Gastrointestinal Tract - Mouth Development: Difference between revisions
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Components found within the oral cavity such as {{tooth}}, {{tongue}} , {{taste}}, {{submandibular gland}}, {{parotid gland}}, and {{sublingual gland}} also have their own specific pages. | |||
Components found within the oral cavity such as {{tooth}}, {{tongue}} , {{taste}}, {{gland}} also have their own specific pages. | |||
Latest revision as of 14:38, 8 January 2020
Embryology - 16 Jun 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
The oral cavity (mouth) is formed following breakdown of the buccopharyngeal membrane (oropharyngeal or oral membrane) and contributed to mainly by the pharynx lying within the pharyngeal arches and has contributions from neural crest. The mouth is also separated from the nasal cavity by the palate, that has both embryonic and fetal development components. This is also the source of the main developmental abnormalities of cleft lip and palate and cleft palate.
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) arises initially during the process of gastrulation from the endoderm of the trilaminar embryo (week 3) and extends from the buccopharyngeal membrane (oral membrane)to the cloacal membrane. The tract and associated organs later have contributions from all the germ cell layers. This current page provides an introductory overview, use the links below for descriptions of specific components and regions as well as developmental abnormalities. More detailed topic information can be found on the linked pages.
Components found within the oral cavity such as tooth, tongue , taste, submandibular gland, parotid gland, and sublingual gland also have their own specific pages.
Loss of buccopharyngeal membrane opens the tract to amniotic fluid through the remainder of development, and during the fetal period is actively swallowed.
Note that in historic texts the term entoderm is used to describe endoderm and other terminology may also differ from current descriptions.
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Mouth Development | Mouth Embryology | Oral Cavity Development |
Older papers |
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These papers originally appeared in the Some Recent Findings table, but as that list grew in length have now been shuffled down to this collapsible table.
See also the Discussion Page for other references listed by year and References on this current page. |
Textbooks
- Human Embryology Larson Chapter 9 p229-260
- The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology (6th ed.) Moore and Persaud Chapter 12 p271-302
- Before We Are Born (5th ed.) Moore and Persaud Chapter 13 p255-287
- Essentials of Human Embryology Larson Chapter 9 p123-146
- Human Embryology Fitzgerald and Fitzgerald Chapter 19,20 p119-123
More? References | Online Textbooks | Historic Textbooks
UNSW Students | |||||||
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You have access the following online Embryology resources and textbooks through the UNSW Library. | |||||||
Hill, M.A. (2020). UNSW Embryology (20th ed.) Retrieved June 16, 2024, from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au
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Moore, K.L., Persaud, T.V.N. & Torchia, M.G. (2015). The developing human: clinically oriented embryology (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. (links only function with UNSW connection)
Chapter 11 Alimentary System | |||||||
Schoenwolf, G.C., Bleyl, S.B., Brauer, P.R., Francis-West, P.H. & Philippa H. (2015). Larsen's human embryology (5th ed.). New York; Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.(links only function with UNSW connection)
Chapter 14 Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract |
Objectives
- Understanding of germ layer contributions to the early gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
- Understanding of the folding of the GIT
- Understanding of three main GIT embryonic divisions
- Understanding of associated organ development (liver, pancreas, spleen)
- Brief understanding of mechanical changes (rotations) during GIT development
- Brief understanding of gastrointestinal abnormalities
Germ Layer Contributions
- Endoderm - epithelium and associated glands
- Mesoderm (splanchnic) - mesentry, connective tissues, smooth muscle, blood vessels
- Ectoderm (neural crest) - enteric nervous system (neural tube) - extrinsic innervation
Both endoderm and mesoderm will contribute to associated organs.
Gastrointestinal Tract Movies
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Stage 13 (week 5) | Stage 22 (week 8) | Stage 23 (week 8) | GIT Abnormalities Ultrasound |
Foregut
From the oral cavity the next portion of the foregut is initially a single gastrointestinal (oesophagus) and respiratory (trachea) common tube, the pharynx which lies behind the heart. Note that the respiratory tract will form from a ventral bud arising at this level.
- Oral cavity
- Pharynx (esophagus, trachea)
- Respiratory tract
- Stomach
Development Overview
Week 5
(Embryo Carnegie stage 13)
Below is an overview of the sections starting at the level of pharynx compressed dorsoventrally, following the GIT through to the rectum. The most obvious feature is that of a continuous tube initially, attached by dorsoventral mesentery.
Bifurcation of the pharynx into anterior respiratory and posterior oesophagous. | The stomach forming beneath the lung buds and adjacent to the developing liver. | Below the stomach the GIT has a large dorsal mesogastrium and finer ventral mesogastrium. Associated with the tract is the large portal blood vessel derived from the vitelline circulation. | At the bottom curvature of the embryo the mesentry association with the GIT shows extensive vitelline vessels running out through the umbilicus. The hindgut can then be seen, ending at the common urogenital sinus, the cloaca. |
(Embryo Carnegie stage 15)
Later week 5 development showing a sagittal section upper half of embryo.
Week 8
(Embryo Carnegie stage 23)
Images showing both the floor and roof of the embryonic oral cavity in week 8.
Salivary Glands
Parotid Gland
Embryo CRL 10 mm - 18mm - initial parotid gland bud appears and is divided into a body and a duct.
A study of human embryos and foetuses between CRL 19 mm to 67 mm.[4] Identified the parotid gland primordia located most lateral and cranial point of the sulcus buccalis and its duct orifice formation dependent upon the developmental processes of the fetal skeleton.
Submandibular Gland
(submaxillary gland) Embryo CRL 10 mm - 16mm - initial epithelial bud appears.
Innervation
Neural History
- 1857 Meissner was the first to describe a nerve plexus in the submucosa of the bowel wall.
- 1864 Auerbach described the myenteric plexus between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers.
- 1981 LeDouarin describes neural crest contribution to both plexuses.
Molecular
The endoderm of the developing gastrointestinal tract is a source for patterning signals for both within the tract and also for the surrounding organs and tissues.
- Sox2 - expressed in the anterior part of the primitive gut[5]
- Cdx2 - expressed in the posterior part of the primitive gut[5]
- GDNF - regulate migration of enteric neural crest cells[6]
- endothelin - regulate migration of enteric neural crest cells[6]
References
- ↑ Chandrashekar J, Hoon MA, Ryba NJ & Zuker CS. (2006). The receptors and cells for mammalian taste. Nature , 444, 288-94. PMID: 17108952 DOI.
- ↑ Chen J, Jacox LA, Saldanha F & Sive H. (2017). Mouth development. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol , 6, . PMID: 28514120 DOI.
- ↑ Ueno S, Yamada S, Uwabe C, Männer J, Shiraki N & Takakuwa T. (2016). The Digestive Tract and Derived Primordia Differentiate by Following a Precise Timeline in Human Embryos Between Carnegie Stages 11 and 13. Anat Rec (Hoboken) , 299, 439-49. PMID: 26995337 DOI.
- ↑ Guizetti B & Radlanski RJ. (1996). Development of the parotid gland and its closer neighboring structures in human embryos and fetuses of 19-67 mm CRL. Ann. Anat. , 178, 503-8. PMID: 9010565 DOI.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Raghoebir L, Bakker ER, Mills JC, Swagemakers S, Kempen MB, Munck AB, Driegen S, Meijer D, Grosveld F, Tibboel D, Smits R & Rottier RJ. (2012). SOX2 redirects the developmental fate of the intestinal epithelium toward a premature gastric phenotype. J Mol Cell Biol , 4, 377-85. PMID: 22679103 DOI.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Goto A, Sumiyama K, Kamioka Y, Nakasyo E, Ito K, Iwasaki M, Enomoto H & Matsuda M. (2013). GDNF and endothelin 3 regulate migration of enteric neural crest-derived cells via protein kinase A and Rac1. J. Neurosci. , 33, 4901-12. PMID: 23486961 DOI.
Reviews
Chen J, Jacox LA, Saldanha F & Sive H. (2017). Mouth development. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol , 6, . PMID: 28514120 DOI. PDF
Articles
Guizetti B & Radlanski RJ. (1996). Development of the submandibular gland and its closer neighboring structures in human embryos and fetuses of 19-67 mm CRL. Ann. Anat. , 178, 509-14. PMID: 9010566 DOI.
Guizetti B & Radlanski RJ. (1996). Development of the parotid gland and its closer neighboring structures in human embryos and fetuses of 19-67 mm CRL. Ann. Anat. , 178, 503-8. PMID: 9010565 DOI.
Online Textbooks
- Developmental Biology (6th ed) Gilbert, Scott F. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc.; c2000. The Digestive Tube and Its Derivatives | Endodermal development of a human embryo
- The Gastrointestinal Circulation Peter R. Kvietys. San Rafael (CA): Morgan & Claypool Publishers; 2010. Table of Contents
- Motor Function of the Pharynx, Esophagus, and its Sphincters. Mittal RK. San Rafael (CA): Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences; 2011. Table of Contents
- Search NLM Online Textbooks "gastrointestinal tract" : Developmental Biology | Endocrinology | Molecular Biology of the Cell | The Cell- A molecular Approach
Historic Textbooks
- The Elements of Embryology by Foster, M., Balfour, F. M., Sedgwick, A., & Heape, W. (1883) The Alimentary Canal and its Appendages
- Text-Book of the Embryology of Man and Mammals by Dr Oscar Hertwig (1892) The Organs of the Inner Germ-Layer The Alimentary Tube with its Appended Organs
- Atlas of the Development of Man Volume 2 by Julius Kollmann (1907) Gastrointestinal
- Text-Book of Embryology by Bailey, F.R. and Miller, A.M. (1921) Alimentary tube and organs
Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages |
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Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers) |
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: Mouth Development | Oral Cavity Development
Additional Images
Terms
Gastrointestinal Tract Terms | ||
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Glossary Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 16) Embryology Gastrointestinal Tract - Mouth Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Gastrointestinal_Tract_-_Mouth_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G