Fly Development: Difference between revisions
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This is the classic mutation that gave rise to the discovery of Hox genes and other genes related to body pattern formation. In this mutant during development the fly embryo incorrectly positioned where antenna should have be | This is the classic mutation that gave rise to the discovery of Hox genes and other genes related to body pattern formation. In this mutant during development the fly embryo incorrectly positioned where (antenna) should have be two legs (pedia)<ref name="PMID108157" />. The discovery of this mutant in Walter Gehring's lab opened up the field of developmental genes and this field has been rewarded with the [http://www.nobel.se/laureates/medicine-1995.html 1995 Nobel prize in Medicine]. | ||
==Neural Development== | ==Neural Development== |
Revision as of 10:48, 13 July 2010
Introduction
This page introduces the fly, drosophila, as a developmental model organism. The small drosophila fruitfly has been used by genetisists for many years now and much is now understood about its development in relation to gene expression and regulatory mechanisms.
In recent years, using developmental mutants, many mechanisms of development in the fly have been shown to be almost identical to those seen in humans and other animals. In fact, these developmental mechanisms have become the "paradigm" for our understanding of development.
The fruitfly (drosophila) was and is the traditional geneticist's tool. It has been transformed to an magnificent tool for the embryologist, with many developmental mechanisms being uncovered in this system combined with homolgy gene searches in other species.
2009 ANAT2341 Group Project - Fly
Some Recent Findings
- Development of the imaginal wing disc[1] "LIM-HD gene tailup (islet), together with the HD genes of the iroquois complex, specify the notum territory of the disc. Later, tailup has been shown to act as a prepattern gene that antagonizes formation of sensory bristles on the notum of this fly. ...We conclude that tailup acts on bristle development by several, even antagonistic, mechanisms."
- The four-dimensional pattern of fly neuron development[2] "We show that segment-specific generation of the Ap cluster neurons is achieved by the integration of the anteroposterior and temporal cues in several different ways. Generation of the Ap neurons in abdominal segments is prevented by anteroposterior cues stopping the cell cycle in the stem cell at an early stage. In brain segments, late-born neurons are generated, but are differently specified due to the presence of different anteroposterior and temporal cues. Finally, in thoracic segments, the temporal and spatial cues integrate on a highly limited set of target genes to specify the Ap cluster neurons."
- Heart Development[3]"We used an optical coherence tomography imaging technique that provided images similar to echocardiography in humans to measure the cardiac function in adult flies. We identified mutants in members of the rhomboid protease family and epidermal growth factor receptor that cause an enlarged cardiac chamber. Interestingly, abnormalities in the function of members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family in humans that undergo certain chemotherapies are associated with the development of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Our results suggest that epidermal growth factor receptor signaling may be an evolutionarily conserved pathway that is necessary to maintain normal adult cardiac function."
Taxon
melanogaster group
Taxonomy Id: 32346 Rank: species group
Genetic code: Translation table 1 (Standard) Mitochondrial genetic code: Translation table 5 Lineage( abbreviated ): Eukaryota; Metazoa; Arthropoda; Tracheata; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila
Hox Genes
Fly wild-type head[4] | Fly antennapedia mutant head[4] |
This is the classic mutation that gave rise to the discovery of Hox genes and other genes related to body pattern formation. In this mutant during development the fly embryo incorrectly positioned where (antenna) should have be two legs (pedia)[4]. The discovery of this mutant in Walter Gehring's lab opened up the field of developmental genes and this field has been rewarded with the 1995 Nobel prize in Medicine.
Neural Development
Summary of neural development from neural stem cell population and the gene regulation involved.[2]
References
Journals
Developmental Dynamics
Journal of Neurobiology
- Special Issue: Unexpected Roles for Morphogens in the Development and Regeneration of the CNS Volume 64, Issue 4 (15 September 2005)
- Marques G. Morphogens and synaptogenesis in Drosophila. J Neurobiol. 2005 Sep 15;64(4):417-34.
Online Textbooks
Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th Edn) Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter. New York: Garland Publishing; 2002.
- Figure 21-24. Synopsis of Drosophila development from egg to adult fly
- Drosophila Begins Its Development as a Syncytium
- Figure 21-2. Homologous proteins functioning interchangeably in the development of mice and flies
Developmental Biology (6th Edn) Gilbert, Scott F. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc.; c2000.
- Early Drosophila Development
- Snapshot Summary: Drosophila Development and Axis Specification
- Limb formation
Search NLM Online Textbooks- "drosophila development" : Molecular Biology of the Cell | Molecular Cell Biology | The Cell- A molecular Approach
Reviews
<pubmed>15704150</pubmed> <pubmed>15261654</pubmed> <pubmed>14699588</pubmed> <pubmed>12801722</pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>16086608</pubmed>
Search PubMed
Search Aug2005 "drosophila development" 13228 reference articles of which 1899 were reviews.
Search Pubmed: fly development | drosophila development
External Links
Databases
There are a number of excellent internet resources for Fly development.
Flybase - A Database of the Drosophila Genome http://flybase.bio.indiana.edu/
The Interactive Fly - looks at genes and development http://www.sdbonline.org/fly/aimain/1aahome.htm
This site is very well organized and allows an exploration of the molecular mechanisms of development. Remember that this is where molecular mammalian embryology all started through homology.
Flybrain - An Online Atlas and Database of the Drosophila Nervous System
http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/
FlyServer - A Drosophila Image Database and A Drosophila Multimedia Database
http://pbio07.uni-muenster.de/
Fly Pages
Development of Drosophila - by Katherine Plewes, Becky Wong and Leon W. Browder http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/eduweb/virtualembryo/flies.html
BIO 114 Virtual Fly - lntroductory Biology Lab course at the WKU Glasgow extended campus http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol114/Vfly1.asp
Chapter 13A: Drosophila Development - Kenyon College http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol114/Chap13/Chapter_13A.html
Note: The dynamic nature of the web means that some Links over time change, it the above links no longer function search the web using thefirst bold term.
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 15) Embryology Fly Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Fly_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G