Frog Development: Difference between revisions
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==Some Recent Findings== | ==Some Recent Findings== | ||
[[File:Xenopus red fluorescence.jpg|thumb|Xenopus red fluorescence<ref><pubmed>19549299</pubmed></ref>]] | [[File:Xenopus red fluorescence.jpg|thumb|Xenopus red fluorescence<ref><pubmed>19549299</pubmed>| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2706234 PMC2706234] | [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/9/37 BMC Dev Biol.]</ref>]] | ||
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Revision as of 10:53, 28 September 2010
Introduction
There are several different species of frog that have been used in many developmental studies. The frog was historically used by many of the early embryology investigators and currently there are many different molecular mechanisms concerning development of the frog.
The frog Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog, taxon) has been used in many embryological and electrophysiological studies (More? see Cell lineages). The advantages of this frog is the fertility cycle can be easliy controlled and the eggs develop entirely independently and easily visible to the investigator. You can see an overview of the Frog life cycle with links to specific stages as well as movies of the early process of gastrulation. Localization of maternal messenger RNA (eg vegetal and review) appears to play a key role in the development of early embryological patterns.
The frog species Rana pipiens (Leopard frog) in 1952 became the first successful nuclear transfer experiment. Nuclear transfer is an embryological technique, and involves removal of the nucleus from an egg and replacement with the nucleus of another donor cell. This experiment paved the way for what we know today as the field of cloning. (More? read recent PNAS Article Nuclear Transfer: Bringing in the Clones | Original 1952 Paper Briggs, R. & King, T. J. (1952) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 38, 455-463.)
In Australia Bufo marinus (cane toad) was a species introduced in 1935 to control cane insect pests. It has itself become an introduced pest and has also been studied/used more in order to try and biologically control. The area which they occupy has continued to expand. The toad has a poisonous secretion that is extremely toxic and should be handled with care at all times.
Links: 2009 ANAT2341 Group Project - Frog | original frog page
Some Recent Findings
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Taxon
Xenopus Laevis
Eukaryotae; mitochondrial eukaryotes; Metazoa; Chordata;Vertebrata; Amphibia; Batrachia; Anura; Mesobatrachia; Pipoidea;Pipidae; Xenopodinae; Xenopus
Rana pipiens
Taxonomy Id: 8404 Preferred common name: northern leopard frog Rank: species
Genetic code: Translation table 1 (Standard) Mitochondrial genetic code: Translation table 2 Lineage( abbreviated ):
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Amphibia; Batrachia; Anura; Neobatrachia; Ranoidea; Ranidae; Raninae; Rana
References
- ↑ <pubmed>19549299</pubmed>| PMC2706234 | BMC Dev Biol.
- ↑ <pubmed>20110330</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>19896938</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>19334283</pubmed>
Search Pubmed: frog development | xenopus development
External Links
Note the dynamic developmental nature of the Internet means that some links may not always work (search using the link term).
- Xenbase A database of information pertaining to the cell and developmental biology of the frog, Xenopus
- Xenopus Laboratory List A database of Labs studying Xenopus
- Xenopus Microarrays
- Xenopus Cell Biology
- The Xenopus Molecular Marker Resource An electronic library of information on embryonic development of the frog, Xenopus laevis.
- Index page for all Markers
- It also contains a collection of wholemount staining patterns
Molecular Markers of Development: cement gland XA, XAG, XCG
- early mesoderm; BMP2, BMP4, Chordin, goosecoid, Mix,[Marker_pages/organizer/noggin.html noggin], Xbra, Xnr3, Xwnt-8, XVent1 and XVent2
- endothelial; Xl-fli
- germ cells; Xpat
- heart; cardiac troponin I , XNKX-2.5, XTin1 (XNKX-2.3)
- lateral line; tor70, [Marker_pages/CNS/2G9.html 2G9]
- muscle; 5A3, 12/101, cardiac actin, XMyf-5, XMyoD
- neural crest; Slug, XTwist , xAP2
- notochord: Xnot, tor70
- pronephros; [Marker_pages/pronephros/3G8.html 3G8 ], Wilms' tumor (xWT1), Xlim-1, Xwnt-4
- pronephric duct; 4A6
- Frogs of Greater Brisbane Region (Australia)
- Developmental Biology- Laurie Iten's Serially Sectioned Frog and Chick Embryos
- Developmental Biology- Jeff Hardin's Amphibian Embryology Tutorial
- NIH- Organisms for biomedical research
Animal Development: axolotl | bat | cat | chicken | cow | dog | dolphin | echidna | fly | frog | goat | grasshopper | guinea pig | hamster | horse | kangaroo | koala | lizard | medaka | mouse | opossum | pig | platypus | rabbit | rat | salamander | sea squirt | sea urchin | sheep | worm | zebrafish | life cycles | development timetable | development models | K12 |
Glossary Links
- Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 27) Embryology Frog Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Frog_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G