Elephant Development: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
[[File:African elephant cow and calf.jpg|300px|thumb|alt=African elephant cow and calf|African elephant cow and calf]] | [[File:African elephant cow and calf.jpg|300px|thumb|alt=African elephant cow and calf|African elephant cow and calf]] | ||
* The average gestation age for {{elephant}}s is 660 days. | |||
* An infant elephant is called a '''calf''' and a newborn can weigh 90 to 120 kilograms (198 to 264 pounds). | |||
** The calf suckles milk from its mother taking up to 12 litres each day. | |||
* Adult male elephant is called a '''bull''' and can weigh up to 6,800 kilograms (15,000 pounds). | |||
* Adult female elephant is called a '''cow''' and can weigh up to 3,600 kilograms (8,000 pounds). | |||
:'''Links:''' | :'''Links:''' | ||
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* <ref><pubmed> | * '''Growth and development of the ovary and small follicle pool from mid fetal life to pre-puberty in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana)'''<ref name=PMID22824067><pubmed>22824067</pubmed>| [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/8/119 BMC Vet Res.]</ref> "Follicle numbers and developing ovarian morphology, particularly with reference to the presence of interstitial tissue, are intimately linked within the ovary of the African elephant during the period spanning mid-gestation to puberty. These have not been previously quantified in any studies. The collection of 7 sets of elephant fetal ovaries between 11.2 and 20.2 months of gestation, and 29 pairs of prepubertal calf ovaries between 2 months and 9 years of age. ...The small follicle populations of the late-fetal and prepubertal ovaries of the African elephant were described along with the changing morphology of these organs. The changes noted represent a series of events that have been recorded only in the elephant and the giraffe species to date. The expansion of the interstitial tissue of the fetal ovary and its continued presence in early post natal life may well contribute to the control of follicle development in these early years. Further research is required to determine the reasons behind the variation of numbers of small follicles in the ovaries of prepubertal calves." | ||
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== Taxon == | == Taxon == | ||
[[File:Elephant and calf.jpg|thumb|Elephant and calf]] | |||
* African forest elephant - Loxodonta cyclotis | * African forest elephant - Loxodonta cyclotis | ||
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:'''Links:''' | :'''Links:''' | ||
== Development Overview == | == Development Overview == | ||
{| | |||
| Days below are post-ovulatory. | |||
* 50 days - embryonic vesicle earliest observation | |||
* 62 days - embryo detectable | |||
* 71 days - embryonic heartbeat and allantois visible as a single sacculation | |||
* 76 days - allantois subdivided in four compartments | |||
* 95 days - head, rump, front and hind legs distinguishable | |||
* 95 to 103 days - choriovitelline placenta was replaced by the chorioallantoic placenta | |||
* 95 to 116 days - midgut herniation | |||
Data from<ref><pubmed>18387665</pubmed></ref> | |||
| [[File:Elephant fetal stages.jpg|400px|alt=Elephant fetal stages]] | |||
Elephant fetal stages | |||
|} | |||
==Ovary and Uterus== | |||
[[File:Elephant ovary and uterus.jpg|alt=Elephant ovary and uterus|800px]] | |||
Fetal and postnatal elephant ovary and uterus<ref><pubmed>22824067</pubmed>| [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/8/119 BMC Vet Res.]</ref> | |||
==Additional Images== | ==Additional Images== | ||
===Historic Images=== | ===Historic Images=== | ||
<gallery> | |||
Morgan 1925 fig63.jpg | |||
Morgan 1925 fig64.jpg | |||
</gallery> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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=== Reviews=== | === Reviews=== | ||
<pubmed></pubmed> | <pubmed>9835363</pubmed> | ||
=== Articles=== | === Articles=== | ||
<pubmed></pubmed> | <pubmed></pubmed> | ||
<pubmed></pubmed> | |||
<pubmed></pubmed> | |||
<pubmed>22991581</pubmed> | |||
<pubmed>16264100</pubmed> | |||
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== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
{{External Links}} | {{External Links}} | ||
{{Glossary}} | {{Glossary}} | ||
{{Footer}} | {{Footer}} |
Latest revision as of 01:28, 25 July 2019
Introduction
- The average gestation age for elephants is 660 days.
- An infant elephant is called a calf and a newborn can weigh 90 to 120 kilograms (198 to 264 pounds).
- The calf suckles milk from its mother taking up to 12 litres each day.
- Adult male elephant is called a bull and can weigh up to 6,800 kilograms (15,000 pounds).
- Adult female elephant is called a cow and can weigh up to 3,600 kilograms (8,000 pounds).
- Links:
Animal Development: axolotl | bat | cat | chicken | cow | dog | dolphin | echidna | fly | frog | goat | grasshopper | guinea pig | hamster | horse | kangaroo | koala | lizard | medaka | mouse | opossum | pig | platypus | rabbit | rat | salamander | sea squirt | sea urchin | sheep | worm | zebrafish | life cycles | development timetable | development models | K12 |
Some Recent Findings
|
More recent papers |
---|
This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Elephant Development <pubmed limit=5>Elephant Development</pubmed> |
Taxon
- African forest elephant - Loxodonta cyclotis
- African savanna elephant - Loxodonta africana
- Asiatic elephant - Elephas maximus
cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Opisthokonta; Metazoa; Eumetazoa; Bilateria; Deuterostomia; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Teleostomi; Euteleostomi; Sarcopterygii; Dipnotetrapodomorpha; Tetrapoda; Amniota; Mammalia; Theria; Eutheria; Afrotheria; Proboscidea; Elephantidae; Loxodonta
- Links:
Development Overview
Days below are post-ovulatory.
Data from[2] |
Elephant fetal stages |
Ovary and Uterus
Fetal and postnatal elephant ovary and uterus[3]
Additional Images
Historic Images
References
- ↑ <pubmed>22824067</pubmed>| BMC Vet Res.
- ↑ <pubmed>18387665</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>22824067</pubmed>| BMC Vet Res.
Reviews
<pubmed>9835363</pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed>22991581</pubmed> <pubmed>16264100</pubmed>
Books
Search PubMed
Search PubMed: Elephant Development |
External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
Glossary Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 4) Embryology Elephant Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Elephant_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G