Historic Embryology Papers

Embryology - 12 May 2024        Expand to Translate
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Introduction

These notes are intended to give some historic background to Embryology. Historically, say pre-20th century, Embryology was not easily separated from Medicine, Anatomy and Physiology and other biological sciences.

This page also links to full versions of some historic embryology papers.

Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages

Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding.     (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers)

Students by definition are learning about a topic, so it would seem contrary to the function of an educational site to include information that may be either incorrect or inaccurate. On the other hand, I think it is also important to understand how we achieved our current understanding of embryology and the researchers, discoverers and educators who have made important contributions. I therefore offer the following student study suggestions: Beginner | Intermediate | Advanced

Beginner students

You are just starting your studies and trying to understand basic embryology and development concepts.

Should probably avoid any content on the site labeled "Historic". The content may confuse or mislead your understanding of basic concepts in embryology and development. Begin with the notes pages linked from the image on the Main Page, or from the Site Map (excluding the history section of site).

Also be careful when viewing images and descriptions that appear as "additional images" or when using the "category" links at the bottom of pages.

Intermediate students

You have a general understanding of embryology and development concepts.

This means you have attended some lectures and practical classes, worked through some of the site notes pages, or studied an embryology textbook. I would still suggest caution when approaching historic material, be sure that you understand the current embryology theories. General observations of how long development takes and the appearance of the human and animal models embryos at different times will not have changed!

Historic images are generally more accurate than some of the accompanying notes pages where the images appear. Some of the labeled structures may have historic names that have been updated or changed in current descriptions, if in doubt use the Glossary. You may also note how many of the textbook images have been based upon some of these historic drawing.

Advanced students

You have a good understanding of embryology and development concepts.

This means that you not only understand, but can also explain clearly to others key developmental concepts. This also implies you understand the differences between recent findings, current controversies and research directions. Now is the time to confidently look back through the historic materials.

These historic materials will provide a context of how we arrived at our current understanding. Importantly, note the date on the page and consider what scientific techniques were available at that time and concurrent discoveries in biology and science.

How will I know that I am an advanced student? You should be able to identify concepts that remain and are applied today as well as those which have been updated or proved to be incorrect. Please also feel free to contact me with mistakes you have identified on this educational site.

Historic Paper Links: 13-14 Somites | 22 Somites | 23 Somites | 25 Somites | 27 Somites | Mall Human Embryo Collection | Embryology History | Carnegie stage 11 | Carnegie stage 12 | Journal of Anatomy | Embryonic Development | Category:Historic Embryology

1800's

• 1866 - Down JLH. Observations on an ethnic classification of idiots. (1866) London Hospital Reports, 3:259-262.
• 1867 - Braune, Wilhelm (1831-1892): Topographisch-anatomischer Atlas : nach Durchschnitten an gefrornen Cadavern, Leipzig: Verlag von Veit & Comp., 1867-1872. (Topographic-anatomical Atlas)
• 1879 - The Morphology of the Vertebrate Olfactory Organ.
• 1880 - image excerpts from a historic study of German embryologist Wilhelm His (1831-1904) Anatomie menschlicher Embryonen (1880).
• 1883 - Michael Foster - The History of the Chick
• 1887 - Caldwell WH. The Embryology of Monotremata and Marsupialia Part I.
• 1889 - Minot C. Uterus And Embryo - I. Rabbit II. Man
• 1891 - Mall FP. A human embryo twenty-six days old. (1891) J Morphol. 5: 459-480.
• 1892 - Hertwig O. Text-book of the embryology of man and mammals. (1892) Translated 1901 by Mark EL. from 3rd German Edition. S. Sonnenschein, London.
• 1897 - His W. Address upon the development of the brain. (1897) Trans. Royal Acad. Medicine Ireland.
• 1899 - Buxton BH. Photographs of a series of sections of an early human embryo. (1899) J Anat Physiol. 33(3): 381-384 PMID 17232381

Links: Category:1800's

1900's

• 1902 - Sudler MT. The development of the nose and of the pharynx and its derivatives in man. (1902) Amer. J Anat. 1:391–416.
• 1904 - Whitehead RH. The embryonic development of the interstitial cells of Leydig. (1904) Amer. J Anat. 3:167-182.
• 1905 - Mall FP. On the development of the blood-vessels of the brain in the human embryo. (1905) Amer. J Anat. 4(1): 1–18.
• 1905 - Minot CS. The Harvard embryological collection. (1905) J Med Res. Aug;13(5):499-522.PMID 19971684 | PDF
• 1905 - Streeter GL. The development of the cranial and spinal nerves in the occipital region of the human embryo. (1905) Amer. J Anat. 4(1):83–116.

1906

• Mall FP. On ossification centers in human embryos less than one hundred days old. (1906) Amer. J Anat. 5:433-458.
• Mall FP. A study of the structural unit of the liver. (1906) Amer. J Anat. 5:227-308.
• Bremer JL. Description of a 4-mm human embryo. (1906) Amer. J Anat. 5: 459-480.
• Brown EJ. The embryology anatomy and histology of the eye. (1906) Chicago: Hazlitt & Walker.
• Streeter GL. On the development of the membranous labyrinth and the acoustic and facial nerves in the human embryo. (1906) Amer. J Anat. 6:139-165.
• Gray AA. Observations on the labyrinth of certain animals. (1906) Proc. Royal Society of London. Series B. 78(525):284–296.
• Bardeen CR. Development and variation of the nerves and the musculature of the inferior extremity and of the neighboring regions of the trunk in man. (1906) Amer. J Anat. 6:259–390.
• Fawcett E. On the development, ossification, and growth of the palate bone of man. (1906) J Anat Physiol., 40(4);400-6. PMID 17232695 | PMC1287457

• 1907 - Thompson P. Description of a human embryo of twenty-three paired somites. (1907) J Anat Physiol, 41(3):159-71. PMID 17232726

1908

• Bardeen CR. Vertebral regional determination in young human embryos. (1908) Amer. J Anat. 2: 99 - 105.
• Ingalls NW. A contribution to the embryology of the liver and vascular system in man. (1908) Anat. Rec. 2: 338–344.
• Low A. Description of a human embryo of 13-14 mesodermic somites. (1908) J Anat Physiol. 42(3): 237-51. PMID 17232769 | PMC1289161
• Thompson P. A note on the development of the septum transversum and the liver. (1908) J Anat Physiol. 42(2): 170-5. PMID 17232762
• Thyng FW. Models of the pancreas in embryos of the pig, rabbit, cat, and man. (1908) Amer. J Anat. 7(4): 489–503.
• Streeter GL. The peripheral nervous system in the human embryo at the end of the first month (10 mm) (1908) Amer. J Anat. 8(1): 285–302.
• Streeter GL. The nuclei of origin of the cranial nerves in the 10 mm human embryo. (1908) Amer. J Anat. 2:111 - 115.
• Williams LW. The later development of the notochord in mammals. (1908) J. Anat. 8:251-284.

Links: Category:1900's

1910's

• 1910 - Dandy WE. A human embryo with seven pairs of somites measuring about 2 mm in length. (1910) Amer. J Anat. 10: 85-109.
• 1910 - Fawcett E. Description of a reconstruction of the head of a thirty-millimetre embryo. (1910) J Anat. Physiol. 44(4): 303-11.
• 1910 - Fawcett E. Notes on the development of the human sphenoid. (1910) J Anat. Physiol. 44(3): 207-22. PMID 17232842

• 1911 - Mall FP. Report upon the collection of human embryos at the Johns Hopkins University. (1911) Anat. Rec. 5(7): 343–357.
• 1912 - Mall FP. On the development of the human heart. (1912) Amer. J Anat. 13: 249-298.
• 1913 - Template:Ref-Wallin1911

1914

• Amin M. The course of the phrenic nerve in the embryo. (1914) J Anat Physiol. 48(2): 215-8. PMID 17232992Amin M. The Course of the Phrenic Nerve in the Embryo. PMID 17232992
• Bardeen CR. The critical period in the development of the intestines. (1914) Amer. J Anat. 16: 427 – 445.Bardeen CR. The Critical Period in the Development of the Intestines (1914) Amer. J of Anatomy. 16: 427 – 445.
• Barniville HL. The morphology and histology of a human embryo of 8.5 mm. (1914) J Anat. Physiol. 49(1):1-71. PMID 17233012Barniville HL. The Morphology and Histology of a Human Embryo of 8.5 mm. J Anat Physiol. 1914 Oct;49(Pt 1):1-71. PMID 17233012
• Blaisdell FE. Measurements on a human embryo 30 mm long. (1914) J Anat Physiol., 48(2): 182-209. PMID 17232990Blaisdell FE. Measurements on a Human Embryo 30 mm Long. J Anat Physiol. 1914 Jan;48(Pt 2):182-209. PMID 17232990
• Bremer JL. The earliest blood-vessels in man. (1914) Amer. J Anat. 16(4): 447-475.Bremer, JL. The Earliest Blood-Vessels in Man. (1914) Amer. J. Anat.
• Dickie JK. The anatomy of the head end of a 20 mm human embryo. (1914) J Anat Physiol., 48(4): 445-60. PMID 17233010 Dickie JK. The Anatomy of the Head End of a 20 mm Human Embryo. J Anat Physiol. 1914 Jul;48(Pt 4):445-60. PMID 17233010
• Thyng FW. The anatomy of a 17.8 mm human embryo. (1914) Amer. J Anat. 17: 31-112.Thyng, FW. The Anatomy of a 17.8 mm Human Embryo Amer. J. Anat, 17, 31-112.
• Waterston D. A very young human embryo found embedded in a "decidual cast" of the uterus. (1914) Proc R Soc Med., 7: 353-7. PMID 19978039Waterston D. A very Young Human Embryo found embedded in a "Decidual Cast" of the Uterus.
• Template:Ref-Waterston1914somies27Waterston D. A Human Embryo of Twenty-seven Pairs of Somites
• Wilson JT. Observations upon young human embryos. (1914) J Anat Physiol., 48(3): 315-51 PMID 17233002 PMC1288949Wilson JT. Observations upon Young Human Embryos

• 1915 - Waterston D. Developmental Changes in the Pericardium, the Mesocardia, and the Pleural Sacs in the Human Embryo. J Anat Physiol. 1915 Oct;50(Pt 1):24-9. PMID 17233049
• 1916 - Watt. HJ. The Typical Form of the Cochlea and its Variations
• 1916 - Frazer JE. The Formation of the Pars Membranacea Septi PMID 17103800
• 1917 - Streeter GL. The Development of the Scala Tympani, Scala Vestibuli and Perioticular Cistern in the Human Embryo
• 1917 - Streeter GL. The Factors Involved in the Excavation of the Cavities in the Cartilaginous Capsule of the Ear in the Human Embryo
• 1917 - Mall FP. On the Frequency of Localized Anomalies in Human Embryos and Infants at Birth
• 1918 - Mall FP. On The Age Of Human Embryos
• 1918 - Henry Gray Anatomy of the Human Body.
• 1918 - Jordan HE. A study of a 7 mm human embryo; with special reference to its peculiar spirally twisted form, and its large aortic cell-clusters 14(7): 479-492.
• 1918 - Streeter GL. The histogenesis and growth of the otic capsule and its contained periotic tissue-spaces in the human embryo.
• 1919 - Streeter GL. Factors Involved In The Formation Of The Filum Terminale
• 1919 - Thomson, A. The Maturation of the Human Ovum. J Anat. 1919 Apr;53(Pt 2-3):172-208.5. PMID 17103860

Links: Category:1910's

1920's

• 1920 - Bradley M. Patten textbook on The Early Embryology of the Chick.

1921

• Bailey, F.R. and Miller, A.M. Text-Book of Embryology.
• Frazer JE. Report on an Anencephalic Embryo PMID 17103933
• Meyer, AW. Retrogressive Changes in the Fetal Vessels and the Suspensory Ligament of the Liver
• Mall, FP. and Meyer, AW. Studies on abortuses: a survey of pathologic ova in the Carnegie Embryological Collection.
• Spaulding, MH. The Development of the External Genitalia in the Human Embryo.
• Streeter, GL. The Developmental Alterations in the Vascular System of the Brain of the Human Embryo.

• 1922 - Bartelmez GW. The Origin of the Otic and Optic Primordia in Man (1922) J. Comp. Neurol, 34, 201-232.
• Thompson P. and Brash JC. A human embryo with head-process and commencing arch enteric canal. (1923) J Anat. 58: 1-20. PMID 17103992
• 1926 - Girgis A. Description of a Human Embryo of Twenty-two paired Somites PMID 17104111
• 1926 - Frazer, JE. The Disappearance of the Precervical Sinus.
• 1927 - The Internal Genital Organs of a Female Foetus of 15 cm Length
• 1928 - Wen, IC. The anatomy of human embryos with seventeen to twenty-three pairs of somites

Links: Category:1920's

1930's

• 1930 Odgers PNB. Some Observations on the Development of the Ventral Pancreas in Man
• 1930 Florian, J. The Formation of the Connecting Stalk and the Extension of the Amniotic Cavity towards the Tissue of the Connecting Stalk in Young Human Embryos
• 1931 - Hill, J. P., and Florian, J. 1931a. The Development of Head-Process and Prochordal Plate in Man J Anat. 1931 Jan;65(Pt 2):242-6. PMID 17104317
• 1931 - Hill, J. P., and Florian, J. 1931b. A Young Human Embryo (Embryo Dobbin) with Head-Process and Prochordal Plate. Phil. Tran. Roy. Soc. London B, 219, 443-486.
• 1931 - Hill, J. P., and Florian, J. 1931c. Further note on the pro-chordal plate in man. J. Anat., 46, 46-47. PMID 17104356
• 1932 - Cooper, ERA. The Human Pineal Gland and Pineal Cysts
• 1933 - The Early Development of Man, with Special Reference to the Development of the Mesoderm and Cloacal Membrane.
• 1933 - Papanicolaou GN. The Sexual Cycle in the Human Female as revealed by Vaginal Smears. Am J Anat. 1933;52: 519–637.

• 1935 - An Early Human Embryo (No. 1285, Manchester Collection), with Capsular Attachment of the Connecting Stalk
• 1935 - The Terminal Part of the Wolffian Duct
• 1935 - Pincus G. and Enzmann EV. The Comparative Behavior of Mammalian Eggs in Vivo and in Vitro.
• 1937 - West C.M. A Human Embryo of Twenty-five Somites
• 1937 - An Early Human Ovum (Thomson) in situ
• 1937 - Wyburn GM. The Development of the Infra-Umbilical Portion of the Abdominal Wall, with Remarks on the Aetiology of Ectopia Vesicae
• 1938 - Odgers PN. Paper - The Development of the Pars Membranacea Septi in the Human Heart. PMID 17104688
• 1939 - Wyburn GM. The formation of the umbilical cord and the umbilical region of the anterior abdominal wall.
• 1939 - Baxter JS. and Boyd JD. Observations on the Neural Crest of a Ten-Somite Human Embryo
• 1939 - Odgers PNB. The Development of the Atrio-Ventricular Valves in Man

Links: Category:1930's

1940's

• 1941 - Dible, JH and West CM. A Human Ovum at the Previllous Stage
• 1941 - Odgers PNB A presomite human embryo with a neurenteric canal (embryo R.S.)
• 1942 - Hamilton WJ. and Gladstone RJ. A presomite human embryo (Shaw) - the implantation. J. Anat.: 1942, 76(Pt 2);187-203 PMID 17104888
• 1943 - Noback CR. Some Gross Structural and Quantitative Aspects of the Developmental Anatomy of the Human Embryonic, Fetal and Circumnatal Skeleton
• 1943 - Wyndham NR. A morphological study of testicular descent
• 1944 - Hamilton WJ. Phases of Maturation and Fertilization in Human Ova
• 1945 - Hamilton WJ. Cleavage Stages of the Ova of the Horse, with Notes on Ovulation
• 1949 - Hamilton WJ. Early Stages of Human Development
• 1949 - Morton, WRM. Two early human embryos.

Links: Category:1940's

References

Articles

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 12) Embryology Historic Embryology Papers. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Historic_Embryology_Papers

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G