Developmental Signals - Retinoic acid: Difference between revisions

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Embryology - 2 May 2024 Expand to Translate
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Introduction

All-trans retinoic acid (atRA)

Model for retinoid acid in olfactory development^[1]

All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is the transcriptionally active product of vitamin A and is known to play many roles in regulating embryo development.

The compound has been used extensively postnatally in therapeutic treatments, for example in skin disease. Its developmental signalling role is a factor for its known teratogenic effects^[2]^[3] from maternal to conceptus transfer.

Retinoic Acid Links: retinoic acid | limb | Category:Retinoic acid | Molecular Development

Factor Links: AMH | hCG | BMP | sonic hedgehog | bHLH | HOX | FGF | FOX | Hippo | LIM | Nanog | NGF | Nodal | Notch | PAX | retinoic acid | SIX | Slit2/Robo1 | SOX | TBX | TGF-beta | VEGF | WNT | Category:Molecular

| Category:Retinoic acid | Abnormal Development

Some Recent Findings

Retinoic acid signaling and neuronal differentiation^[4] "The identification of neurological symptoms caused by vitamin A deficiency pointed to a critical, early developmental role of vitamin A and its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA). The ability of RA to induce post-mitotic, neural phenotypes in various stem cells, in vitro, served as early evidence that RA is involved in the switch between proliferation and differentiation. In vivo studies have expanded this "opposing signal" model, and the number of primary neurons an embryo develops is now known to depend critically on the levels and spatial distribution of RA. The proneural and neurogenic transcription factors that control the exit of neural progenitors from the cell cycle and allow primary neurons to develop are partly elucidated, but the downstream effectors of RA receptor (RAR) signaling (many of which are putative cell cycle regulators) remain largely unidentified. The molecular mechanisms underlying RA-induced primary neurogenesis in anamniote embryos are starting to be revealed; however, these data have been not been extended to amniote embryos. There is growing evidence that bona fide RARs are found in some mollusks and other invertebrates, but little is known about their necessity or functions in neurogenesis. One normal function of RA is to regulate the cell cycle to halt proliferation, and loss of RA signaling is associated with dedifferentiation and the development of cancer. Identifying the genes and pathways that mediate cell cycle exit downstream of RA will be critical for our understanding of how to target tumor differentiation. Overall, elucidating the molecular details of RAR-regulated neurogenesis will be decisive for developing and understanding neural proliferation-differentiation switches throughout development."
Visualization of an endogenous retinoic acid gradient across embryonic development^[5] "In vertebrate development, the body plan is determined by primordial morphogen gradients that suffuse the embryo. Retinoic acid (RA) is an important morphogen involved in patterning the anterior-posterior axis of structures, including the hindbrain and paraxial mesoderm. RA diffuses over long distances, and its activity is spatially restricted by synthesizing and degrading enzymes. ...Live imaging of endogenous concentration gradients across embryonic development will allow the precise assignment of molecular mechanisms to developmental dynamics and will accelerate the application of approaches based on morphogen gradients to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine." Zebrafish Development

More recent papers
This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link. This search now requires a manual link as the original PubMed extension has been disabled. The displayed list of references do not reflect any editorial selection of material based on content or relevance. References also appear on this list based upon the date of the actual page viewing. References listed on the rest of the content page and the associated discussion page (listed under the publication year sub-headings) do include some editorial selection based upon both relevance and availability. More? References \| Discussion Page \| Journal Searches \| 2019 References \| 2020 References Search term: Embryo Retinoic acid \| Images <pubmed limit=5>Embryo Retinoic acid</pubmed>

Organ Expression

Summary of Rar gene expression patterns in mouse developing organ systems.^[6]

Endoderm

Chicken antero-posterior endoderm patterning^[7]

Links: Endoderm | Chicken Development

Fetal Gonad

Immunohistochemical localisation of retinoid receptor expression in the human fetal gonad^[8]

Neural

Model retinoic acid extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Wnt pathway interactions^[9]

RA Is Not Required for Radial Expansion of the Embryonic Cortex

References

↑ <pubmed>23829703</pubmed>| Neural Dev.
↑ <pubmed>10331090</pubmed>
↑ <pubmed>11375780</pubmed>
↑ <pubmed>25558812</pubmed>
↑ <pubmed>23563268</pubmed>
↑ <pubmed>19471585</pubmed>
↑ 19516907</pubmed>| PLoS One.
↑ Childs AJ, Cowan G, Kinnell HL, Anderson RA, Saunders PTK (2011) Retinoic Acid Signalling and the Control of Meiotic Entry in the Human Fetal Gonad. PLoS ONE 6(6): e20249. PMID 21674038 | PLoS One
↑ <pubmed>19642999</pubmed>

Articles

<pubmed>21673209</pubmed>| Can Fam Physician

Search Pubmed

Search Bookshelf Retinoic acid

Search Pubmed Now: Retinoic acid

Glossary Links

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 2) Embryology Developmental Signals - Retinoic acid. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Developmental_Signals_-_Retinoic_acid

What Links Here?

[PMID23829703-1] <pubmed>23829703</pubmed>| Neural Dev.

[PMID10331090-2] <pubmed>10331090</pubmed>

[PMID11375780-3] <pubmed>11375780</pubmed>

[PMID25558812-4] <pubmed>25558812</pubmed>

[PMID23563268-5] <pubmed>23563268</pubmed>

[6] <pubmed>19471585</pubmed>

[PMID19516907<pubmed-7] 19516907</pubmed>| PLoS One.

[8] Childs AJ, Cowan G, Kinnell HL, Anderson RA, Saunders PTK (2011) Retinoic Acid Signalling and the Control of Meiotic Entry in the Human Fetal Gonad. PLoS ONE 6(6): e20249. PMID 21674038 | PLoS One

[9] <pubmed>19642999</pubmed>

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@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 [[File:Retinoid acid model in olfactory development.jpg|thumb|300px|Model for retinoid acid in olfactory development<ref name=PMID23829703><pubmed>23829703</pubmed>| [http://www.neuraldevelopment.com/content/8/1/13 Neural Dev.]</ref>]]
-All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is the transcriptionally active product of vitamin A and is known to play many roles in embryo development.
+All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is the transcriptionally active product of vitamin A and is known to play many roles in regulating embryo development.
 The compound has been used extensively postnatally in therapeutic treatments, for example in skin disease. Its developmental signalling role is a factor for its known teratogenic effects<ref name=PMID10331090><pubmed>10331090</pubmed></ref><ref name=PMID11375780><pubmed>11375780</pubmed></ref> from maternal to conceptus transfer.