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==Lab 5 Assessment== | ==Lab 5 Assessment== | ||
Questionnaire completed | Questionnaire completed | ||
==Lab 6 Assessment== | |||
Cleft palate, often occurring in conjunction with cleft lip is among the most common congenital malformations and involves abnormal facial development during gestation. Between the 4th week and the 6th-7th weeks of development, migrating neural crest cells of the anterior neural tube with the mesodermal cells form the facial primordia. From here the filtrum and primary palate are formed, by the merging of the nasal prominences to form the intermaxillary segment, which then fuses with the maxillary prominences to form the upper lip. The palatal shelves additionally grow out from the maxillary prominences. | |||
This complex process involves a variety of signalling molecules, transcriptions factors and cell-cell interactions, and an interference in the cascade can lead to the failure of fusion of the facial primordia, resulting in facial clefting. An important transcription factor expressed primarily in the palatal shelves and tongue during palatogenesis is TBX22. TBX22 is a member of a family of transcriptional regulators containing a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. Mutations of the TBX22 gene have been strongly linked with syndromic X linked cleft palate producing clefting of the palate and ankyloglossia, otherwise known as tongue-tie. | |||
Mutations of the TBX22 gene commonly occur as nucleotide alterations where amino acid substitutions, deletions and transitions may occur as well as sequence variants close to splice sites. These mutations lead to formation of truncated proteins, with missense mutations affecting amino acids within the DNA binding T box domain. Missense mutations of TBX22 primarily occur at major areas of contact with the target DNA, affecting and reducing the protein’s ability to bind to the DNA or even other binding proteins in the transcriptional complex. This loss in binding to DNA and other crucial proteins within the transcriptional complex therefore affects the downstream cascade of gene activation, and as a result the development and fusion of the palate. | |||
Through research it has been shown that a variety of genetic mutations involving genes such as TBX22, PVRL1, and IRF6 lead to facial clefting. However the location and type of mutation does not completely determine the severity of the clefting but rather environmental factors. Environmental factors such as alcohol, tobacco, and toxin exposure during pregnancy can also impact palatogenesis. | |||
1) <pubmed>14729838</pubmed> | |||
2) <pubmed>14722155</pubmed> |
Revision as of 21:17, 15 September 2016
Student Information (expand to read) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Individual Assessments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Please leave this template on top of your student page as I will add your assessment items here. Beginning your online work - Working Online in this course
Click here to email Dr Mark Hill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lab 1 Assessment - Researching a Topic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In the lab I showed you how to find the PubMed reference database and search it using a topic word. Lab 1 assessment will be for you to use this to find a research reference on "fertilization" and write a brief summary of the main finding of the paper.
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Lab 2 Assessment - Uploading an Image | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OK you are now in a group
Initially the topic can be as specific or as broad as you want. Chicken embryo E-cad and P-cad gastrulation[1] References
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Lab 4 Assessment - GIT Quiz | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ANAT2341 Quiz Example | Category:Quiz | ANAT2341 Student 2015 Quiz Questions | Design 4 quiz questions based upon gastrointestinal tract. Add the quiz to your own page under Lab 4 assessment and provide a sub-sub-heading on the topic of the quiz. An example is shown below (open this page in view code or edit mode). Note that it is not just how you ask the question, but also how you explain the correct answer. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lab 5 Assessment - Course Review | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Complete the course review questionnaire and add the fact you have completed to your student page. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lab 6 Assessment - Cleft Lip and Palate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Lab 7 Assessment - Muscular Dystrophy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Lab 8 Assessment - Quiz | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A brief quiz was held in the practical class on urogenital development. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lab 9 Assessment - Peer Assessment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Lab 10 Assessment - Stem Cells | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As part of the assessment for this course, you will give a 15 minutes journal club presentation in Lab 10. For this you will in your current student group discuss a recent (published after 2011) original research article (not a review!) on stem cell biology or technology.
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Lab 11 Assessment - Heart Development | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Read the following recent review article on heart repair and from the reference list identify a cited research article and write a brief summary of the paper's main findings. Then describe how the original research result was used in the review article.
<pubmed>26932668</pubmed>Development | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Lab Attendance
Z5018221 (talk) 14:41, 12 August 2016 (AEST)
Z5018221 (talk) 14:06, 19 August 2016 (AEST)
Z5018221 (talk) 14:13, 26 August 2016 (AEST)
Z5018221 (talk) 15:19, 2 September 2016 (AEST)
Z5018221 (talk) 13:21, 9 September 2016 (AEST)
Lab 1 Assessment
<pubmed>27462598</pubmed>
During the process of oocyte retrieval, a technique used in in vitro fertilization (IVF), oocytes may become exposed to ovarian endometriotic fluid, an event that is unlikely however possible in the clinical environment. Hashin et al. investigated the effect of various concentrations of human endometriotic fluid exposure on mice cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) by measuring fertilization, blastocyst formation and hatched blastocyst rate. COCs obtained from 46-week-old female mice were randomly divided into 5 groups and each exposed to differing concentrations of endometriotic fluid obtained from a 29-year-old patient during aspiration, for 5 minutes. Final concentrations were 0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5% and 5%. COCs were then inseminated with sperm retrieved from male mice. Fertilisation was assessed day 1 following insemination by formation of 2-cell, and blastocyst formation on day 5.
Results indicated no apparent difference between the endometriotic fluid treated groups and the non-exposed control group except for the 0.625% exposure group which had a higher fertilization rate. Blastocyst formation rate and hatched blastocyst rates were also similar between exposed and non-exposed groups, overall indicating no detrimental impact on fertilization, blastocyst formation, and hatched blastocyst rates, following exposure to differing concentrations of endometriotic fluid. Previous experiments have generated results proving otherwise such as an experiment by Piromlertamorn et al. using mice. It was shown that use of a single concentration of endometriotic fluid leads to similar results in fertilization and blastocyst formation rate, however a significant decrease in blastocyst hatching rate. Despite the result, the authors noted this decrease was also observed in serum-treated groups, providing conflicting results. Hashin et al. have additionally noted a few limitations to their experiment where the endometriotic fluid utilised was only from a single patient, and pregnancy and implantation rates were not analysed. The authors of the study stress that to truly assess the effect of endometriotic fluid on oocyte and embryonic development, the contents of the fluid should be studied further to determine cytoxic effect, and its effect on pregnancy and implantation.
Mark Hill 18 August 2016 - You have added the citation correctly and written a good descriptive summary of the article findings. I guess I am am wondering why the researchers expected human endometriotic fluid to have an effect on mice? Note the house mouse generally only lives about a year. | Assessment 5/5 |
Lab 2 Assessment
Ago2 and it's Importance in FGF Signalling in Mammalian Gastrulation
<pubmed>18166081</pubmed>
Mark Hill 29 August 2016 - All information Reference, Copyright and Student Image template correctly included with the file and referenced on your page here. Note though to display the reference citation correctly with the legend. You need to include the ref name for a citation, as shown below.
Code: <ref name="PMID18166081"><pubmed>18166081</pubmed></ref> Ago2 in Mammalian Gastrulation[1] |
Assessment 5/5 |
Referencing
Z5018221 (talk) 14:34, 5 August 2016 (AEST)
PMID 27486480
http://molecularcytogenetics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13039-016-0269-1
Lab 3 Assessment
Mark Hill 31 August 2016 - Lab 3 Assessment Quiz - Mesoderm and Ectoderm development. | Assessment 3/5 |
Lab 4 Assessment
Gastrointestinal Development in the Embryo
Lab 5 Assessment
Questionnaire completed
Lab 6 Assessment
Cleft palate, often occurring in conjunction with cleft lip is among the most common congenital malformations and involves abnormal facial development during gestation. Between the 4th week and the 6th-7th weeks of development, migrating neural crest cells of the anterior neural tube with the mesodermal cells form the facial primordia. From here the filtrum and primary palate are formed, by the merging of the nasal prominences to form the intermaxillary segment, which then fuses with the maxillary prominences to form the upper lip. The palatal shelves additionally grow out from the maxillary prominences.
This complex process involves a variety of signalling molecules, transcriptions factors and cell-cell interactions, and an interference in the cascade can lead to the failure of fusion of the facial primordia, resulting in facial clefting. An important transcription factor expressed primarily in the palatal shelves and tongue during palatogenesis is TBX22. TBX22 is a member of a family of transcriptional regulators containing a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. Mutations of the TBX22 gene have been strongly linked with syndromic X linked cleft palate producing clefting of the palate and ankyloglossia, otherwise known as tongue-tie.
Mutations of the TBX22 gene commonly occur as nucleotide alterations where amino acid substitutions, deletions and transitions may occur as well as sequence variants close to splice sites. These mutations lead to formation of truncated proteins, with missense mutations affecting amino acids within the DNA binding T box domain. Missense mutations of TBX22 primarily occur at major areas of contact with the target DNA, affecting and reducing the protein’s ability to bind to the DNA or even other binding proteins in the transcriptional complex. This loss in binding to DNA and other crucial proteins within the transcriptional complex therefore affects the downstream cascade of gene activation, and as a result the development and fusion of the palate.
Through research it has been shown that a variety of genetic mutations involving genes such as TBX22, PVRL1, and IRF6 lead to facial clefting. However the location and type of mutation does not completely determine the severity of the clefting but rather environmental factors. Environmental factors such as alcohol, tobacco, and toxin exposure during pregnancy can also impact palatogenesis.
1) <pubmed>14729838</pubmed> 2) <pubmed>14722155</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>18166081</pubmed>