Abnormal Development - Toxoplasmosis
Introduction
The causal agent of Toxoplasmosis is the protist Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). This unicellular eukaryote is a member of the phylum Apicomplexa which includes other parasites responsible for a variety of diseases (malaria, cryptosporidiosis). The diagnosis and timing of an infection are diagnostically based on serological tests. During a period of acute maternal infection, transplacental transmission can occur, and the rate of congenital toxoplasmosis with risk for severe fetal varies from 15 to 68%, depending on gestational age and the transmission rate is highest in the later stages of pregnancy. The congenital disease is characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations (neurological, ophthalmological, and systemic involvement).
Toxoplasma gondii was initially described in 1908 in Tunis by Nicolle and Manceaux (1908) and in Brazil by Splendore (1908).[1] More recently, every 3 years experts from many areas meet at the "International Congress on Congenital Toxoplasmosis" (last held in 2010 Marseille France).
A recent survey identified a low infection knowledge among doctors and nurses providing prenatal care in an endemic region.[2]
Recent findings suggest that pre-pregnancy immunization against toxoplasmosis may not protect against reinfection by atypical strains.
Some Recent Findings
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Toxoplasmosis Lifecycle
Toxoplasma Tachyzoites
Ocular Toxoplasmosis
Clinical episodes of ocular toxoplasmosis can represent either acquire toxoplasmosis after birth or a reactivation of an infection that was acquired in utero.
Ocular toxoplasmosis is the commonest identifiable cause of posterior uveitis.
- Links: PubMed Health - Uveitis
References
- ↑ Weiss LM, Dubey JP. Toxoplasmosis: A history of clinical observations. Int J Parasitol. 2009 Jul 1;39(8):895-901. Epub 2009 Feb 13. Review. PMID: 19217908
- ↑ <pubmed>21747644</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>21762609</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>20476874</pubmed>
Reviews
<pubmed>18624630</pubmed> <pubmed>15194258</pubmed> <pubmed>12776962</pubmed> <pubmed>12150751</pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>21747644</pubmed>
Search Pubmed
Search Pubmed: Toxoplasmosis | Maternal Toxoplasmosis
External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
- NIH PubMed Health Toxoplasmosis
- ABC Radio The Health Report - Toxoplasmosis Broadcast Monday 30 April 2001
- Queensland Health Topic - Toxoplasmosis
- Cat World toxoplasmosis in cats
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 15) Embryology Abnormal Development - Toxoplasmosis. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Abnormal_Development_-_Toxoplasmosis
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G