Abnormal Development - Measles Virus: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
[[File:Measles_child_back_rash_day_3.jpg|thumb|Child with Measles back rash day 3(CDC)]] | [[File:Measles_child_back_rash_day_3.jpg|thumb|alt=Child with Measles back rash day 3|Child with Measles back rash day 3 (CDC)]] | ||
[[File:Measles_virus.jpg|thumb|Measles virus (CDC)]] | [[File:Measles_virus.jpg|thumb|alt=Measles virus|Measles virus (CDC)]] | ||
Measles (''rubeola'') is a paramyxovirus appearing mainly as a respiratory viral infection, clinically different from Rubella. A single-stranded RNA virus which is highly contagious. Before measles vaccination (USA 1963) more than 90% of children had an infection before puberty and in developing countries it is still a common and often fatal childhood disease. Childhood immunisation and immunity persists in only about 80% of adults. | Measles (''rubeola'') is a paramyxovirus appearing mainly as a respiratory viral infection, clinically different from Rubella. A single-stranded RNA virus which is highly contagious. Before measles vaccination (USA 1963) more than 90% of children had an infection before puberty and in developing countries it is still a common and often fatal childhood disease. Childhood immunisation and immunity persists in only about 80% of adults. | ||
Pregnancy effects of measles results in a higher risk of premature labor, spontaneous abortion, low-birth-weight, and possibly rare cases of birth defects with no definable pattern of malformation.<ref><pubmed>12850161</pubmed></ref> | Pregnancy effects of measles results in a higher risk of premature labor, spontaneous abortion, low-birth-weight, and possibly rare cases of birth defects with no definable pattern of malformation.<ref><pubmed>12850161</pubmed></ref> | ||
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* '''The measles virus replication cycle'''<ref><pubmed>19198563</pubmed></ref> "This review describes the two interrelated and interdependent processes of transcription and replication for measles virus. First, we concentrate on the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, which contains the negative sense genomic template and in encapsidated in every virion. Second, we examine the viral proteins involved in these processes, placing particular emphasis on their structure, conserved sequence motifs, their interaction partners and the domains which mediate these associations." | * '''The measles virus replication cycle'''<ref><pubmed>19198563</pubmed></ref> "This review describes the two interrelated and interdependent processes of transcription and replication for measles virus. First, we concentrate on the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, which contains the negative sense genomic template and in encapsidated in every virion. Second, we examine the viral proteins involved in these processes, placing particular emphasis on their structure, conserved sequence motifs, their interaction partners and the domains which mediate these associations." | ||
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! More recent papers | |||
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Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Abnormal+Development+Measles+Virus ''Abnormal Development Measles Virus''] | |||
<pubmed limit=5>Abnormal Development Measles Virus</pubmed> | |||
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==Virus Structure== | ==Virus Structure== | ||
[[File:Measles genotype B3 dendrogram.jpg|thumb|Identical genotype B3 sequences from measles patients in 4 countries, 2005.<ref><pubmed>17283637</pubmed>| [http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/11/06-0635_article.htm Emerg Infect Dis.]</ref>]] | [[File:Measles genotype B3 dendrogram.jpg|thumb|alt=Identical genotype B3 sequences from measles patients in 4 countries|Identical genotype B3 sequences from measles patients in 4 countries, 2005.<ref><pubmed>17283637</pubmed>| [http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/11/06-0635_article.htm Emerg Infect Dis.]</ref>]] | ||
Lineage: Viruses; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA negative-strand viruses; Mononegavirales; Paramyxoviridae; Paramyxovirinae; Morbillivirus; Measles virus | Lineage: Viruses; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA negative-strand viruses; Mononegavirales; Paramyxoviridae; Paramyxovirinae; Morbillivirus; Measles virus | ||
* ssRNA; linear; Length: 15,894 nt [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_001498 Measles virus, complete genome] | * ssRNA; linear; Length: 15,894 nt [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_001498 Measles virus, complete genome] | ||
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* the N polymer entirely covers the 15,894-nucleotide genome. | * the N polymer entirely covers the 15,894-nucleotide genome. | ||
* 23 known measles genotypes. | * 23 known measles genotypes. | ||
===Model of cell virus RNA accumulation=== | ===Model of cell virus RNA accumulation=== | ||
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# '''~24 to ~30 hpi''' - genomes and antigenomes continue to accumulate exponentially at the same rate, whereas the accumulation of the transcripts slows down. | # '''~24 to ~30 hpi''' - genomes and antigenomes continue to accumulate exponentially at the same rate, whereas the accumulation of the transcripts slows down. | ||
# '''30+ hpi''' - genome and antigenome accumulation slows down, and the cell content in viral transcripts tends to decrease. | # '''30+ hpi''' - genome and antigenome accumulation slows down, and the cell content in viral transcripts tends to decrease. | ||
==Vaccination== | ==Vaccination== | ||
[[File:Rubella_and_measles_elimination_in_the_Americas.jpg|thumb|300px|Rubella and measles elimination in the Americas]] | [[File:Rubella_and_measles_elimination_in_the_Americas.jpg|thumb|300px|alt=Rubella and measles elimination in the Americas|Rubella and measles elimination in the Americas]] | ||
'''Japan''' - first introduced to Japan in 1966 and adopted in the national regular immunization program from 1978. | '''Japan''' - first introduced to Japan in 1966 and adopted in the national regular immunization program from 1978. | ||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 12:42, 24 August 2014
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Introduction
Measles (rubeola) is a paramyxovirus appearing mainly as a respiratory viral infection, clinically different from Rubella. A single-stranded RNA virus which is highly contagious. Before measles vaccination (USA 1963) more than 90% of children had an infection before puberty and in developing countries it is still a common and often fatal childhood disease. Childhood immunisation and immunity persists in only about 80% of adults.
Pregnancy effects of measles results in a higher risk of premature labor, spontaneous abortion, low-birth-weight, and possibly rare cases of birth defects with no definable pattern of malformation.[1]
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Abnormal Development Measles Virus <pubmed limit=5>Abnormal Development Measles Virus</pubmed> |
Virus Structure
Lineage: Viruses; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA negative-strand viruses; Mononegavirales; Paramyxoviridae; Paramyxovirinae; Morbillivirus; Measles virus
- ssRNA; linear; Length: 15,894 nt Measles virus, complete genome
- virus replication involves a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (vRdRp), using as a template a nucleocapsid (NC) made of a single strand of RNA in tight complex with the nucleoprotein (N).[7]
- negative-strand genome contains six transcription units encoding the N, phospho (P), matrix (M), fusion (F), hemagglutinin (H), and large (L) or polymerase protein.
- each N protein binds to 6 nucleotides.
- the N polymer entirely covers the 15,894-nucleotide genome.
- 23 known measles genotypes.
Model of cell virus RNA accumulation
The following 5 -step model has been described for cell virus accumulation following hours post-infection (hpi)[7]
- 0 to ~5 hpi - incoming viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (vRdRp) initiated primary transcription from every gene with no detectable lag phase.
- ~5 to ~12 hpi - mRNA accumulates exponentially.
- ~12 to ~24 hpi - mRNAs, genomes, and antigenomes accumulate exponentially because of the increase of both newly available template and vRdRp.
- ~24 to ~30 hpi - genomes and antigenomes continue to accumulate exponentially at the same rate, whereas the accumulation of the transcripts slows down.
- 30+ hpi - genome and antigenome accumulation slows down, and the cell content in viral transcripts tends to decrease.
Vaccination
Japan - first introduced to Japan in 1966 and adopted in the national regular immunization program from 1978.
References
- ↑ <pubmed>12850161</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>22872860</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>21915289</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>21871218</pubmed>| Euro Surveill.
- ↑ <pubmed>19198563</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>17283637</pubmed>| Emerg Infect Dis.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 <pubmed>15890929</pubmed>| PMC1112129
Textbooks
- Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Baron S, editor. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996. Medical Microbiology- Measles
- Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. New York: Garland Science; 2002. Viruses Exploit Host Cell Machinery for All Aspects of Their Multiplication
- Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd edition. Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, et al., editors. Washington (DC): World Bank; 2006. Chapter 20Vaccine-preventable Diseases
Reviews
<pubmed>19757257</pubmed> <pubmed>1923230</pubmed> <pubmed>17999132</pubmed> <pubmed>16480851</pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>12850161</pubmed>
Search Pubmed
Search Pubmed: Measles Virus | rubeola | Congenital rubeola Infection
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 11) Embryology Abnormal Development - Measles Virus. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Abnormal_Development_-_Measles_Virus
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G