Neural - Rhombencephalon Development
Embryology - 26 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
The rhombencephalon or hindbrain is the most caudal of the early neural three primary brain vesicles, lying above the spinal cord. Later at the five secondary brain vesicle stage it divides into the
Neural development is one of the earliest systems to begin and the last to be completed after birth. This development generates the most complex structure within the embryo and the long time period of development means in utero insult during pregnancy may have consequences to development of the nervous system.
The early central nervous system begins as a simple neural plate that folds to form a groove then tube, open initially at each end. Failure of these opening to close contributes a major class of neural abnormalities (neural tube defects).
Within the neural tube stem cells generate the 2 major classes of cells that make the majority of the nervous system : neurons and glia. Both these classes of cells differentiate into many different types generated with highly specialized functions and shapes. This section covers the establishment of neural populations, the inductive influences of surrounding tissues and the sequential generation of neurons establishing the layered structure seen in the brain and spinal cord.
- Neural development beginnings quite early, therefore also look at notes covering Week 3- neural tube and Week 4-early nervous system.
- Development of the neural crest and sensory systems (hearing/vision/smell) are only introduced in these notes and are covered in other notes sections.
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Rhombencephalon Development | Rhombencephalon Embryology | Hindbrain Development | |
Development Overview
Neuralation begins at the trilaminar embryo with formation of the notochord and somites, both of which underly the ectoderm and do not contribute to the nervous system, but are involved with patterning its initial formation. The central portion of the ectoderm then forms the neural plate that folds to form the neural tube, that will eventually form the entire central nervous system.
- Early developmental sequence: Epiblast - Ectoderm - Neural Plate - Neural groove and Neural Crest - Neural Tube and Neural Crest
Neural Tube | Primary Vesicles | Secondary Vesicles | Adult Structures |
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week 3 | week 4 | week 5 | adult |
prosencephalon (forebrain) | telencephalon | Rhinencephalon, Amygdala, hippocampus, cerebrum (cortex), hypothalamus, pituitary | Basal Ganglia, lateral ventricles | |
diencephalon | epithalamus, thalamus, Subthalamus, pineal, posterior commissure, pretectum, third ventricle | ||
mesencephalon (midbrain) | mesencephalon | tectum, Cerebral peduncle, cerebral aqueduct, pons | |
rhombencephalon (hindbrain) | metencephalon | cerebellum | |
myelencephalon | medulla oblongata, isthmus | ||
spinal cord, pyramidal decussation, central canal |
Primary Vesicles
Rhombomere Boundaries
Chicken expression of fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGF3) at rhombomere boundaries at different somite stages.[2]
Flat-mounted hindbrains from different-staged embryos in situ hybridized with FGF3 probe.
Mouse - rhombomere boundaries[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Jimenez-Guri E, Udina F, Colas JF, Sharpe J, Padrón-Barthe L, Torres M & Pujades C. (2010). Clonal analysis in mice underlines the importance of rhombomeric boundaries in cell movement restriction during hindbrain segmentation. PLoS ONE , 5, e10112. PMID: 20404937 DOI.
- ↑ Sela-Donenfeld D, Kayam G & Wilkinson DG. (2009). Boundary cells regulate a switch in the expression of FGF3 in hindbrain rhombomeres. BMC Dev. Biol. , 9, 16. PMID: 19232109 DOI.
Reviews
Greene ND & Copp AJ. (2009). Development of the vertebrate central nervous system: formation of the neural tube. Prenat. Diagn. , 29, 303-11. PMID: 19206138 DOI.
Articles
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Search Pubmed: Rhombencephalon Embryology | Rhombencephalon Development |
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 26) Embryology Neural - Rhombencephalon Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Neural_-_Rhombencephalon_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G