Abnormal Development - Gonorrhea: Difference between revisions
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==Infection Effects Movie== | ==Infection Effects Movie== | ||
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| <html5media height="620" width="620">File:Cell apoptosis 02.mp4</html5media> | |||
| valign=top|This movie from an experimental ''Neisseria gonorrhoeae'' infection of Hela cells ''in vitro''<ref name=PMID19300516><pubmed>19300516</pubmed>[http://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1000348 PLoS Pathog.]</ref> shows the cells dying by apoptosis in response to the bacterial infection. | |||
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs normally in many developmental and adult tissues, but can also occur in response to pathogenic infections. | |||
{{Hela apoptosis links}} | {{Hela apoptosis links}} | ||
{{Hela apoptosis movie}} | {{Hela apoptosis movie}} | ||
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== Australian NHMRC Recommendations == | == Australian NHMRC Recommendations == |
Revision as of 11:10, 15 May 2015
Embryology - 20 Jun 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Educational Use Only - Embryology is an educational resource for learning concepts in embryological development, no clinical information is provided and content should not be used for any other purpose. |
Introduction
The variety of bacterial infections that can occur during pregnancy is as variable as the potential developmental effects, from virtually insignificant to major developmental, abortive or fatal in outcome. Some bacteria are common and are part of the normal genital tract flora (Lactobacillus sp), while other bacterial infections are less common or even rare and initially infect/transmit by air or fluids through the different epithelia (genital tract, lungs, gastrointestinal tract). The genitally transmitted common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are the bacterial infections described as syphilis and gonorrhoea. (STDs)
Infection in women can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and salpingitis, scarring of the uterine tubes, that in turn can lead to fertility issues or ectopic pregnancy. Pregnant women with severe gonorrhea can transmit the disease to their developing fetus or during delivery.
Bacterial Links: bacterial infection | syphilis | gonorrhea | tuberculosis | listeria | salmonella | TORCH | Environmental | Category:Bacteria |
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Pregnancy Neisseria Gonorrhea <pubmed limit=5>Pregnancy Neisseria Gonorrhea</pubmed> |
Neisseria Gonorrhea
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Lineage
- Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Betaproteobacteria; Neisseriales; Neisseriaceae; Neisseria; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Neisseria gonorrhoeae NCCP11945
Gram Stain
Bacterial staining procedure named after Hans Christian Gram (1853 - 1938).
Generally divides bacteria into either:
- Gram-positive bacteria purple crystal violet stain is trapped by layer of peptidoglycan (forms outer layer of the cell).
- Gram-negative bacteria outer membrane prevents stain from reaching peptidoglycan layer in the periplasm, outer membrane then permeabilized and pink safranin counterstain is trapped by peptidoglycan layer.
Infection Effects Movie
<html5media height="620" width="620">File:Cell apoptosis 02.mp4</html5media> | This movie from an experimental Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection of Hela cells in vitro[3] shows the cells dying by apoptosis in response to the bacterial infection.
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs normally in many developmental and adult tissues, but can also occur in response to pathogenic infections.
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Australian NHMRC Recommendations
The Australian NHMRC (1988) recommends neonates be assessed for follow-up care under the following conditions.
- Birthweight less than 1500g or gestational age less than 32 weeks
- Small-for-gestational-age neonates
- Perinatal asphyxia
- Apgar score less than 3 at 5 minutes
- clinical evidence of neurological dysfunction
- delay in onset of spontaneous respiration for more than 5 minutes and requiring mechanical ventilation
- Clinical evidence of central nervous system abnormalities ie., seizures, hypotonia
- Hyperbilirubinaemia of greater than 350umol/l in full term neonates
- Genetic, dysmorphic or metabolic disorders or a family history of serious genetic disorder
- Perinatal or serious neonatal infection including children of mothers who are HIV positive
- Psychosocial problems eg., infants of drug-addicted or alcoholic mothers.
- Links: NHMRC WWW Page
References
- ↑ <pubmed>10456962</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>21319278</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>19300516</pubmed>PLoS Pathog.
Reviews
<pubmed>11249292</pubmed> <pubmed>10816189</pubmed> <pubmed>8912216</pubmed> <pubmed>6293753</pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>16901533</pubmed> <pubmed>16582117</pubmed> <pubmed>10660818</pubmed> <pubmed>10456962</pubmed>
Search Pubmed
Search NCBI Bookshelf: Medical Microbiology - Gonorrhea Search
Search PubMed: Congenital Gonorrhea | Abnormal Embryology Gonorrhea | Abnormal Development Gonorrhea | Gonorrhea
External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
- PubMed Health - Gonorrhea
- CDC (USA)
- CDC (USA) Fact Sheet - Gonorrhea
- Public Health Training Network Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (viewable Webcasts requires Media Player) | Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommendations
- Office on Women's Health (USA)
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (UK) Infection and Pregnancy - study group recommendations (Jun 2001)
Glossary Links
- Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 20) Embryology Abnormal Development - Gonorrhea. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Abnormal_Development_-_Gonorrhea
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G