United Kingdom Statistics

From Embryology

Introduction

United Kingdom

This page links to the current online resources available to explore United Kingdom population and birth data. The UK National Statistics has detailed demographical information about the UK population.


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Some Recent Findings

  • 8 July 2016 Uptake, outcomes, and costs of implementing non-invasive prenatal testing for Down's syndrome into UK NHS maternity care[1] "Eight maternity units across the United Kingdom between 1 November 2013 and 28 February 2015. All pregnant women with a current Down's syndrome risk on screening of at least 1/1000. NIPT was prospectively offered to 3175 pregnant women. In 934 women with a Down's syndrome risk greater than 1/150, 695 (74.4%) chose NIPT, 166 (17.8%) chose invasive testing, and 73 (7.8%) declined further testing. Of 2241 women with risks between 1/151 and 1/1000, 1799 (80.3%) chose NIPT. Of 71 pregnancies with a confirmed diagnosis of Down's syndrome, 13/42 (31%) with the diagnosis after NIPT and 2/29 (7%) after direct invasive testing continued, resulting in 12 live births. ...Implementation of NIPT as a contingent test within a public sector Down's syndrome screening programme can improve quality of care, choices for women, and overall performance within the current budget. As some women use NIPT for information only, the Down's syndrome live birth rate may not change significantly. Future research should consider NIPT uptake and informed decision making outside of a research setting." | Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing Trisomy 21
  • 27 February 2014 Serious mitochondrial disease: new techniques to prevent transmission | Mitochondrial Donation PDF (More? Mitochondria | Assisted Reproductive Technology)


Neonatal Blood Test

UK Neonatal blood spot test - August 2013.jpg

UK Neonatal blood spot test (August 2013)

  • PKU - phenylketonuria
  • CHT - congenital hypothyroidism
  • SCD - sickle cell disease
  • CF - cystic fibrosis
  • MCADD - medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Note that UK conditions screened has changed in May 2014.

UK National Screening Committee - Newborn babies will be tested for four more disorders[2] "The test is already used to screen for phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. To these five conditions four more will now be added: homocystinuria, maple syrup urine disease, glutaric aciduria type 1, and isovaleric acidaemia."

Links: Guthrie test

Scottish Births

File-Scotland - spontaneous births 1980-2004.jpg

Scotland - Spontaneous births per 100,000 women of reproductive age (1980–2004)


Prevalence of congenital anomalies in five British regions, 1991-99

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005 Sep;90(5):F374-9.[3]

Rankin J, Pattenden S, Abramsky L, Boyd P, Jordan H, Stone D, Vrijheid M, Wellesley D, Dolk H.

School of Population and Health Sciences, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Newcastle, UK. j.m.rankin@ncl.ac.uk

AIMS: To describe trends in total and live birth prevalence, regional differences in prevalence, and outcome of pregnancy of selected congenital anomalies.

METHODS: Population based registry study of 839,521 births to mothers resident in five geographical areas of Britain during 1991-99. Main outcome measures were: total and live birth prevalence; pregnancy outcome; proportion of stillbirths due to congenital anomalies; and secular trends.

RESULTS: The sample consisted of 10,844 congenital anomalies, giving a total prevalence of 129 per 10,000 registered births (95% CI 127 to 132). Live birth prevalence was 82.2 per 10,000 births (95% CI 80.3 to 84.2) and declined significantly with time. The proportion of all stillbirths with a congenital anomaly was 10.5% (453 stillbirths). The proportion of pregnancies resulting in a termination increased from 27% (289 cases) in 1991 to 34.7% (384 cases) in 1999, whereas the proportion of live births declined from 68.2% (730 cases) to 58.5% (648 cases). Although similar rates of congenital anomaly groups were notified to the registers, variation in rates by register was present. There was a secular decline in the total prevalence of non-chromosomal and an increase in chromosomal anomalies.

CONCLUSIONS: Regional variation exists in the prevalence of specific congenital anomalies. For some anomalies this can be partially explained by ascertainment variation. For others (neural tube defects, diaphragmatic hernia, gastroschisis), higher prevalence rates in the northern regions (Glasgow and Northern) were true differences. Live birth prevalence declined over the study due to an increase in terminations of pregnancy.

PMID 16113153

Why Mothers Die 2000–2002

  • Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths (CEMD)[4]
  • Identified ectopic pregnancy as the fourth most common cause of maternal death (73% of early pregnancy deaths).
Links: Ectopic Implantation


Gestational Age - Neural Development

Special educational need by gestational age (UK data)[5]

"Gestation at delivery had a strong, dose-dependent relationship with special educational need (SEN) that was apparent across the whole range of gestation. Because early term delivery is more common than preterm delivery, the former accounts for a higher percentage of SEN cases. Our findings have important implications for clinical practice in relation to the timing of elective delivery."[5]]]

General Statistics

Population: 62,698,362 (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 22

Age structure

  • 0-14 years: 17.3% (male 5,575,119/female 5,301,301)
  • 15-64 years: 66.2% (male 20,979,401/female 20,500,913)
  • 65 years and over: 16.5% (male 4,564,375/female 5,777,253) (2011 est.)

Median age:

  • total: 40 years
  • male: 38.8 years
  • female: 41.1 years (2011 est.)

Population growth rate

  • 0.557% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 148

Birth rate: 12.29 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 162

Death rate: 9.33 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 64

Net migration rate: 2.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 32

Sex ratio

  • at birth: 1.052 male(s)/female
  • under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  • 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
  • 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female
  • total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Infant mortality rate

  • total: 4.62 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 189
  • male: 5.07 deaths/1,000 live births
  • female: 4.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

  • total population: 80.05 years country comparison to the world: 28
  • male: 77.95 years
  • female: 82.25 years (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

  • 1.91 children born/woman (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 139

HIV/AIDS

  • HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.2% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 107
  • HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:,85,000 (2009 est. country comparison to the world: 45
  • HIV/AIDS - deaths: fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 80

Ethnic groups

  • Ethnic groups: white (of which English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%, Northern Irish 2.9%) 92.1%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001 census)


Data: The World Factbook United Kingdom

References

  1. <pubmed>27378786</pubmed>
  2. Newborn babies will be tested for four more disorders, committee decides BMJ 2014; 348 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g3267 (Published 13 May 2014) BMJ 2014;348:g3267 UK National Screening Committee
  3. <pubmed>16113153</pubmed>
  4. Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths (CEMD) Why Mothers Die 2000–2002 PDFPDF2
  5. 5.0 5.1 <pubmed>20543995</pubmed>| PLoS Medicine

Books

  • National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK). Diabetes in Pregnancy: Management of Diabetes and Its Complications from Preconception to the Postnatal Period. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK); 2015 Feb. (NICE Guideline, No. 3.) Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK293625/
  • National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK). Intrapartum Care: Care of Healthy Women and Their Babies During Childbirth. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK); 2014 Dec. (NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 190.) Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK290736/
  • National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK). Antenatal and Postnatal Mental Health: Clinical Management and Service Guidance: Updated edition. Leicester (UK): British Psychological Society; 2014 Dec. (NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 192.) Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK305023/

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 19) Embryology United Kingdom Statistics. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/United_Kingdom_Statistics

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G