Developmental Signals - Homeobox: Difference between revisions

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Notice - Mark Hill

Currently this page is only a template and will be updated (this notice removed when completed).

Introduction

Mouse HOXA5 expression (E12.5)^[1]

The family of homeobox (Hox) proteins has been a focus of research for over 30 years. This family of genes were also the basis of the embryo patterning studies that led to the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.


Fly wild-type head	Fly antennapedia head

Factor Links: AMH | hCG | BMP | sonic hedgehog | bHLH | HOX | FGF | FOX | Hippo | LIM | Nanog | NGF | Nodal | Notch | PAX | retinoic acid | SIX | Slit2/Robo1 | SOX | TBX | TGF-beta | VEGF | WNT | Category:Molecular

Some Recent Findings

Model Hox10 kidney development

Hox10 Genes Function in Kidney Development in the Differentiation and Integration of the Cortical Stroma ^[2] "Consistent with loss of cortical stromal cell function, Hox10 mutant kidneys display reduced and aberrant ureter branching, decreased nephrogenesis. These data therefore provide critical novel insights into the cellular and genetic mechanisms governing cortical cell development during kidney organogenesis. These results, combined with previous evidence demonstrating that Hox11 genes are necessary for patterning the metanephric mesenchyme, support a model whereby distinct populations in the nephrogenic cord are regulated by unique Hox codes, and that differential Hox function along the AP axis of the nephrogenic cord is critical for the differentiation and integration of these cell types during kidney organogenesis."
Proposed Hox protein classification^[3]"Our classification scheme offers a higher-resolution classification that is in accordance with phylogenetic as well as experimental data and, thereby, provides a novel basis for experiments, such as comparative and functional analyses of Hox-proteins."
Homeobox A7 up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in human granulosa cells^[4]"Our present study reveals a novel mechanistic role for HOXA7 in modulating granulosa cell proliferation via the regulation of EGFR. This finding contributes to the knowledge of the pro-proliferation effect of HOXA7 in granulosa cell growth and differentiation."
Hoxa5 transcriptional complexity in the mouse embryo^[1]Our observation that the Hoxa5 larger transcripts possess a developmentally-regulated expression combined to the increasing sum of data on the role of long noncoding RNAs in transcriptional regulation suggest that the Hoxa5 larger transcripts may participate in the control of Hox gene expression.

Classification

Proposed Hox protein classification^[3]

Functions

Developmental patterning signal.

Neural

Hindbrain neural crest migration and Hox expression pattern^[5]

A schematic diagram of a chick head at embryonic day two (Hamburger Hamilton Stages), showing pathways of neural crest migration in the chick and mouse embryo and patterns of Hox gene expression in the pharyngeal arches. Hox genes are expressed in neural crest cells, which emigrate predominantly from even-numbered rhombomeres into the pharyngeal (branchial) arches generating skeletal tissues and cranial ganglia.

Note that the first pharyngeal arch is free of Hox expression.

Legend

PA - pharyngeal arch
Md - mandibular part of pharyngeal arch 1
Mx - maxillary part of pharyngeal arch 1
OV - otic vesicle
r - rhombomere

Adapted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature Reviews Neuroscience (<pubmed>17948031</pubmed>), copyright (2007)

Limb

Mouse Limb Patterning Fgf and Hox Expression^[6]

Fgf and Hox expression in E10.5 to 10.75 wild-type embryonic forelimb autopod, compared to future E14.5 digit arrangement.

Other

Signaling Pathway

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 <pubmed>20485555</pubmed>| PLoS One
↑ Yallowitz AR, Hrycaj SM, Short KM, Smyth IM, Wellik DM (2011) Hox10 Genes Function in Kidney Development in the Differentiation and Integration of the Cortical Stroma. PLoS ONE 6(8): e23410. PMID 21858105 PloS One
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 <pubmed>20520839</pubmed>| PLoS One
↑ <pubmed>20540809</pubmed>| Reprod Biol Endocrinol.
↑ <pubmed>17948031</pubmed>
↑ <pubmed>20386744</pubmed>| PMC2851570 | PLoS Genet.

Reviews

Articles

Search Pubmed

Search Bookshelf hox

July 2010 "hox" All (3509) Review (545) Free Full Text (1453)

Search Pubmed Now: Homeobox | hox

External Links

UNSW Embryology - Molecular Notes | Musculoskeletal Notes
OMIM - SONIC HEDGEHOG

Glossary Links

Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2026, September 17) Embryology Developmental Signals - Homeobox. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Developmental_Signals_-_Homeobox

What Links Here?

[PMID20485555-1] 1.0 ^1.1 <pubmed>20485555</pubmed>| PLoS One

[2] Yallowitz AR, Hrycaj SM, Short KM, Smyth IM, Wellik DM (2011) Hox10 Genes Function in Kidney Development in the Differentiation and Integration of the Cortical Stroma. PLoS ONE 6(8): e23410. PMID 21858105 PloS One

[PMID20520839-3] 3.0 ^3.1 <pubmed>20520839</pubmed>| PLoS One

[PMID20540809-4] <pubmed>20540809</pubmed>| Reprod Biol Endocrinol.

[5] <pubmed>17948031</pubmed>

[6] <pubmed>20386744</pubmed>| PMC2851570 | PLoS Genet.

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 [[File:Mouse_HOXA5_expression_E12.5.jpg|thumb|Mouse HOXA5 expression (E12.5)<ref name="PMID20485555"><pubmed>20485555</pubmed>| [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0010600 PLoS One]</ref>]]
-The family of homeobox (Hox) proteins has been a focus of research for over 30 years.
+The family of homeobox (Hox) proteins has been a focus of research for over 30 years. This family of genes were also the basis of the embryo patterning studies that led to the [http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1995 Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995].
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