10 Poor Formol, Zenker ? Transverse 5 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1904
372 E.,7 Fair p P Transverse 10 H.-Congo red 1902
380 E,6 Ch., 20x20x14 Poor p P Sagittal 20 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1906
387 E.,7 Ch., 45x40x50 Good Formalin P Transverse 20 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1907
442 E.,6 Ch., 25x20 Poor Formalin P Coronal? 50 Al. coch. 1908
552 E.,6 Ch, 40x28Xx8 Poor p P Sagittal 40 Al. coch. 1911 Possible anencephaly
560 E., 7.0 Ch, 24x24 Poor Formalin P Coronal 40 Al. coch. 1912
676 E., 6.0 Ch, 35x20x17 Good Carnoy P Tr.-Coronal 20 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1913 Possible spina bifida
873 E,6.0 Ch., 35x28x16 Poor Formalin P Sagittal 20 Al. coch. 1914
988 E,6.0 Ch., 38x30x23 Good Formol-corros. acetic P Transverse 20 Al. coch. 1914
1380 E , 5.7 Ch, 36x24x24 Exc. Formalin P Coronal 20 Al. coch. 1916
1620 E, 6.6 Ch, 35x30x8 Good Formalin P Sagittal 20 Al. coch. 1916
?? E, 6.68 Fair ? ? Transverse 6 Al. coch., or. G 1919
2841 E , sy Ch. 35x21 Good Alc. P Transverse 20 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) or.G 1920
3360 E.6.0 Good Formalin C Transverse 20 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) or.G 1920 In myomatous uterus. Advanced.
3805 E., 5.9 Exc. Bouin P Transverse 15 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1921 Evans embryo No. 168. Serial bromides only
3960 E., 5.5 Good Formalin C-P Coronal 20 Al. coch. 1922 Blood vessels naturally injected
4154 E, 6.8 Ch., 33x31x20 Poor Alc. C-P Transverse 8 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1923
4245-6 E., 7.0 Good Formalin P Transverse 15 Al. coch. 1923 Univ. Pennsylvania No. 40. Ag added
4692 E., 6.5 Ch., 32x23 Good Formalin C-P Sagittal 10 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1924
4672 E,8.2 Ch., 40X34X25 Good Formalin P Transverse 20 Al. coch. 1924 Advanced
4805 E., 7.3 Ch., 15X8X9 Good Formalin C-P Transverse 10 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1924 Tubal
5437 E., 7.0 Good Formalin C-P Transverse 8 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1927 Advanced
5654 E., 5.0 Ch., 30x23x17 Good Formalin P Transverse 10 Al. coch., eosin 1928 Less advanced
5787 E., 6.8 Ch., 32x30x23 Good Formalin P Sagittal 10 Al. coch., eosin 1928
6428 E., 7.0 Ch., 30X28X25 Good Formalin C-P Coronal 6, 10 Al. coch. 1931 Advanced
6500 E, 4.9* Good Souza? C-P Sagittal 10 Al. coch. 1931 E. Leitz, Berlin
6502 E., 6.7* Exc. Souza? C-P Transverse 5, 10 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1931 E. Leitz, Berlin. Ag added to slides 1-25
6503 E., 6.3* Exc. Souza? C-P Coronal 10 Al. coch. 1931 E. Leitz, Berlin
6739 E.,8 Poor Formalin C-P Sagittal 20 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1933
6830 E,5.5 Ch., 47x23x15 Exc. Formalin C-P Coronal 8 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1933
6848 E., 7.8 Good Formalin C-P Coronal 10 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1934 Tubal
7324 E, 6.6 Ch., 17x13x10 Good Formalin C-P Transverse 8 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1936 Low implantation
7333 E, 6.3 Good Formalin C-P Transverse 8 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1936
7394 E, 7.2 Ch., 45x20x20 Exc. Formalin C-P Transverse 8 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1937
7400 E, 6.3 Ch., 35x25x20 Good Formalin C-P Coronal 10 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1937
7522 E., 7.7 Ch., 33x16x16 Good Formalin C-P Transverse 8 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1938 Natural blood injection
7598 E., 7.0 Ch., 30x30x25 Poor Alc. C-P Transverse 10 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1938 Macerated
7667 E., 5 Ch., 16x14x12 Fair Formalin P Transverse 8 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin), phlox. 1939
7829 E., 7.0 Exc. Bouin C-P Transverse 8 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1940 Advanced
7870 E,7.2 Ch., 25x20x13 Exc. Bouin C-P Transverse 8 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1941 On borderline of next stage. Ag added
8141 E,7.3 Ch.,33x28 Exc. C-P Coronal 8 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin) 1943 Shrinkage cracks in brain
8306 E.5.3 Ch., 27 Exc. Bouin C-P Transverse 10, 20 (Stain - Haematoxylin Eosin), phlox. 1945
8308 E, 5.85 Ch., 27x18x18 Exc. Formol & Bouin C-P Sagittal 8 Azan 1945
8314 E,8 Ch.,23x22 Exc. Formol C-P Transverse 8 Azan 1945
8357 E., 6.5 Good Formol C-P Sagittal 8 Azan 1946
8552 E,6.5 Exc. Alc. & Bouin C-P Transverse 8 Azan 1947
8999 E,6 Ch.,16x15 Exc. Alc. & Bouin C-P Sagittal 8 Azan 1952
9695 E,8.5 ? 1955 Not cut
Abbreviations
  • Size - E. is the greatest length of the embryo and Ch. is the mean diameter of the chorion.
  • Grade - total grade of the specimen and includes both its original quality and the condition of the mounted sections.
  • Embedding medium - paraffin (P) or a combination of celloidin and paraffin (C-P).
  • Fixative - formalin (Formol), alcohol and formalin (Alc, formol), Bouin (Bouin solution)
  • Stain -
  • ? - unknown or not determined.
iBook - Carnegie Embryos  
link=http://itunes.apple.com/au/book/the-carnegie-staged-embryos/id510004473?mt=11 iTunes link
  • iTunes link | iBook Store
  • Description - Imagine the excitement of seeing this incredible early period of human development for the first time. Now consider that much of our initial understanding of human development is based upon study of historic embryo collections. You can now look at these historic images of the first 8 weeks after fertilisation and explore for yourself the changes that occur in human development during this key period. This current book is designed as an atlas of the Carnegie embryo stages with some brief notes and additional information covering the first 8 weeks of development. These images are from from the beginning of last century and are one of the earliest documented series of human embryos collected for basic research and medical education on development. I hope you enjoy learning about the amazing early events that begin to make and shape us. This is the second book in a series of educational releases from UNSW Embryology.
  • Release: First Edition - Mar 12, 2012 ISBN 978-0-7334-3148-7 Print Length 82 Pages, 25.8 MB Language English.
  • PDF Preview version 3.87 MB (Read the associated information, this is an edited educational preview version with many features not functioning).
  • The current website also includes numerous embryo images from this textbook (see Embryonic Development and Carnegie Embryos).

Hinrichsen Collection

Hinrichsen collection Human Embryo ME52 (stage14) CRL 6.6 mm. Embryo right lateral view.

ME52 001.jpg

ME52 002.jpg

Image source: The Hinrichsen Collection images are reproduced with the permission of Prof. Beate Brand-Saberi, Head, Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum. Images are for educational purposes only and cannot be reproduced electronically or in writing without permission.


Embryo ME65 Carnegie stage 14, CRL 6.2 mm, Transverse Heart, (Semi-thin sections, Stain toluidine blue, total slides 37).


Digital Embryology Consortium - Hinrichsen Collection


Image source: The Hinrichsen Collection images are reproduced with the permission of Prof. Beate Brand-Saberi, Head, Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum. Images are for educational purposes only and cannot be reproduced electronically or in writing without permission.

Stage 14 Embryo Movie

Stage14modelicon.jpg
 ‎‎Stage 14 Model
Page | Play


Events

  • hearing - otic vesicle ventral portion elongates to form the cochlear duct and endolymphatic appendage becomes tapered.[1]
  • vision - (about 32 days) the lens placode is indented by the lens pit, cup-shaped and still communicates with the surface by a narrowing pore.[2]
  • Cardiovascular
  • endocrine[5]
    • pituitary - craniopharyngeal pouch is prominent[1]) and the notochord appears to be inserted into its dorsal wall. The craniopharyngeal pouch has become elongated and blood vessels are beginning to grow in between the basement membranes of the pouch and brain (O'Rahilly 1973a).
    • Epiphysis - a slight irregularity in the surface outline of the intact head corresponds to the future pineal body (O'Rahilly et al. 1982).
    • thymus - Weller's (1933) "thymus" (the third pharyngeal pouch) becomes elongated.[6]
    • parathyroid - "Parathyrogenic zones" (Politzer and Hann 1935) are recognizable (Streeter 1945). The parathyroid 4 primordium has been illustrated at this stage by Weller (Fig. 16)[6].
    • thyroid - thyroid pedicle shows further elongation but is still connected to the epithelium of the pharynx.[6] Right and left lobes and an isthmus may perhaps be presaged (ibid.).
    • adrenal cortex - A change in the characteristics of the cells of the coelomic epithelium appears between the mesogastrium and the lateral end of the mesonephros.[7]
    • adrenal medulla - paravertebral sympathetic ganglia increase in size as a result of cell division and the addition of nerve fibres from the rami communicantes. The ganglia contain three types of cells: MI, M2, and M3. The M3 cells are the" parasympathetic cells" of Zuckerkandl.[7]
    • pancreas - ventral pancreas (which may perhaps be distinguishable as early as stage 13) appears as an evagination from the bile duct at stages 14[8]( and 15.[9]. It is generally described as unpaired but, at least in some cases, may perhaps be bilobed[10] or even multiple.[11]
  • meninges (spinal cord) - xiii and xiv (embryos of 4 to 8 mm.), advances are particularly evident in the vertebral rudiments and in the spinal ganglia, with the latter starting their migration ventrad. The vascularization of the tissues directly adjacent to the neural tube has continued, and endothelium-lined channels are beginning to form in the older embryos.[12]
  • genital
  • limb - neural upper limb nerves (C5-T1) unite to form the nascent brachial plexus.[14]


References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Streeter GL. Developmental horizons in human embryos. Description of age group XIII, embryos about 4 or 5 millimeters long, and age group XIV, period of indentation of the lens vesicle. (1945) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 557, Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash., 31: 27-63.
  2. ↑ Pearson AA. (1980). The development of the eyelids. Part I. External features. J. Anat. , 130, 33-42. PMID: 7364662
  3. ↑ Hutchins GM, Kessler-Hanna A & Moore GW. (1988). Development of the coronary arteries in the embryonic human heart. Circulation , 77, 1250-7. PMID: 3286038
  4. ↑ Menshawi K, Mohr JP & Gutierrez J. (2015). A Functional Perspective on the Embryology and Anatomy of the Cerebral Blood Supply. J Stroke , 17, 144-58. PMID: 26060802 DOI.
  5. ↑ O'Rahilly R. The timing and sequence of events in the development of the human endocrine system during the embryonic period proper. (1983) Anat. Embryol., 166: 439-451. PMID 6869855
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Weller GL. Development of the thyroid, parathyroid and thymus glands in man. (1933) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 24: 93-139.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Crowder RE. The development of the adrenal gland in man, with special reference to origin and ultimate location of cell types and evidence in favor of the "cell migration" theory. (1957) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 36, 193-210.
  8. ↑ Blechschmidt E. Die prdnatalen Organsysteme des Menschen. (1973) Hippokrates, Stuttgart.
  9. ↑ Streeter GL. Developmental horizons in human embryos. Description of age groups XV, XVI, XVII, and XVIII, being the third issue of a survey of the Carnegie collection. (1948) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 575, 32: 133-203.
  10. ↑ Odgers PN. Some observations on the development of the ventral pancreas in man. (1930) J. Anat., 65(1): 1-7. PMID 17104298
  11. ↑ Delmas A. Les ebauches pancre'atiques dorsales et ventrales. Leurs rapports dans la constitution du pancreas definitif (Dorsal and ventral pancreatic outlines. Their relations in the constitution of the final pancreas). (1939) Ann. Anat. pathol, 16: 253-266.
  12. ↑ Sensenig EC. The early development of the meninges of the spinal cord in human embryos. (1951) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 611.
  13. ↑ Witschi E. Migration of the germ cells of human embryos from the yolk sac to the primitive gonadal folds. (1948) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 575, Contrib. Embryol., 32: 67-80.
  14. ↑ Shinohara H. Naora H. Hashimoto R. Hatta T. and Tanaka O. Development of the innervation pattern in the upper limb of staged human embryos. (1990) Acta Anat (Basel) 138: 265-269. PMID 2389673

Additional Images

Heart

  • Heart
  • fig 7a Human CS 14 heart

    fig 7a Human CS 14 heart

  • fig 7b Human CS 14 heart

    fig 7b Human CS 14 heart

  • fig 13b Human CS 14 heart septum primum

    fig 13b Human CS 14 heart septum primum

  • EFIC outflow tract PMID 27587491

    EFIC outflow tract PMID 27587491

  • EFIC - OFT RA RV PMID 27587491

    EFIC - OFT RA RV PMID 27587491

  • EFIC - OFT RA LA PMID 27587491

    EFIC - OFT RA LA PMID 27587491

  • MRI Heart PMID 23755108

    MRI Heart PMID 23755108


Various

  • Stage 14 compare size to Stage 23

    Stage 14 compare size to Stage 23

  • Stage 14 Optical Projection Tomography

    Stage 14 Optical Projection Tomography

  • External ear Stages 14-23 and adult

    External ear Stages 14-23 and adult

Historic

Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages 
Mark Hill.jpg
Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding.     (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers)
  • 1907 Kollmann 37 somites

    1907 Kollmann 37 somites

  • 1921 Bailey 7mm embryo 27 somite

    1921 Bailey 7mm embryo 27 somite

  • 1922 Streeter Embryo No. 1380

    1922 Streeter Embryo No. 1380

Carnegie Stages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | About Stages | Timeline

Image Source: Scanning electron micrographs of the Carnegie stages of the early human embryos are reproduced with the permission of Prof Kathy Sulik, from embryos collected by Dr. Vekemans and Tania Attié-Bitach. Images are for educational purposes only and cannot be reproduced electronically or in writing without permission.

Embryonic Development


Image source: The Kyoto Collection images are reproduced with the permission of Prof. Kohei Shiota and Prof. Shigehito Yamada, Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan for educational purposes only and cannot be reproduced electronically or in writing without permission.


Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2023, December 1) Embryology Carnegie stage 14. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Carnegie_stage_14

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