Talk:2017 Group Project 6
Student Projects: 1 Cerebral Cortex | 2 Kidney | 3 Heart | 4 Eye | 5 Lung | 6 Cerebellum |
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Student Page - here is the sample page I demonstrated with in the first labs.I remind all students that you have your own Group Forum on Moodle for your discussions, it is only accessible by members of your group. |
I have now added a discussion Forum for your group to Moodle. You can add your discussion here (available to everyone) or in your Moodle Group Discussion (available to only your group members).
The collapsible table below shows the assessment criteria that will be used for this group project.
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About the Discussion Page
This should be considered as the "other side" of the project page. It is an area where you can:
- Assemble resources.
- Add useful links.
- Discuss your project with team members. (Please do not use student names on any page on this Wiki)
- Paste your Peer Assessments. (Added anonymously, do not identify yourself)
Project Starting Places
Mark Hill (talk) 10:15, 14 August 2017 (AEST) OK Group 6 below are some starting places.
PubMed Searches: Cerebellum Development
BMC Dev Biol Search: Cerebellum Development
Cerebellum: links between development, developmental disorders and motor learning; [1]
Cellular commitment in the developing cerebellum [2]
Recent papers
<pubmed limit=5>Cerebellum+Development</pubmed>
Neural Development
(z5114433) will fix referencing stuff later #ceebsrn
Neural development is one of the earliest systems to begin and the last to be completed after birth due to its highly complex structure. The first step in neural development occurs at the end of week 3 and involves the folding of the neural tubes to form the cranial and caudal region of the embryo (https://discovery.lifemapsc.com/library/review-of-medical-embryology/chapter-26-embryonic-folding-and-flexion-of-the-embryo) . There is a high chance of neural dysfunction and defects during the fetal neural development particularly due to the long development time frame and the need of certain nutrients such as folic acid to successfully close the tubes. Neural tube defects (NTDs) such as spina bifida and anencephaly can arise if the tubes do not close effectively.
z5018156
Things to remember:
Coordinates muscular activities - walking, crawling, writing
Embryo doesnt need the musuclar activities
Prenatal - neurons develop to carry out those activities later on
Postnatal - wiring up
Neural tube
Comes from pontine flexure - 4th ventricle -- the cerebellum develops into this space
Lamination of the cerebellum
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19732611
Z5076158
Week 7 Work
What I could add: Paramotal cells, molecular layer, what cerebellum connects to, how they are remodeled postnatally Kahals research https://discovery.lifemapsc.com/library/review-of-medical-embryology/chapter-150-the-brainstem-metencephalon-fourth-vesicle-the-cerebellum - good reference LARSONS HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY TEXTBOOK The metencephalon gives rise to the pons and the cerebellum, the adjacent rhombic lips also contribute to the development of cerebellum. The pons functions to relay signals that link both the spinal cord and cerebral cortex with the cerebellum and the cerebellum is a centre for postural and balance control. Pontine nuclei relay information from cerebrum to the cerebellum. The cerebellum is first recognized as a pair of thickened cerebellar plates or cerebellar primordia. Adjacent rhombic lips gives rise to Cerebellar granule cells Major portion of the cerebellum consists of a narrow median swelling called the vermis and this grows faster than the flocculonodular which were the primitive part of the cerebellum and therefore becomes the dominant portion of the mature cerebellum. Folding: Primary fissure deepens by end of third month and divides vermis and hemispheres into a cranial anterior lobe and caudal middle lobe. Lobes divide further into lobules due to development of transverse fissures. This fissure formation and foliation continues throughout embryonic, fetal and postnatal life and this is done to increase the surface area of the cerebellar cortex. 2 types of grey matter present: - Internal deep cerebellar nucler - External cerebellar cortex 4 deep nuclei and all output of the cerebellar cortex is relayed through these nuclei. These nuclei and cortex are produced by a process called neurogenesis and neuronal migration 1. Dentate 2. Globose 3. Emboliform 4. Fastigular
4th month – germinal layers undergo cell division and this produces populations of cerebellar neurons. • Ventricular layer – purkinje cells, golgi cells, basket cells, stellate cells • Granule cells remaining from the cerebellar cortex (these arise from external germinal layer) • External germinal layer – primitive nuclear neurons these migrate to form deep cerebellar nuclei
Week 8 Work
PAPER 1995 Cerebellum – about: It consists of 3 layers with 2 principal classes of neurons Granule cells studies of naturally occurring mutations and targeted gene disruption that block discrete steps in development of this region Development of anterior portion of neural tube involves the formation of 3 brain vesicles: 1. Prosencephalon 2. Mesencephalon 3. Rhombencephalon Division of rhombencephalon into metencephalic vesicles and myelincephalic vesicles (this forms in day 9) Failure of neural tube closure creates gap along the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, which bows into a mouth-like structure as the tube bends to establish the pontine flexure. Further deepening this newly formed pontine flexure, bringing the mesencephalon (midbrain) closer to the primordium of the cerebellum (metencephalon); anterior aspects of the myelincephalon (brainstem) fold underneath developing the cerebellum plate.
Cells fated for cerebellum are derived from both the mesencephalon and metencephalic vesicles (rhombencephalon). Neuroepithelium of the mesencephalon generated majority of the cells in the cerebellar cortex: V-like area of mediodorsal aspect of the anlarge arose from a caudal movement of cells from the mesencephalon.
PAPER 2014 Cerebellum has a very basic structure: • Monolayer of inhibitory purkinje cells sandwiched between a dense layer of excitatory granule cells • Subpiled molecular layer of granular cell axons and purkinje cell dendritic fibres Granule cells receives inputs from outside the cerebellum and project to the purkinje cells, the majority of which then project to a variety of cerebellar nuclei in the white matter. The area designated for the cerebellum to reside (anlage) during development was located between hindbrain and midbrain. Regulation of patterning in this early stage (E9) of development shows to be particularly important for development of the uniquely mammalian midline expanded region of the cerebellum, “vermis”.
Specific cell types are allocated along the dorsoventral axis. For glutamatergic cells of cerebellum, remarkably prolonged establishment and an important dynamic process that takes place at most dorsal interface between neural and non-neural roof plate tissue, the rhombic lip. This phase generates the basic dichotomy between GABAergic and glutamatergic cell types that underlies the conserved Purkinje-Granule cell circuit. Cell type allocation proceeds a third, distinct temporal phase of development that extends into early prenatal (up to 2 years). In this phase, the principal derivative of the rhombic lip, the granule cell precursor, accumulates over the surface of the cerebellum and undergoes further rounds of symmetric division in a process of transit amplification that exponentially expands its numbers. The anlage of the cerebellum is a product of mechanisms of segmentation that establish iterated rhombomeric subdivision within the hindbrain just after neural tube closure. All cells of the cerebellum arise from dorsal rhomomere, a region definitively classified by absence of the expression of Otx and Hox genes. Majority of cerebellum arises from metencephalic (rostral) hindbrain.
Topic Selection
Hi group! I am personally interested in the development of the heart! Also, are you guys happy to exchange details after the lab tomorrow? - z5018156
Hi! Im happy to share details! And yeah heart would be interesting, but I was also thinking maybe the ear? that could be cool
Hey, yeah I was thinking the heart- I did a course on it last semester, but i also feel its quite generic and the other groups would do something similar. Shall we wait until the end of prac and find each other? Call out number 6 LMAO (z5114433)
Hey all! I'm pretty open about topics but I was leaning towards the eye? Unless that's too close to optom, (and it might be a popular subject too?) I'm fine with anything. Let's find each other after prac! -z5113034
The ear sounds good as well as the eye, theres also the lungs as well! We can just make a list and then decide as a group! - z5018156