Respiratory System - Abnormalities: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 07:40, 24 August 2010

Introduction

Abnormalities of the respiratory system include not only lung development but also the upper respiratory tract, the supporting musculoskeletal system and the vascular system.

Historic Embryology - Respiratory
1902 The Nasal Cavities and Olfactory Structures \| 1906 Lung \| 1912 Upper Respiratory Tract \| 1912 Respiratory \| 1913 Prenatal and Neonatal Lung \| 1914 Phrenic Nerve \| 1918 Respiratory images \| 1921 Respiratory \| 1922 Chick Pulmonary Vessels \| 1934 Right Fetal Lung \| 1936 Early Human Lung \| 1937 Terminal Air Passages \| 1938 Human Histology

Historic Embryology
1915 Congenital Cardiac Disease \| 1917 Frequency of Anomalies in Human Embryos \| 1920 Hydatiform Degeneration Tubal Pregnancy \| 1921 Anencephalic Embryo \| 1921 Rat and Man \| 1966 Congenital Malformations

Some Recent Findings

Respiratory Tract Abnormalities

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

(Tracheo-Oesophageal Fistula, Oesophageal Atresia) - Oesophageal Atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula

Lobar Emphysema (Overinflated Lung)

There is an overinflated left upper lobe
There is a collapsed lower lobe
The left lung is herniating across the mediastinum

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Failure of the pleuroperitoneal foramen (foramen of Bochdalek) to close allows viscera into thorax. Intestine, stomach or spleen can enter the pleural cavity, compressing the lung.

Azygos Lobe

Common condition (0.5% of population). The right lung upper lobe expands either side of the posterior cardinal. There is also some course variability of the phrenic nerve in the presence of an azygos lobe.

Congenital Laryngeal Webs

Laryngeal abnormality due to embryonic (week 10) incomplete recanalization of the laryngotracheal tube during the fetal period. Rare abnormality occuring mainly at the level of the vocal folds (glottis).

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

(MAS) Meconium is the gastrointestinal contents that accumulate in the intestines during the fetal period. Fetal stress in the third trimester, prior to/at/ or during parturition can lead to premature meconium discharge into the amniotic fluid and sunsequent ingestion by the fetus and damage to respiratory function. Damage to placental vessels meconium myonecrosis may also occur.

Newborn Respiratory Distress Syndrome

(Hyaline Membrane Disease) medline plus | eMedicine

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

A chronic lung disease which can occur following premature birth. The definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has in recent years changed from a severe lung injury and associated repair, to more of a disruption of lung development.

References

Reviews

Articles

Search Pubmed

Search Pubmed: Respiratory System Developmental Abnormalities | Tracheoesophageal Fistula | Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia | Congenital Laryngeal Webs

Glossary Links

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 2) Embryology Respiratory System - Abnormalities. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Respiratory_System_-_Abnormalities

What Links Here?

@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 ===Search Pubmed===
-'''Search Pubmed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Respiratory%20System%20Developmental%20Abnormalities Respiratory System Developmental Abnormalities] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Bronchopulmonary%20Dysplasia Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Congenital%20Laryngeal%20Webs Congenital Laryngeal Webs]
+'''Search Pubmed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Respiratory%20System%20Developmental%20Abnormalities Respiratory System Developmental Abnormalities] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Tracheoesophageal%20Fistula Tracheoesophageal Fistula] |
+[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Bronchopulmonary%20Dysplasia Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Congenital%20Laryngeal%20Webs Congenital Laryngeal Webs]
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