Cardiovascular - Venous Development
Embryology - 15 Jun 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
Development of the heart and vascular system begins very early in mesoderm both within (embryonic) and outside (extra embryonic, yolk sac and placental) the embryo. Vascular development therefore occurs in many places, the most obvious though is the early forming heart, which grows rapidly creating an externally obvious cardiac "bulge" on the early embryo. The cardiovascular system is extensively remodelled throughout development, this current page discusses systemic venous development. Note that placental vessels are discussed in placental notes.
See also the related pages Arterial Development, Venous Development, Placental Villi Blood Vessels and Coronary Circulation Development.
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Venous Embryology <pubmed limit=5>Venous Embryology</pubmed> |
Textbooks
- Human Embryology (2nd ed.) Larson Ch7 p151-188 Heart, Ch8 p189-228 Vasculature
- The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology (6th ed.) Moore and Persaud Ch14: p304-349
- Before we Are Born (5th ed.) Moore and Persaud Ch12; p241-254
- Essentials of Human Embryology Larson Ch7 p97-122 Heart, Ch8 p123-146 Vasculature
- Human Embryology Fitzgerald and Fitzgerald Ch13-17: p77-111
Infrahepatic Inferior Caval and Azygos Vein
Infrahepatic inferior caval and azygos vein formation in mammals with different degrees of mesonephric development. J Anat. 2016 Mar;228(3):495-510. doi: 10.1111/joa.12423. Epub 2015 Dec 11.
Hikspoors JP1, Mekonen HK1, Mommen GM1, Cornillie P2, Köhler SE1, Lamers WH1,3.
Abstract
Controversies regarding the development of the mammalian infrahepatic inferior caval and azygos veins arise from using topography rather than developmental origin as criteria to define venous systems and centre on veins that surround the mesonephros. We compared caudal-vein development in man with that in rodents and pigs (rudimentary and extensive mesonephric development, respectively), and used Amira 3D reconstruction and Cinema 4D-remodelling software for visualisation. The caudal cardinal veins (CCVs) were the only contributors to the inferior caval (IVC) and azygos veins. Development was comparable if temporary vessels that drain the large porcine mesonephros were taken into account. The topography of the CCVs changed concomitant with expansion of adjacent organs (lungs, meso- and metanephroi). The iliac veins arose by gradual extension of the CCVs into the caudal body region. Irrespective of the degree of mesonephric development, the infrarenal part of the IVC developed from the right CCV and the renal part from vascular sprouts of the CCVs in the mesonephros that formed 'subcardinal' veins. The azygos venous system developed from the cranial remnants of the CCVs. Temporary venous collaterals in and around the thoracic sympathetic trunk were interpreted as 'footprints' of the dorsolateral-to-ventromedial change in the local course of the intersegmental and caudal cardinal veins relative to the sympathetic trunk. Interspecies differences in timing of the same events in IVC and azygos-vein development appear to allow for proper joining of conduits for caudal venous return, whereas local changes in topography appear to accommodate efficient venous perfusion. These findings demonstrate that new systems, such as the 'supracardinal' veins, are not necessary to account for changes in the course of the main venous conduits of the embryo. © 2015 Anatomical Society. KEYWORDS: azygos vein; caudal cardinal veins; human; inferior caval vein; mesonephros; mouse; pig PMID 26659476 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12423
Renal Venous Development
The renal arterial and venous systems are also reorganised extensively throughout development with changing kidney position.
Embryo renal venous | Adult renal venous |
- Links: Renal Development
Fetal Blood Flow
Mean Late Fetal Blood Flows[2]
(8 subjects) in the major vessels of the human fetal circulation by phase contrast MRI. (median gestational age 37 weeks, age range of 30–39 weeks)
(left) Mean flows in ml/kg/min | (right) Proportions of the combined ventricular output in the major vessels of the human fetal circulation by phase contrast MRI. |
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- Cardiovascular Links: Fetal Blood Flow values | Mean Fetal Blood Flow | Proportions Ventricular Output | Ventricular Output (colour) | heart | blood | cardiovascular
References
- ↑ <pubmed>25167202</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>23181717</pubmed>| J Cardiovasc Magn Reson.
Reviews
<pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed>22449840</pubmed> <pubmed>21593862</pubmed> <pubmed>18607112</pubmed> <pubmed>16565980</pubmed> <pubmed>16236564</pubmed> <pubmed>15614842</pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>21808168</pubmed> <pubmed>21732277</pubmed> <pubmed>21541028</pubmed> <pubmed>21540552</pubmed> <pubmed>21364285</pubmed> <pubmed>18057862</pubmed>
Search Pubmed
Search Pubmed: Cardiovascular System Development
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 15) Embryology Cardiovascular - Venous Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Cardiovascular_-_Venous_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G