Abnormal Development - Measles Virus: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
[[File:Measles_child_back_rash_day_3.jpg|thumb|Child with Measles back rash day 3(CDC)]] | [[File:Measles_child_back_rash_day_3.jpg|thumb|Child with Measles back rash day 3(CDC)]] | ||
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Pregnancy effects of measles results in a higher risk of premature labor, spontaneous abortion, low-birth-weight, and possibly rare cases of birth defects with no definable pattern of malformation.<ref><pubmed>12850161</pubmed></ref> | Pregnancy effects of measles results in a higher risk of premature labor, spontaneous abortion, low-birth-weight, and possibly rare cases of birth defects with no definable pattern of malformation.<ref><pubmed>12850161</pubmed></ref> | ||
{{Viral Links}} | {{Viral Links}} | ||
==Some Recent Findings== | ==Some Recent Findings== | ||
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* [http://www.eurosurveillance.org/Default.aspx Eurosurveillance] is a European peer-reviewed scientific journal devoted to the epidemiology, surveillance, prevention and control of communicable diseases, with a focus on such topics that are of relevance to Europe. | * [http://www.eurosurveillance.org/Default.aspx Eurosurveillance] is a European peer-reviewed scientific journal devoted to the epidemiology, surveillance, prevention and control of communicable diseases, with a focus on such topics that are of relevance to Europe. | ||
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[[Category:Abnormal Development]] [[Category:Environmental Abnormalities]] [[Category:Virus]] | [[Category:Abnormal Development]] [[Category:Environmental Abnormalities]] [[Category:Virus]] |
Revision as of 22:34, 9 March 2014
Embryology - 19 May 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
Measles (rubeola) is a paramyxovirus appearing mainly as a respiratory viral infection, clinically different from Rubella. A single-stranded RNA virus which is highly contagious. Before measles vaccination (USA 1963) more than 90% of children had an infection before puberty and in developing countries it is still a common and often fatal childhood disease. Childhood immunisation and immunity persists in only about 80% of adults.
Pregnancy effects of measles results in a higher risk of premature labor, spontaneous abortion, low-birth-weight, and possibly rare cases of birth defects with no definable pattern of malformation.[1]
Some Recent Findings
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Virus Structure
Lineage: Viruses; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA negative-strand viruses; Mononegavirales; Paramyxoviridae; Paramyxovirinae; Morbillivirus; Measles virus
- ssRNA; linear; Length: 15,894 nt Measles virus, complete genome
- virus replication involves a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (vRdRp), using as a template a nucleocapsid (NC) made of a single strand of RNA in tight complex with the nucleoprotein (N).[7]
- negative-strand genome contains six transcription units encoding the N, phospho (P), matrix (M), fusion (F), hemagglutinin (H), and large (L) or polymerase protein.
- each N protein binds to 6 nucleotides.
- the N polymer entirely covers the 15,894-nucleotide genome.
- 23 known measles genotypes.
Model of cell virus RNA accumulation
The following 5 -step model has been described for cell virus accumulation following hours post-infection (hpi)[7]
- 0 to ~5 hpi - incoming viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (vRdRp) initiated primary transcription from every gene with no detectable lag phase.
- ~5 to ~12 hpi - mRNA accumulates exponentially.
- ~12 to ~24 hpi - mRNAs, genomes, and antigenomes accumulate exponentially because of the increase of both newly available template and vRdRp.
- ~24 to ~30 hpi - genomes and antigenomes continue to accumulate exponentially at the same rate, whereas the accumulation of the transcripts slows down.
- 30+ hpi - genome and antigenome accumulation slows down, and the cell content in viral transcripts tends to decrease.
Vaccination
Japan - first introduced to Japan in 1966 and adopted in the national regular immunization program from 1978.
References
- ↑ <pubmed>12850161</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>22872860</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>21915289</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>21871218</pubmed>| Euro Surveill.
- ↑ <pubmed>19198563</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>17283637</pubmed>| Emerg Infect Dis.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 <pubmed>15890929</pubmed>| PMC1112129
Textbooks
- Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Baron S, editor. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996. Medical Microbiology- Measles
- Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. New York: Garland Science; 2002. Viruses Exploit Host Cell Machinery for All Aspects of Their Multiplication
- Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd edition. Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, et al., editors. Washington (DC): World Bank; 2006. Chapter 20Vaccine-preventable Diseases
Reviews
<pubmed>19757257</pubmed> <pubmed>1923230</pubmed> <pubmed>17999132</pubmed> <pubmed>16480851</pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>12850161</pubmed>
Search Pubmed
Search Pubmed: Measles Virus | rubeola | Congenital rubeola Infection
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External Links
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- Eurosurveillance is a European peer-reviewed scientific journal devoted to the epidemiology, surveillance, prevention and control of communicable diseases, with a focus on such topics that are of relevance to Europe.
Glossary Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 19) Embryology Abnormal Development - Measles Virus. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Abnormal_Development_-_Measles_Virus
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G