Abnormal Development - Hypoxia
Embryology - 27 Jun 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Educational Use Only - Embryology is an educational resource for learning concepts in embryological development, no clinical information is provided and content should not be used for any other purpose. |
Introduction
Hypoxia (hypoxiation or anoxemia) is the condition of reduced oxygen content. Postnatally, environmental hypoxia can effect the function/survival of many systems, while prenatal hypoxia (including birth) has been shown to have many detrimental effects for the growing fetus/neonate. It should be noted that normal prenatal development typically occurs in an environment that is hypoxic compared to the maternal or postnatal environment. The hypoxia discussed here refers to reduced maternal oxygen or fetal hypoxia below that occurring in normal development. Exposure to altitude hypoxia normally results in physiological responses that act to preserve maternal and fetal oxygenation.
Maternal smoking, in addition to vasoconstriction, has associated carbon monoxide inhalation that has also been suggested to interfere with delivery of oxygen to the fetus. (More? Smoking)
Historically, hypoxia was identified in growing mice and rats as influencing the growth of caudal vertebrae.[1] More recently hypoxia has now been shown to influence many different developing systems including neural, heart and skeletal systems.
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Fetal Hypoxia <pubmed limit=5>Fetal Hypoxia</pubmed> Search term: Maternal Hypoxia <pubmed limit=5>Maternal Hypoxia</pubmed> |
Musculoskeletal Effects
- Links: Axial Skeleton Development
Cardiac Effects
Neural Effects
Animal Models
References
Journals
Reviews
Herrera EA, Krause B, Ebensperger G, Reyes RV, Casanello P, Parra-Cordero M & Llanos AJ. (2014). The placental pursuit for an adequate oxidant balance between the mother and the fetus. Front Pharmacol , 5, 149. PMID: 25009498 DOI.
Stanek J. (2013). Hypoxic patterns of placental injury: a review. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. , 137, 706-20. PMID: 23627456 DOI.
Tal R. (2012). The role of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in preeclampsia pathogenesis. Biol. Reprod. , 87, 134. PMID: 23034156 DOI.
Jean D & Moore LG. (2012). Travel to high altitude during pregnancy: frequently asked questions and recommendations for clinicians. High Alt. Med. Biol. , 13, 73-81. PMID: 22724609 DOI.
Mwaniki MK, Atieno M, Lawn JE & Newton CR. (2012). Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after intrauterine and neonatal insults: a systematic review. Lancet , 379, 445-52. PMID: 22244654 DOI.
Bosco C & Diaz E. (2012). Placental hypoxia and foetal development versus alcohol exposure in pregnancy. Alcohol Alcohol. , 47, 109-17. PMID: 22241888 DOI.
Articles
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Search Pubmed: Maternal Hypoxia
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 27) Embryology Abnormal Development - Hypoxia. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Abnormal_Development_-_Hypoxia
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G