Neural - Medulla Oblongata Development
Embryology - 26 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
The medulla or medulla oblongata develops from the
Neural development is one of the earliest systems to begin and the last to be completed after birth. This development generates the most complex structure within the embryo and the long time period of development means in utero insult during pregnancy may have consequences to development of the nervous system.
The early central nervous system begins as a simple neural plate that folds to form a groove then tube, open initially at each end. Failure of these opening to close contributes a major class of neural abnormalities (neural tube defects).
Within the neural tube stem cells generate the 2 major classes of cells that make the majority of the nervous system : neurons and glia. Both these classes of cells differentiate into many different types generated with highly specialized functions and shapes. This section covers the establishment of neural populations, the inductive influences of surrounding tissues and the sequential generation of neurons establishing the layered structure seen in the brain and spinal cord. Neural development beginnings quite early, therefore also look at notes covering Week 3 neural tube and Week 4 early nervous system.
Historic Embryology |
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Sabin, F., & Knower, H. (1901). An atlas of the medulla and midbrain, a laboratory manual,. Baltimore: Friedenwald. |
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Medulla Oblongata Embryology <pubmed limit=5>Medulla Oblongata Embryology</pubmed> |
Development Overview
Neuralation begins at the trilaminar embryo with formation of the notochord and somites, both of which underly the ectoderm and do not contribute to the nervous system, but are involved with patterning its initial formation. The central portion of the ectoderm then forms the neural plate that folds to form the neural tube, that will eventually form the entire central nervous system.
- Early developmental sequence: Epiblast - Ectoderm - Neural Plate - Neural groove and Neural Crest - Neural Tube and Neural Crest
Neural Tube | Primary Vesicles | Secondary Vesicles | Adult Structures |
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week 3 | week 4 | week 5 | adult |
prosencephalon (forebrain) | telencephalon | Rhinencephalon, Amygdala, hippocampus, cerebrum (cortex), hypothalamus, pituitary | Basal Ganglia, lateral ventricles | |
diencephalon | epithalamus, thalamus, Subthalamus, pineal, posterior commissure, pretectum, third ventricle | ||
mesencephalon (midbrain) | mesencephalon | tectum, Cerebral peduncle, cerebral aqueduct, pons | |
rhombencephalon (hindbrain) | metencephalon | cerebellum | |
myelencephalon | medulla oblongata, isthmus | ||
spinal cord, pyramidal decussation, central canal |
Early Brain Vesicles
Primary Vesicles
Secondary Vesicles
Historic Ziegler Model
- Links: Ziegler Models
References
- ↑ <pubmed>20495559</pubmed>
Reviews
<pubmed></pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>18986852</pubmed> <pubmed>12850246</pubmed> <pubmed>1867385</pubmed>
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: Medulla Embryology | Medulla Oblongata Development
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 26) Embryology Neural - Medulla Oblongata Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Neural_-_Medulla_Oblongata_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G