Developmental Signals - Fibroblast Growth Factor: Difference between revisions
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* '''Tissue-specific roles of Fgfr2 in development of the external genitalia'''<ref name=PMID26081573><pubmed>26081573</pubmed></ref>Congenital anomalies frequently occur in organs that undergo tubulogenesis. Hypospadias is a urethral tube defect defined by mislocalized, oversized, or multiple openings of the penile urethra. Deletion of Fgfr2 or its ligand Fgf10 results in severe hypospadias in mice, in which the entire urethral plate is open along the ventral side of the penis. In the genital tubercle, the embryonic precursor of the penis and clitoris, Fgfr2 is expressed in two epithelial populations: the endodermally derived urethral epithelium and the ectodermally derived surface epithelium. Here, we investigate the tissue-specific roles of Fgfr2 in external genital development by generating conditional deletions of Fgfr2 in each of these cell types. These results demonstrate that urethral tubulogenesis, prepuce morphogenesis, and sexually dimorphic patterning of the lower urethra are controlled by discrete regions of Fgfr2 activity." [[Genital System Development]] | |||
* '''The precise timeline of transcriptional regulation reveals causation in mouse somitogenesis network'''<ref name=PMID24304493><pubmed>24304493</pubmed>| [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/13/42 BMC Dev Biol.]</ref> "In vertebrate development, the segmental pattern of the body axis is established as somites, masses of mesoderm distributed along the two sides of the neural tube, are formed sequentially in the anterior-posterior axis. This mechanism depends on waves of gene expression associated with the Notch, Fgf and Wnt pathways." | * '''The precise timeline of transcriptional regulation reveals causation in mouse somitogenesis network'''<ref name=PMID24304493><pubmed>24304493</pubmed>| [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/13/42 BMC Dev Biol.]</ref> "In vertebrate development, the segmental pattern of the body axis is established as somites, masses of mesoderm distributed along the two sides of the neural tube, are formed sequentially in the anterior-posterior axis. This mechanism depends on waves of gene expression associated with the Notch, Fgf and Wnt pathways." | ||
* '''Prolonged FGF signaling is necessary for lung and liver induction in Xenopus'''<ref name=PMID22988910><pubmed>22988910</pubmed></ref> "FGF signaling plays numerous roles during organogenesis of the embryonic gut tube. Mouse explant studies suggest that different thresholds of FGF signaling from the cardiogenic mesoderm induce lung, liver, and pancreas lineages from the ventral foregut progenitor cells. The mechanisms that regulate FGF dose in vivo are unknown. Here we use Xenopus embryos to examine the hypothesis that a prolonged duration of FGF signaling from the mesoderm is required to induce foregut organs....These results suggest that the liver and lungs are specified at progressively later times in development requiring mesoderm contact for different lengths of time. Our data suggest that this is achieved at least in part through prolonged FGF signaling. In addition to providing a foundation for further mechanistic studies on foregut organogenesis using the experimental advantages of the Xenopus system, these data have implications for the directed differentiation of stem cells into foregut lineages." | * '''Prolonged FGF signaling is necessary for lung and liver induction in Xenopus'''<ref name=PMID22988910><pubmed>22988910</pubmed></ref> "FGF signaling plays numerous roles during organogenesis of the embryonic gut tube. Mouse explant studies suggest that different thresholds of FGF signaling from the cardiogenic mesoderm induce lung, liver, and pancreas lineages from the ventral foregut progenitor cells. The mechanisms that regulate FGF dose in vivo are unknown. Here we use Xenopus embryos to examine the hypothesis that a prolonged duration of FGF signaling from the mesoderm is required to induce foregut organs....These results suggest that the liver and lungs are specified at progressively later times in development requiring mesoderm contact for different lengths of time. Our data suggest that this is achieved at least in part through prolonged FGF signaling. In addition to providing a foundation for further mechanistic studies on foregut organogenesis using the experimental advantages of the Xenopus system, these data have implications for the directed differentiation of stem cells into foregut lineages." |
Revision as of 11:32, 25 September 2015
Embryology - 14 May 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGF) were originally identified by their ability to stimulate fibroblast cell proliferation but have a role in a growing number of different tissues development and differentiation and continue to have a role in the adult.
The first two identified factors were originally given the nomenclature of acidic or basic. We now know there to be at least 22 different human FGFs (Fgf1–Fgf23). These protein growth factors are bound by 4 different cell membrane receptors (FGFR1-4). FGFRs belong to the tyrosine kinase receptor family.
The mammalian Fgf family can be divided into the intracellular Fgf11/12/13/14 subfamily (iFGFs), the endocrine hormone-like Fgf15/21/23 subfamily (hFGFs), and the paracrine canonical Fgf subfamilies, including Fgf1/2/5, Fgf3/4/6, Fgf7/10/22, Fgf8/17/18, and Fgf9/16/20.
Factor Links: AMH | hCG | BMP | sonic hedgehog | bHLH | HOX | FGF | FOX | Hippo | LIM | Nanog | NGF | Nodal | Notch | PAX | retinoic acid | SIX | Slit2/Robo1 | SOX | TBX | TGF-beta | VEGF | WNT | Category:Molecular |
Protein Properties
Human FGF
- ~150–300 amino acids
- have a conserved ~120-residue core with ~30–60% identity
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Fibroblast Growth Factor <pubmed limit=5>Fibroblast Growth Factor</pubmed> |
Endoderm
Chicken antero-posterior endoderm patterning[7]
- Links: Endoderm | Chicken Development
Mesoderm
A Putative Model for the role of Sprouty4 as a mediator that links the mouse segmentation clock to the gradient of FGF signaling. [8]
The FGF signaling may be periodically inhibited by Sprouty4, by which temporal periodicity of Notch segmentation clock may be translated to spatial periodicity of the array of somites.
- In the PSM - FGF signaling establishes a posterior-to-anterior gradient, which is involved in the positioning of presumptive somite boundaries.
- Cyclic Sprouty4
- which is controlled by the Notch segmentation clock, the mechanism of which includes negative feedback loop of Hes7,
- may inhibit the FGF signaling possibly around the anterior border of the FGF signaling positive area
- where the FGF signaling is close to its threshold.
- S - somite
- PS - presumptive somite.
- Links: Somitogenesis | Axial Skeleton Development | Notch | FGF
Abnormalities
- FGFR1 mutation has been associated with the relatively milder form of Pfeiffer syndrome type 1.
- FGFR2 and FGFR3 have been associated with the Apert, Crouzon and Pfeiffer syndromes.
References
- ↑ Itoh N. Hormone-like (endocrine) Fgfs: their evolutionary history and roles in development, metabolism, and disease. Cell Tissue Res. 2010 Oct;342(1):1-11. PMID20730630
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 <pubmed>24304493</pubmed>| BMC Dev Biol.
- ↑ <pubmed>26081573</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>22988910</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>21074523</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>19741606</pubmed>
- ↑ 19516907</pubmed>| PLoS One.
- ↑ <pubmed>19440349</pubmed>| PMC2680047 | PLoS One
Reviews
Articles
<pubmed>20582225</pubmed>
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