Cardiovascular System - Abnormalities
Introduction
Heart defects and preterm birth are the most common causes of neonatal and infant death. The long-term development of the heart combined with extensive remodelling and post-natal changes in circulation lead to an abundance of abnormalities associated with this system.
A UK study literature showed that preterm infants have more than twice as many cardiovascular malformations (5.1 / 1000 term infants and 12.5 / 1000 preterm infants) as do infants born at term and that 16% of all infants with cardiovascular malformations are preterm. (0.4% of live births occur at greater than 28 weeks of gestation, 0.9% at 28 to 31 weeks, and 6% at 32 to 36 weeks. Overall, 7.3% of live-born infants are preterm) [1]
"Baltimore-Washington Infant Study data on live-born cases and controls (1981-1989) was reanalyzed for potential environmental and genetic risk-factor associations in complete atrioventricular septal defects AVSD (n = 213), with separate comparisons to the atrial (n = 75) and the ventricular (n = 32) forms of partial AVSD. ...Maternal diabetes constituted a potentially preventable risk factor for the most severe, complete form of AVSD." [2].
In addition, there are in several congenital abnormalities that exist in adults (bicuspid aortic valve, mitral valve prolapse, and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection) which may not be clinically recognized.
Australian Statistics (1981-1992) | USA Statistics (1997-2003) | Aortic Stenosis | Atrial Septal Defects | Coarctation of Aorta | Dextrocardia | Hypoplastic Left Heart | Long QT Syndrome | Patent Ductus Arteriosus | Pulmonary Atresia | Pulmonary Stenosis | Tetralogy of Fallot | Transposition of Great Vessels | Tricuspid Atresia | Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection | Ventricular Septal Defect | Abnormalities of Conducting System | Prenatal Diagnosis | Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease
References
- ↑ Tanner K, Sabrine N, Wren C. Cardiovascular malformations among preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2005 Dec;116(6):e833-8. PMID: 16322141
- ↑ Loffredo CA, Hirata J, Wilson PD, Ferencz C, Lurie IW. Atrioventricular septal defects: possible etiologic differences between complete and partial defects. Teratology. 2001 Feb;63(2):87-93 PMID: 11241431
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 14) Embryology Cardiovascular System - Abnormalities. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Cardiovascular_System_-_Abnormalities
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G