Menstrual Cycle - Histology: Difference between revisions
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:'''Links:''' [http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2003/05/26/855235.htm?site=science/greatmomentsinscience ABC - Great Moments In Science] | :'''Links:''' [http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2003/05/26/855235.htm?site=science/greatmomentsinscience ABC - Great Moments In Science] | ||
==Dilation and Curettage== | |||
Medical procedure where uterine endometrium is collected by Dilation and Curettage (D&C or DnC). This medical procedure is used to diagnose or treat uterine abnormalities or in association with a miscarriage. | |||
:'''Links:''' [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/presentations/100013_3.htm Medline Plus D&C] | PMID 15725872 | |||
==Histology== | ==Histology== |
Revision as of 10:58, 2 February 2012
Introduction
This page presents images from vaginal smears and uterine endometrium dilatation and curettage[1] samples during different phases of the human menstrual cycle.
Histology Links: stains | fixatives | artifacts | menstrual histology | placenta histology | heart histology | liver histology | Pancreas | Gall Bladder | Colon | Renal | Respiratory Histology | Bone | Category:Histology | UNSW Histology |
Historic Histology Textbooks: 1941 Histology] | 1944 Oral Histology |
History of the Pap Smear
The text below is from the ABC - Great Moments In Science
- "Luckily, we have the famous Pap Smear - an excellent way to find cancer of the cervix before it digs in locally and/or spreads throughout the body. The Pap Smear is named after a certain Dr. Papanicolaou - who did a Pap Smear on his wife virtually every day for 20 years.
George Nikolas Papanicolaou was born in 1883 in Kymi, a small town overlooking the Aegean Sea on the Island of Euboea in Greece. His father, Nikolas Papanicolaou was both the Major of Kymi and a medical doctor. His older brother, Naso, had studied law, so his father convinced George to continue in the family medical tradition. So George studied medicine, and did well, graduating with a degree in honours in 1904............"
Dilation and Curettage
Medical procedure where uterine endometrium is collected by Dilation and Curettage (D&C or DnC). This medical procedure is used to diagnose or treat uterine abnormalities or in association with a miscarriage.
- Links: Medline Plus D&C | PMID 15725872
Histology
Phase | Days (range) | Smear | Smear Description | Uterine Endometrium (D&C) |
Menstrual | 1 - 4 | Click on image to see full size. | Both stratum corneum (red) and stratum spinosum (blue) epithelial cells will mostly blood.
Leukocytes and bacteria may also be present. |
|
Early Proliferative | 5 - 9 | Mainly large and small basophilic (blue) stratum spinosum cells. | ||
Mid Proliferative | 9 - 13 | Stratum spinosum (blue) increase in size.
Dark precipate outside cells are bacteria. |
||
Late Proliferative, Ovulatory | 13-14 | mainly stratum corneum (red) which are large and flat.
Appear due to high estrogen levels. |
||
Secretory | 15 - 22 | stratum spinosum cells (blue) which are folded or with curled edges.
Appear immediately after ovulation due to increase in progesterone. Leukocytes (small black cells) becoming more numerous. |
||
Late Secretory, (Ischemic) Premenstrual | 23 - 28 | stratum spinosum cells (blue) mainly with a few stratum corneum cells (red).
Clustering of cells occurs at this stage. Both leukocytes and bacteria are prevelant. |
Human vaginal smear histology images in sequence: early proliferative | mid-proliferative | late proliferative | secretory | late secretory
Human Uterus (D and C histology images) in sequence: menstrual | mid-proliferative | late proliferative | secretory | late secretory
See also Uterus Development
Abnormalities
Bacterial Vaginosis
- The normal vaginal flora (lactobacillus morphotypes) is replaced by a mixed microbial flora consisting of Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis and anaerobes.
- Originally described by Gardner and Dukes (1955).[2]
- clinical features - malodorous, thin homogeneous vaginal discharge with elevated vaginal pH above 4.5.
- Smear Image Links: L. crispatus | L. crispatus | non-L. crispatus with thin lactobacilli | non-L. crispatus with thin lactobacilli | mixture non-L. crispatus with L. crispatus | mixture non-L. crispatus with L. crispatus | irregular-shaped Gram positive rod | irregular-shaped Gram positive rod | mixture Lactobacillus and bacterial vaginosis-associated | mixture Lactobacillus and bacterial vaginosis-associated | bacterial vaginosis | bacterial vaginosis
- Links: Menstrual Cycle - Histology | Histology - Gram Stain | Bacterial Vaginosis | CDC (USA) Fact Sheet - Bacterial Vaginosis
References
Search Pubmed
Search Pubmed Now: Menstrual Cycle Histology | uterine histology | vaginal smear | pap smear |
External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
- Medline Plus - D and C - series | D and C video
Glossary Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 21) Embryology Menstrual Cycle - Histology. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Menstrual_Cycle_-_Histology
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G