BGDA Practical 7 - Week 6: Difference between revisions
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* By week 6 the upper limb bud has grown to the point where the primitive hand appears as a "paddle-like" structure at the end of an externally visible undifferentiated limb bud. | * By week 6 the upper limb bud has grown to the point where the primitive hand appears as a "paddle-like" structure at the end of an externally visible undifferentiated limb bud. | ||
* Within this primitive hand the beginning of the fingers can be seen as "digital rays". | * Within this primitive hand the beginning of the fingers can be seen as "digital rays". Cell between the digits will die by a process called apoptosis (programmed cell death). | ||
** [[Developmental Mechanism - Apoptosis]] | |||
* The lower limb bud appears less developed at each embryo stage. Features that appear on the upper limb appear on the lower limb about 2 days later. | * The lower limb bud appears less developed at each embryo stage. Features that appear on the upper limb appear on the lower limb about 2 days later. | ||
* Upper limb bud nerves (median nerve, radial nerve and ulnar nerve) entered into hand plate. | * Upper limb bud nerves (median nerve, radial nerve and ulnar nerve) entered into hand plate. |
Revision as of 11:02, 18 May 2015
Introduction
Practical 6: Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Week 8 |
Key Events of Human Development during the sixth week (week 6) following fertilization or clinical GA week 8.
There are 2 Carnegie stages that show external embryo development during this week.
Limb Development
- By week 6 the upper limb bud has grown to the point where the primitive hand appears as a "paddle-like" structure at the end of an externally visible undifferentiated limb bud.
- Within this primitive hand the beginning of the fingers can be seen as "digital rays". Cell between the digits will die by a process called apoptosis (programmed cell death).
- The lower limb bud appears less developed at each embryo stage. Features that appear on the upper limb appear on the lower limb about 2 days later.
- Upper limb bud nerves (median nerve, radial nerve and ulnar nerve) entered into hand plate.
- Myoblasts spindle shaped and oriented parallel to limb bud axis.
- See additional information Mouse limb development
Note - Overall limb development will be covered in the week 8 section.
Face Development
- During week 6 there is fusion of the upper lip.
- Formed by the maxillary prominences of of the first pharyngeal arch and the frontonasal prominence.
- Failure of this embryonic process leads to cleft lip, this will be covered in more detail in BGDB.
Cardiovascular Development
Outflow Tract SeptationThe fused endocardial cushions are shown and the animation shows the growth of the spiral membranous septa that divide the single outflow tract into aortic and pulmonary outflows from the heart. Note the spiral nature of this septation process "swaps" the left/right ventricle to vessels anatomical relationship. Abnormalities in this process contribute to ventricular septal defects. |
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Endocrine Development
These organs mainly develop in the embryonic period and function in the fetal period. (Covered in next practical)
- Thyroid - develops from thyroid median endodermal thickening in the floor of pharynx outpouch – thyroid diverticulum (day 24), functions from week 10
- Pituitary - develops from surface (anterior) and neural tube (posterior) ectoderm, connecting stalk between pouch and oral cavity degenerates
- Parathyroid - develop from endoderm of pharyngeal pouches, diverticulum elongate, hollow then solid, dorsal cell proliferation
- Thymus - develops from 2 origins for lymphoid thymocytes and thymic epithelial cells, diverticulum elongate, hollow then solid, ventral cell proliferation
- Adrenal - develops from 2 origins adrenal medulla (neural crest) and fetal cortex (surrounding mesenchyme), fetal cortex forms from mesothelium adjacent to dorsal mesentery, medulla neural crest cells from adjacent sympathetic ganglia
- Gonad - develops from 2 origins, germ cells migrate into the genital ridge (mesothelium and underlying mesenchyme)
- Links: Endocrine System Development
Sex Determination
At an earlier stage during week 4, the primordial germ cells began their migration into the region where the gonads will eventually form, the genital ridge, see this migration in the mouse.
Genital Ridge (Week 4)
- Humans (week 5-6), these germ cells do not determine sex, it is the support cells regulated by the presence of an X or Y chromosome.
- germ cells migrate into gonadal ridge
- Gonads (male - testis, female - ovary) identical at this stage, termed "indifferent"
Note - Sex determination and development will be covered in detail in BGDB.
Practical 6: Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Week 8 |
Additional Information
Additional Information - Content shown under this heading is not part of the material covered in this class. It is provided for those students who would like to know about some concepts or current research in topics related to the current class page. |
Limb Development
Mouse Limb Tissue Development[1]
Carnegie | Stage | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Human | Days | 1 | 2-3 | 4-5 | 5-6 | 7-12 | 13-15 | 15-17 | 17-19 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 28 | 30 | 33 | 36 | 40 | 42 | 44 | 48 | 52 | 54 | 55 | 58 |
Mouse | Days | 1 | 2 | 3 | E4.5 | E5.0 | E6.0 | E7.0 | E8.0 | E9.0 | E9.5 | E10 | E10.5 | E11 | E11.5 | E12 | E12.5 | E13 | E13.5 | E14 | E14.5 | E15 | E15.5 | E16 |
Rat | Days | 1 | 3.5 | 4-5 | 5 | 6 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 9 | 10.5 | 11 | 11.5 | 12 | 12.5 | 13 | 13.5 | 14 | 14.5 | 15 | 15.5 | 16 | 16.5 | 17 | 17.5 |
Note these Carnegie stages are only approximate day timings for average of embryos. Links: Carnegie Stage Comparison | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Endocrine Development
Embryo Stages and Events
Timeline
Event | ||
Pituitary - Week 6 connecting stalk between pouch and oral cavity degenerates
Parathyroid - Week 6 diverticulum elongate, hollow then solid, dorsal cell proliferation Thymus - Week 6 diverticulum elongate, hollow then solid, ventral cell proliferation Adrenal - Week 6 fetal cortex forms from mesothelium adjacent to dorsal mesentery, medulla neural crest cells from adjacent sympathetic ganglia Respire - Week 6 - descent of heart and lungs into thorax. Pleuroperitoneal foramen closes Tongue Week 6 - gustatory papilla, caudal midline near the foramen caecum (week 6 to 7 - nerve fibers approach the lingual epithelium) | ||
Stage 16 | Neural - first parasympathetic ganglia, submandibular and ciliary, are identifiable[2]
Limbs upper limb bud nerves median nerve, radial nerve and ulnar nerve entered into hand plate, myoblasts spindle shaped and oriented parallel to limb bud axis. Heart - outflow tract elliptical configuration with four cushions, the two larger fusing at this stage. Semilunar valve leaflets form at the downstream end of the cushions Head lip and palate components of the upper lip, medial nasal prominence and maxillary process present, median palatine process appears. | |
Stage 17 |
Neural - telencephalon areas of the future archicortex, paleocortex, and neocortex, visible. Beginning of future choroid plexus[3] Sense - Smell olfactory nerve fibres enter the brain[4] Neural - primordium of the epidural space appears first on the ventral part of the vertebral canal and develops rostro-caudally[5] | |
Heart - separation of common cardiac outflow (aortic arch and pulmonary aorta) |
References
BGDA: Lecture 1 | Lecture 2 | Practical 3 | Practical 6 | Practical 12 | Lecture Neural | Practical 14 | Histology Support - Female | Male | Tutorial
Glossary Links
- Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 28) Embryology BGDA Practical 7 - Week 6. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/BGDA_Practical_7_-_Week_6
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G