Rat Development: Difference between revisions

From Embryology
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The table below gives an approximate comparison of human, mouse and rat embryos based upon Carnegie staging.
The table below gives an approximate comparison of human, mouse and rat embryos based upon Carnegie staging.


{| class="prettytable"
{{CarnegieComparisonHRM}}
 
|-bgcolor= "lightsteelblue"
| Species
| '''Stage'''
| <center>'''9''' </center>
| <center>'''10''' </center>
| <center>'''11''' </center>
| <center>'''12''' </center>
| <center>'''13''' </center>
| <center>'''14''' </center>
| <center>'''15''' </center>
| <center>'''16''' </center>
| <center>'''17''' </center>
| <center>'''18''' </center>
| <center>'''19''' </center>
| <center>'''20''' </center>
| <center>'''21''' </center>
| <center>'''22''' </center>
| <center>'''23''' </center>
 
|-
| [[Embryonic Development|Human]] <ref><pubmed>400868</pubmed></ref>
| Days
| 20
| 22
| 24
| 28
| 30
| 33
| 36
| 40
| 42
| 44
| 48
| 52
| 54
| 55
| 58
 
|-
| [[Mouse Development|Mouse]] <ref name="The House Mouse">The House Mouse: Atlas of Mouse Development''' by Theiler Springer-Verlag, NY (1972, 1989). | [http://genex.hgu.mrc.ac.uk/Atlas/Theiler_book_download.html online book]</ref>
| Days
| 9
| 9.5
| 10
| 10.5
| 11
| 11.5
| 12
| 12.5
| 13
| 13.5
| 14
| 14.5
| 15
| 15.5
| 16
 
|-
| [[Rat Development|Rat]] <ref name="Witschi 1962">Witschi, E. (1962) Development: Rat. In: '''Growth Including Reproduction and Morphological Development.''' Altman, P. L. , and D. S. Dittmer, ed. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol., Washington DC, pp. 304-314.</ref>
| Days
| 10.5
| 11
| 11.5
| 12
| 12.5
| 13
| 13.5
| 14
| 14.5
| 15
| 15.5
| 16
| 16.5
| 17
| 17.5
 
|}


:'''Links:''' [[Carnegie Stage Comparison]]
:'''Links:''' [[Carnegie Stage Comparison]]

Revision as of 14:08, 7 September 2011

Introduction

Rat.jpg

Rats (taxon - rattus) are readily available as inbred, outbred and mutant strains. They have been generally beaten as a model by their rodent mice brethren, as the molecular tools that became available (stem cells, knockout genes, etc).


Rat embryos do have the advantage of being much larger than mouse embryos and easy to breed. Another advantage of rats is in vision development studies, as that retinal development continues postnatally (most vertebrate neurological systems are difficult to access during periods of development). Rat development is also generally 1 day behind that of mouse. (The table below gives details relating to the staging of rat development). Below this are a list of internet resources relating to the rat.

rat | original Rat page

Some Recent Findings

  • Generation of germline-competent rat induced pluripotent stem cells [1] "Our data clearly demonstrate that using only three reprogramming factors (Oct3/4, Klf4, and Sox2) rat somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a ground state. Our generated riPSCs exhibited germline transmission in either rat-rat intraspecific or mouse-rat interspecific chimeras."
  • Comparison of staging systems for the gastrulation and early neurulation period in rodents[2]"Because there is no standard developmental staging system for the early postimplantation period of rodent embryos, investigators must now choose between a variety of systems that differ significantly. We have reviewed many of these staging systems and have summarized the ambiguities within them and the inconsistencies among them. In order to compare systems, we first obtained a consensus of the order of developmental events from the literature, and then attempted to fit existing systems into this order taking into account inconsistencies in terminology and blurred borderlines between stages."

Species Stages Comparison

The table below gives an approximate comparison of human, mouse and rat embryos based upon Carnegie staging.

Species Embryonic Comparison Timeline
Carnegie Stage
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Human Days 1 2-3 4-5 5-6 7-12 13-15 15-17 17-19 20 22 24 28 30 33 36 40 42 44 48 52 54 55 58
Mouse Days 1 2 3 E4.5 E5.0 E6.0 E7.0 E8.0 E9.0 E9.5 E10 E10.5 E11 E11.5 E12 E12.5 E13 E13.5 E14 E14.5 E15 E15.5 E16
Rat Days 1 3.5 4-5 5 6 7.5 8.5 9 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5
Note these Carnegie stages are only approximate day timings for average of embryos. Links: Carnegie Stage Comparison
Table References  
Human

O'Rahilly R. (1979). Early human development and the chief sources of information on staged human embryos. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. , 9, 273-80. PMID: 400868
Otis EM and Brent R. Equivalent ages in mouse and human embryos. (1954) Anat Rec. 120(1):33-63. PMID 13207763

Mouse
Theiler K. The House Mouse: Atlas of Mouse Development (1972, 1989) Springer-Verlag, NY. Online
OTIS EM & BRENT R. (1954). Equivalent ages in mouse and human embryos. Anat. Rec. , 120, 33-63. PMID: 13207763

Rat
Witschi E. Rat Development. In: Growth Including Reproduction and Morphological Development. (1962) Altman PL. and Dittmer DS. ed. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol., Washington DC, pp. 304-314.
Pérez-Cano FJ, Franch À, Castellote C & Castell M. (2012). The suckling rat as a model for immunonutrition studies in early life. Clin. Dev. Immunol. , 2012, 537310. PMID: 22899949 DOI.

Links: Carnegie Stage Comparison

Adrenal and Gonad Development

Adrenal and gonad steroidogenic factor 1 expression.jpg

Adrenal and gonad steroidogenic factor 1 expression[3]

References

  1. ↑ <pubmed>21789202</pubmed>| PLoS ONE
  2. ↑ <pubmed>1440421</pubmed>
  3. ↑ <pubmed>14594453</pubmed>| Nucl Recept.

Reviews

Articles

<pubmed>20224168</pubmed> <pubmed>20158911</pubmed> <pubmed>20052412</pubmed>

Search PubMed

Search Pubmed: Rat Development

Additional Images

  • Reconstructed early rat embryos

    Reconstructed early rat embryos

  • Rat hindbrain E11.5, down-regulated genes and Pax6

    Rat hindbrain E11.5, down-regulated genes and Pax6

  • Rat thyroid system and neural development

    Rat thyroid system and neural development

Historic Images

  • Bailey Fig. 6. Schematic outline of spermatogenesis in the rat

    Bailey Fig. 6. Schematic outline of spermatogenesis in the rat

  • Bailey Fig. 53. Four stages in the cleavage of the ovum of the white rat

    Bailey Fig. 53. Four stages in the cleavage of the ovum of the white rat

  • Bailey Fig. 56. Sections of blastocysts of the white rat, 5 days after insemination

    Bailey Fig. 56. Sections of blastocysts of the white rat, 5 days after insemination

  • Bailey Fig. 61. Sections of blastocysts of the white rat

    Bailey Fig. 61. Sections of blastocysts of the white rat

  • Bailey Fig. 62. Cross sections of an egg-cylinder of the white rat, 8 days and 17 hours after insemination

    Bailey Fig. 62. Cross sections of an egg-cylinder of the white rat, 8 days and 17 hours after insemination

  • Bailey Fig. 63 Cross sections of egg-cylinders of the white rat

    Bailey Fig. 63 Cross sections of egg-cylinders of the white rat

  • Bailey Fig. 295. Ventral view of parts of the lungs, pleural cavities, peritoneal cavity, and the pleuro-peritoneal membranes in a rat embryo

    Bailey Fig. 295. Ventral view of parts of the lungs, pleural cavities, peritoneal cavity, and the pleuro-peritoneal membranes in a rat embryo


Links: Bailey, F.R. and Miller, A.M. (1921)

External Links

External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.

  • Rat Genome Database RGD <pubmed>17151068</pubmed>
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2026, September 14) Embryology Rat Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Rat_Development

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