Y Chromosome

Introduction

Human Y chromosome

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes. Males have one X and one Y chromosomes (46, XY) and females have a pair of X chromosomes (46, XX). The Y chromosome is much smaller than the X chromosome and contains 50 million base pairs encoding approximately 200+ genes. The Sry gene, found in 1990, encodes is responsible for male sex determination. SRY mutations lead to XY sex reversal in humans, and XX mice with an SRY transgene develop as fertile males. Interestingly, the laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus, has at least 6 full length copies of the Sry gene.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag) The "HMG box" is a region that functions for DNA binding, DNA bending, protein interactions, and nuclear import or export.

The high mobility group (HMG) domain is a 79 amino acid protein region.

Sry Target Genes

Cerebellin 4 precursor (Cbln4) - encodes a secreted protein expressed in Sertoli cells in the developing gonad.^[1]

Testis-specific Protein Y Chromosome

Testis-specific protein on Y chromosome

Testis-specific Protein Y Chromosome (TSPY) is an ampliconic gene on the Y chromosome with an unknown function, though the protein that has been shown to interact with gonadoblastoma. A recent study suggests that TSPY serves as a repressor in androgen-induced tumor development in testicular germ-cell tumours (TGCTs).^[2]

Pseudoautosomal Regions

Sex chromosomes pseudoautosomal regions.

These are two intervals of sequence identity at the tips of both the Y and X chromosomes, the human pseudoautosomal regions PAR1 and PAR2.^[3] Loss of PAR1 has been associated with male sterility

References

↑ <pubmed>19211811</pubmed>| PMC2804802 | Biol Reprod.
↑ <pubmed>21041627</pubmed>
↑ <pubmed>18398439</pubmed>

Online Textbooks

Search NLM Online Textbooks "Y chromosome" : Developmental Biology | Endocrinology | Molecular Biology of the Cell | The Cell- A molecular Approach

Reviews

Articles

Search PubMed

Search November 2010 "Y Chromosome" - All (11590) Review (1052) Free Full Text (2688)

Search Pubmed: Y Chromosome | SRY

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 18) Embryology Y Chromosome. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Y_Chromosome

What Links Here?

[1] <pubmed>19211811</pubmed>| PMC2804802 | Biol Reprod.

[2] <pubmed>21041627</pubmed>

[3] <pubmed>18398439</pubmed>

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