Developmental Signals - Sox
Embryology - 26 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
The SRY (480000) and SOX proteins share a DNA-binding domain known as the HMG box, defined by a 79-amino acid region.
All SOX proteins have a single HMG box and bind linear DNA (transcription factor) in a sequence-specific manner, resulting in the bending of DNA through large angles. Bending causes the DNA helix to open for some distance, which may affect binding and interactions of other transcription factors. SOX1, SOX2 (184429), and SOX3 (313430) show the closest homology to SRY. They share maximum homology within the HMG domain and are expressed mainly in the developing nervous system of the mouse (Collignon et al., 1996). These genes share significant homology outside the HMG box also and are highly conserved throughout their evolution.
Sox2 is first expressed in very early (morula, blastocyst) development, and has also been identified as one of the 4 "Yamanaka Factors" required to generate an induced pluripotential stem cell (iPS cell). It also forms a trimeric complex with OCT4, yet another "Yamanaka Factor".
Mammals have 20 different SOX proteins that can be subdivided into 8 groups: A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F, G, H.
- Sox Links: Sox transcription factors cartoon | Image 1 - Preimplantation Mouse | Image 2 - Preimplantation Mouse | Image 3 - Preimplantation Mouse | Sox | Induced Stem Cells | Yamanaka Factors
Factor Links: AMH | hCG | BMP | sonic hedgehog | bHLH | HOX | FGF | FOX | Hippo | LIM | Nanog | NGF | Nodal | Notch | PAX | retinoic acid | SIX | Slit2/Robo1 | SOX | TBX | TGF-beta | VEGF | WNT | Category:Molecular |
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Sox Expression <pubmed limit=5>Sox Expression</pubmed> |
Human SOX Family
Table - Human Sox Family | ||||
Approved Symbol |
Approved Name | Previous Symbols | Synonyms | Chromosome |
---|---|---|---|---|
SOX1 | SRY-box 1 | 13q34 | ||
SOX2 | SRY-box 2 | 3q26.33 | ||
SOX3 | SRY-box 3 | PHP | Xq27.1 | |
SOX4 | SRY-box 4 | 6p22.3 | ||
SOX5 | SRY-box 5 | "L-SOX5, MGC35153" | 12p12.1 | |
SOX6 | SRY-box 6 | 11p15.3 | ||
SOX7 | SRY-box 7 | 8p23.1 | ||
SOX8 | SRY-box 8 | 16p13.3 | ||
SOX9 | SRY-box 9 | "CMD1, CMPD1" | SRA1 | 17q24.3 |
SOX10 | SRY-box 10 | "DOM, WS4, WS2E" | 22q13.1 | |
SOX11 | SRY-box 11 | 2p25.2 | ||
SOX12 | SRY-box 12 | SOX22 | 20p13 | |
SOX13 | SRY-box 13 | "Sox-13, ICA12, MGC117216" | 1q32.1 | |
SOX14 | SRY-box 14 | SOX28 | 3q22.3 | |
SOX15 | SRY-box 15 | SOX20 | "SOX27, SOX26" | 17p13.1 |
SOX17 | SRY-box 17 | 8q11.23 | ||
SOX18 | SRY-box 18 | 20q13.33 | ||
SOX21 | SRY-box 21 | SOX25 | 13q32.1 | |
SOX30 | SRY-box 30 | 5q33.3 | ||
SRY | sex determining region Y | TDF | Yp11.2 | |
Links: Developmental Signals - Sox | OMIM | HGNC | Tbx Family | Bmp Family | Fgf Family | Pax Family | R-spondin Family | Sox Family | Tbx Family |
Human SOX Family | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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SOX9
Table - Human Sox Family | ||||
Approved Symbol |
Approved Name | Previous Symbols | Synonyms | Chromosome |
---|---|---|---|---|
SOX9 | SRY-box 9 | "CMD1, CMPD1" | SRA1 | 17q24.3 |
Early Mouse Expression
Limb Expression
Sox9 expression in E12.5 wild-type mouse embryonic forelimb.[6]
Function
Stem Cells
Sox2
- one of the 4 "Yamanaka factors" (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, cMyc) required to make a stem cell.
- Links: Stem Cells | Shinya Yamanaka
Genital Development
Sox9
- regulates sex development.
Cartilage Development
Sox9
- regulates cartilage development.
- in chondrogenesis model Sox9 is coexpressed with the gene encoding Col2a1 (type II collagen), the major cartilage matrix protein.
- up-regulated by fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in primary chondrocytes.
- Links:Cartilage Development
Respiratory Development
Sox2
- regulates patterning of the anterior foregut into ventral (trachea) and dorsal (esophagus) fates
- endoderm expression during formation of foregut derivatives
- declines in regions undergoing lung bud morphogenesis
- declines in ventral region generating the trachea
- Links: Respiratory System Development | StemBook - Specification and patterning of the respiratory system
Rib Development
Sox9 expression in the Mouse (E12.5) rib primordial.[7]
Neural Development
Sox2 binding sites have been identified in mouse cortical (germinal zone) progenitor cells (this study also identified Pax6 and Lhx2 sites)[8]
- Links: Neural System Development | Pax | OMIM Sox2
Hearing Development
Sox2 Lineage tracing of Sox2-expressing progenitor cells in the mouse inner ear reveals a broad contribution to non-sensory tissues and insights into the origin of the organ of Corti[9] "The transcription factor Sox2 is both necessary and sufficient for the generation of sensory regions of the inner ear. ...We find that Sox2-expressing cells in the early otocyst give rise to large numbers of non-sensory structures throughout the inner ear, and that Sox2 only becomes a truly prosensory marker at embryonic day (E)11.5. Our fate map reveals the organ of Corti derives from a central domain on the medial side of the otocyst and shows that a significant amount of the organ of Corti derives from a Sox2-negative population in this region."
- Links: Inner Ear Development | Mouse Development | OMIM Sox2
Signaling Pathway
SOX Developmental Signaling Pathways[10]
OMIM
About OMIM "Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man OMIM is a comprehensive, authoritative, and timely compendium of human genes and genetic phenotypes. The full-text, referenced overviews in OMIM contain information on all known mendelian disorders and over 12,000 genes. OMIM focuses on the relationship between phenotype and genotype. It is updated daily, and the entries contain copious links to other genetics resources." OMIM
References
- ↑ <pubmed>20704721</pubmed>| BMC Dev Biol.
- ↑ <pubmed>29256862</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>25818812</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>23390004</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>21103067</pubmed>| PMC2980489 | PLoS One.
- ↑ <pubmed>17194222</pubmed>| PMC1713256 | PLoS Genet.
- ↑ <pubmed>23236180</pubmed>| PMC3535641 | PNAS
- ↑ <pubmed>26721689</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>27090805</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>25594027</pubmed>| Oncoscience
Reviews
<pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed>21309066</pubmed> <pubmed>17584862</pubmed>
Search PubMed: Sox
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 26) Embryology Developmental Signals - Sox. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Developmental_Signals_-_Sox
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G