India Statistics

Embryology - 2 Dec 2023        Expand to Translate
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Introduction

India

This page links to the current online resources available to explore Indian population and birth data.

A recent UN study has identified a significant trend in falling female infants to male infants.

2014 - Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is currently 178 per 100 000 live births.

| Category:India

Some Recent Findings

India sex ratio (1951-2011)

National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme: Current status & future strategy Iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) constitute a significant public health problem globally. In India, the entire population is prone to IDDs due to deficiency of iodine in the soil of the sub-continent and thus both animal and plant source food grown on the iodine-deficient soil. IDDs encompass the spectrum of disability and disease and include goitre, cretinism, hypothyroidism, abortion, stillbirth, brain damage, learning disabilities, mental retardation, psychomotor defects, hearing and speech impairment. Iodine deficiency is known to be the single largest cause of preventable brain damage. IDDs with their causal association with brain development, cognition, and learning disabilities impair the human resource development and progress of the country. The children born in iodine-deficient regions on an average have 13.5 intelligence quotient (IQ) points lesser than children born in iodine-sufficient regions. IDD control programme in India is a public health success story, with 92 per cent of the population consuming iodized salt. The partnership between government agencies, academic institutions, salt industry, development agencies and civil society has been key to achieve this success story. The sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency in India is within reach, what is required is accelerated and coordinated effort by all key stakeholder at national and State level." Seroprevalence and Influence of Torch Infections in High Risk Pregnant Women: A Large Study from South India "The increased complications to the mother and fetus during or after pregnancy and birth are often caused by a wide array of pathogenic organisms mostly belonging to the TORCH group [toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV)]. These agents cause asymptomatic or mild infection in the mother while serious consequences in fetus. ...Maternal age of ≤25 years, primi gravida, and consanguinity contributed to fetal congenital malformation in the present pregnancy while maternal age of ≥30 years and ≥ 3 gravida towards BOH. Toxoplasma is protective while rubella and CMV are the infectious agents for HRP. Among the groups, toxoplasma and rubella conferred a predisposing risk towards Group 2 and Group 1, respectively. Sixty-one percent seropositvity of HSV in relation to bad obstetric outcome is the highest prevalence reported so far in India." Indian sex ration has fallen from 976 girls for every 1000 boys in 1961, to 927 in 2001 and to 918 in 2011. Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening - Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India "The neonates were subjected to a two stage sequential screening using the BERAphone. Neonates suspected of hearing loss underwent confirmatory testing using auditory steady state response audiometry and serological testing for TORCH infections and connexin 26 gene. ...Universal neonatal hearing screening using BERAphone is a feasible service, vital for early identification and rehabilitation of neonatal hearing loss. The estimated prevalence of confirmed hearing loss was comparable to that in literature. Overcoming the large numbers of loss to follow-up proves to be a challenge in the implementation of such a program." hearing test India 1 year without polio Eradication "India has not had a case of wild poliovirus nor detected the virus in sewage sampling since 13 January 2011." Polio Virus Neonatal Mortality Levels for 193 Countries in 2009 with Trends since 1990: A Systematic Analysis of Progress, Projections, and Priorities. " In 2009, an estimated 3.3 million babies died in the first month of life-compared with 4.6 million neonatal deaths in 1990-and more than half of all neonatal deaths occurred in five countries of the world (44% of global livebirths): India 27.8% (19.6% of global livebirths), Nigeria 7.2% (4.5%), Pakistan 6.9% (4.0%), China 6.4% (13.4%), and Democratic Republic of the Congo 4.6% (2.1%)." Sex ratio at birth in India, its relation to birth order, sex of previous children and use of indigenous medicine "Evidence from the second children clearly shows the sex-ratio is being manipulated by human interventions. More mothers with previous girls tend to use traditional medicines for sex selection, in their subsequent pregnancies. Those taking such medication do not seem to be helped according to expectations. They seem to rely on this method and so are less likely use more definitive methods like sex selective abortions. This is the first such prospective investigation of sex ratio in second children looked at against the sex of previous children. More studies are needed to confirm the findings."

More recent papers

This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link. This search now requires a manual link as the original PubMed extension has been disabled. The displayed list of references do not reflect any editorial selection of material based on content or relevance. References also appear on this list based upon the date of the actual page viewing. References listed on the rest of the content page and the associated discussion page (listed under the publication year sub-headings) do include some editorial selection based upon both relevance and availability. More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: India Embryology

Birth Weight and Nutrition

World population (countries more than 100 million)

• 28% of infants with low birthweight, 2005-2009
• 41% Early initiation of breastfeeding, 2005-2009
• 46% of children (2005-2009) who are: exclusively breastfed (<6 months)
• 57% of children (2005-2009) who are: breastfed with complementary food (6-9 months)
• 77% of children (2005-2009) who are: still breastfeeding (20-23 months)
• 48% of under-fives (2003 -2009) suffering from: underweight (NCHS/WHO), moderate & severe
• 43% of under-fives (2003 -2009) suffering from: underweight (WHO), moderate & severe
• 16% of under-fives (2003 -2009) suffering from: underweight (WHO), severe
• 20% of under-fives (2003 -2009) suffering from: wasting (WHO), moderate & severe
• 48% of under-fives (2003 -2009) suffering from: stunting (WHO), moderate & severe
• 66% Full coverage (2009) Vitamin A supplementation coverage rate (6-59 months)
• 51% of households consuming iodized salt, 2003-2009

(Data: Unicef 2011)

Links: Iodine Deficiency

Abnormal Development

• approximately half a million children are born annually with congenital malformations
  • most of which are related to genetic or chromosomal aberration
• estimated 9,000 babies with thalassaemia major
• estimated 5,200 babies with sickle cell disease
• estimated 21,000 babies with Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

Links: Trisomy 21 | Cell Division - Meiosis | Genetic Abnormalities

Cleft Lip and Palate

A study was conducted in 2001 in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, with a population of 76 million.

• birth rate of clefts was found to be 1.09 for every 1000 live births.
• 65% of the children born with clefts were males.
• type of cleft showed 33% had CL, 64% had CLP, 2% had CP and 1% had rare craniofacial clefts
• Unilateral cleft lips were found in 79% of the patients.
  • Of the unilateral cleft lips 64% were left sided.
• birth rate of clefts was found to be
  • comparable with other Asian studies
  • lower than found in other studies in Caucasian populations
  • higher than in African populations.

See also the 2010 review "A status report on management of cleft lip and palate in India".

General Statistics

Population 1,189,172,906 (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 2

Age structure

• 0-14 years: 29.7% (male 187,450,635/female 165,415,758)
• 15-64 years: 64.9% (male 398,757,331/female 372,719,379)
• 65 years and over: 5.5% (male 30,831,190/female 33,998,613) (2011 est.)

Median age

• total: 26.2 years
• male: 25.6 years
• female: 26.9 years (2011 est.)

Population growth rate

• 1.344% (2011 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 86

Birth rate

• 20.97 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 84

Death rate

• 7.48 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 117

Sex ratio

• at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female
• under 15 years: 1.13 male(s)/female
• 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
• 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female
• total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Infant mortality rate

The distorted world map above shows the relative distribution of early neonatal death by country. Note the over-representation of India compared with Europe, USA and Australia.

• total: 47.57 deaths/1,000 live births
• country comparison to the world: 51
• male: 46.18 deaths/1,000 live births
• female: 49.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

Links: Stillbirth and Perinatal Death

Life expectancy at birth

• total population: 66.8 years
• country comparison to the world: 161
• male: 65.77 years
• female: 67.95 years (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

• 2.62 children born/woman (2011 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 79

Age structure

• 0-14 years: 29.7% (male 187,450,635/female 165,415,758)
• 15-64 years: 64.9% (male 398,757,331/female 372,719,379)
• 65 years and over: 5.5% (male 30,831,190/female 33,998,613) (2011 est.)

Median age

• total: 26.2 years
• male: 25.6 years
• female: 26.9 years (2011 est.)

Population growth rate

• 1.344% (2011 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 86

Birth rate

• 20.97 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 84

Links: Birth

Death rate

• 7.48 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 117

Sex ratio

India sex ratio (1951-2011)

• at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female
• under 15 years: 1.13 male(s)/female
• 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
• 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female
• total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Infant mortality rate

• total: 47.57 deaths/1,000 live births
• country comparison to the world: 51
• male: 46.18 deaths/1,000 live births
• female: 49.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

• total population: 66.8 years
• country comparison to the world: 161
• male: 65.77 years
• female: 67.95 years (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

• 2.62 children born/woman (2011 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 79

HIV/AIDS

• 2.4 million (2009 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 4

HIV/AIDS - deaths

• 170,000 (2009 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 3

Major infectious diseases

• degree of risk: high
• food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
• vectorborne diseases: chikungunya, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria
• animal contact disease: rabies
• water contact disease: leptospirosis
• highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country

Ethnic groups

Data: The World Factbook India and other sources.

External Links

External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.

• Indian Government Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation | Statistics
• UNICEF Indian Statistics
• The World Factbook India
• Global Polio Eradication India

Glossary Links

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2023, December 2) Embryology India Statistics. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/India_Statistics

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© Dr Mark Hill 2023, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G