Neural - Vascular Development: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Streeter-plate04.jpg|thumb|300px|alt=Plate 4. Vascular system of the brain of the human embryo|Human Embryo vascular development (week 8, stage 20 Carnegie Embryo No. 460)]] | [[File:Streeter-plate04.jpg|thumb|300px|alt=Plate 4. Vascular system of the brain of the human embryo|Human Embryo vascular development (week 8, stage 20 Carnegie Embryo No. 460)]] | ||
This page relates specifically to vascular development associated with the central nervous system (CNS). There is an additional page that looks at [[Cardiovascular System - Circulation Development|vascular development and remodelling]]. The CNS is extensively vascularised as | This page relates specifically to vascular development associated with the central nervous system (CNS). There is an additional page that looks at [[Cardiovascular System - Circulation Development|vascular development and remodelling]]. The CNS is extensively vascularised as neurons have a mainly oxygen requiring (aerobic) metabolism. At the cellular level the finer blood vessel endothelium is separated from direct contact by glial cells, that form the so-called "blood-brain barrier". | ||
There is also an extensive vascular network throughout the surrounding meninges, the skull bone, and the scalp. During the embryonic period blood vessels are also modified to form the extensive choroid plexus that lies within the ventricular space and is a source of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). | |||
:'''Links:''' [[Neural - Ventricular System Development|Ventricular System]] | [[Neural - Meninges Development|Meninges]] | :'''Links:''' [[Neural - Ventricular System Development|Ventricular System]] | [[Neural - Meninges Development|Meninges]] |
Revision as of 09:39, 27 May 2017
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Introduction
This page relates specifically to vascular development associated with the central nervous system (CNS). There is an additional page that looks at vascular development and remodelling. The CNS is extensively vascularised as neurons have a mainly oxygen requiring (aerobic) metabolism. At the cellular level the finer blood vessel endothelium is separated from direct contact by glial cells, that form the so-called "blood-brain barrier".
There is also an extensive vascular network throughout the surrounding meninges, the skull bone, and the scalp. During the embryonic period blood vessels are also modified to form the extensive choroid plexus that lies within the ventricular space and is a source of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
- Links: Ventricular System | Meninges
See also these historic articles on human vascular development by:
Mall FP. On the development of the blood-vessels of the brain in the human embryo. (1905) Amer. J Anat. 4(1): 1–18.
Streeter GL. The developmental alterations in the vascular system of the brain of the human embryo. (1921) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 8:7-38.
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Neural Vascular System Development <pubmed limit=5>Neural Vascular System Development</pubmed> |
Cerebral Blood Supply Development
Cerebral Arterial Timeline
- Carnegie stage 13 (4-5 mm) - hindbrain (i.e., future posterior fossa) is supplied by two parallel neural arteries (or channels). These arteries obtain their blood supply from carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses given by the trigeminal artery (TA), the otic artery (OA), hypoglossal artery (HA), and the proatlantal artery (ProA)
- Carnegie stage 14 (5-8 mm) - basilar artery (BA) forms from the consolidation of the neural arteries.
- Carnegie stage 15 (7-12 mm) - vertebral arteries (VA) forms from transverse anastomoses between cervical intersegmental arteries, beginning with the ProA and proceeding downward to the 6th intersegmental artery,
- Carnegie stage 16 (11-12 mm) - (35 days) development of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is first identified as small buds originating proximal to the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) on the anterior division of the primitive internal carotid artery (ICA).
- Carnegie stage 19 (16-18 mm) - middle cerebral artery (MCA) becomes more prominent, the plexi fuse into a single artery and further branches pierce the cerebral hemisphere.
- 18 mm - stem of the ACA gives rise to the olfactory artery.
- Carnegie stage 21 (21-24 mm) - formation of the anterior communicating artery (ACOMM).
- A - In early phases of development the posterior circulation relies almost entirely from blood supply coming from the anterior circulation through carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses.
- B and C - As the posterior fossa structures and the occipital lobe grow, the posterior circulation becomes progressively independent from the anterior circulation with obliteration of the anterior-posterior anastomoses from caudal to rostral maintaining in the majority of adult only one connection between the distal basilar arteries with the carotid artery via the posterior communicating artery.
(above text modified from reference[4])
Cerebral Veins
Figures from the 1905 study by Mall.[5]
Molecular
Foxc1
- required for early stage telencephalic vascular development[2]
References
- ↑ <pubmed>27037515</pubmed>
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 <pubmed>25733312</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>22993505</pubmed>| PMC3440694 | Front Neuroanat.
- ↑ <pubmed>26060802</pubmed>| J Stroke.
- ↑ Mall FP. On the Development of the Blood-Vessels of the Brain in the Human Embryo. (1905) Amer. J. of Anat. 4; 1–18.
Online Textbooks
Reviews
<pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed>22993505</pubmed> <pubmed>20561492</pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed>468705</pubmed>
Search PubMed
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External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
Additional Images
Historic
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Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers) |
The Developmental Alterations in the Vascular System of the Brain of the Human Embryo (1921)
Gillilan, LA. Significant superficial anastomoses in the arterial blood supply to the human brain. J Comp Neurol. 1959 Jun;112:55-74. PMID 13850118
Gray, Henry. Anatomy of the Human Body Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1918.
Terms
Cardiovascular Terms |
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Cardiovascular System Development See also Heart terms, Immune terms and Blood terms.
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 15) Embryology Neural - Vascular Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Neural_-_Vascular_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G