Trophoblast: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 23:46, 12 October 2010

Notice - Mark Hill

Currently this page is only a template and will be updated (this notice removed when completed).

Human Blastocyst (day 5), trophoblast cells form the peripheral flattened epithelial layer of cells directly under the zona pellucida.^[1]

Introduction

(Greek, trophe = "nutrition" and -blast, a primordial cell) During early development the trophoblast cells have an important contribution to extraembryonic tissues (fetal placenta and membranes) and processes of early development (adplantation, implantation and endocrine support of pregnancy).

In humans, week 1 blastocyst formation the outer layer of cells (adjacent to the zona pellucida) form a flat squamous epithelial layer of cells, the trophoblast layer. Week 2 following blastocyst hatching the trophoblast layer is involved with initial adhesion to the uterine wall and subsequent implantation within the wall. During this period the trophoblast layer differentiates into two distinct layers (syncitiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast).

Links: Blastocyst | Implantation | Week 2 | Week 3 | Placenta Development

Some Recent Findings

Angiogenic growth factors^[2] "Fourteen angiogenic growth factors were measured by multiplex growth factor analysis or ELISA in tissue culture supernatants from EVT and CTB from pregnancies at 8-10 and 12-14 weeks' gestation. Gestational age and cell type differences were observed. Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) and villous cytotrophoblast (CTB) are major producers of angiogenic growth factors that likely contribute to placental vascular development and spiral artery remodeling."

Trophoblast and Placental Villi

Early placental development cartoon showing trophoblast contribution to placental villi.^[3]

Legend

SYN - syncytiotrophoblasts
sCTB - subsyncytial cytotrophoblasts (this layer grows increasingly discontinuous in later trimesters)
EVT - extravillous cytotrophoblasts (anchor the villous tree in the decidua)

References

↑ <pubmed>19924284</pubmed>| PMC2773928 | PLoS One
↑ <pubmed>20338637</pubmed>
↑ <pubmed>20107601</pubmed>| PLoS

Reviews

Articles

Search PubMed

Search Pubmed: Trophoblast | syncitiotrophoblast | cytotrophoblast |

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 4) Embryology Trophoblast. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Trophoblast

What Links Here?

[PMID19924284-1] <pubmed>19924284</pubmed>| PMC2773928 | PLoS One

[2] <pubmed>20338637</pubmed>

[3] <pubmed>20107601</pubmed>| PLoS

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[2]

[3]

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 In humans, week 1 blastocyst formation the outer layer of cells (adjacent to the zona pellucida) form a flat squamous epithelial layer of cells, the trophoblast layer. Week 2 following blastocyst hatching the trophoblast layer is involved with initial adhesion to the uterine wall and subsequent implantation within the wall. During this period the trophoblast layer differentiates into two distinct layers ([[S#syncitiotrophoblast|syncitiotrophoblast]] and [[C#cytotrophoblast|cytotrophoblast]]).
-:'''Links:''' [[Placenta  Development]] | [[Implantation]] | [[Week 2]] | [[Week 3]]
+:'''Links:''' [[Blastocyst]] | [[Implantation]] | [[Week 2]] | [[Week 3]] | [[Placenta  Development]]
 ==Some Recent Findings==