BGDA Practical - Female Reproductive Tract Histology: Difference between revisions
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==Terms== | ==Terms== | ||
* '''corona radiata''' - layer of cells of cumulus oophorus remaining attached to zona pellucida of oocyte after ovulation. | |||
* '''corpus''' - (Latin, ''corpus'' = body). | * '''corpus''' - (Latin, ''corpus'' = body). | ||
* '''corpus albicans''' - (Latin, ''corpus'' = body + ''albicans'' = "whitish") a degenerating corpus luteum in the ovary. | * '''corpus albicans''' - (Latin, ''corpus'' = body + ''albicans'' = "whitish") a degenerating corpus luteum in the ovary. | ||
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* '''cortex''' - (Latin = rind, or bark) outer layer of an organ. | * '''cortex''' - (Latin = rind, or bark) outer layer of an organ. | ||
* '''cumulus oophorus''' - (Latin = ''cumulus'' = a little mound + Greek ''oon'' = egg + ''phorus'' = bearing) part of the wall of an ovarian follicle surrounding and carrying the oocyte. | * '''cumulus oophorus''' - (Latin = ''cumulus'' = a little mound + Greek ''oon'' = egg + ''phorus'' = bearing) part of the wall of an ovarian follicle surrounding and carrying the oocyte. | ||
* '''fimbria''' - (Latin, ''fimbria'' = a fringe) the fringed open ovarian end of the uterine tube. | |||
* '''follicle''' - (Latin, ''folliculus'' = little bag). | |||
* '''hilum''' - or hilus (Latin,= a trifle; depression in a seed) a depression at vascular entrance/exit of a gland or organ. | |||
* '''mesovarium''' - short peritoneal fold connecting the anterior border of the ovary with the posterior layer of the broad ligament of the uterus. | |||
* '''medulla''' - (Latin, ''medulla'' = pith, marrow) the inner portion of an organ, in contrast to cortex. | |||
* '''menstrual''' - (Latin, ''menstruus'' = monthly) relating to the monthly female sexual cycle. | |||
* '''mucosa''' - (Latin, = mucous membrane) thin layer which lines body cavities and passages formed by epithelium and lamina propria. | |||
{{Histology Glossary}} | {{Histology Glossary}} | ||
{{BGDAFooter}} | {{BGDAFooter}} |
Revision as of 14:48, 8 May 2013
Introduction
This current page provides background support information for Medicine phase 1 BGD Histology Practical Virtual Slides. Page does not form part of the BGDA practical class virtual slides.
- Virtual Slides: Female Histology
- Draft page (notice removed when completed).
Objectives
- Gain an overview of the microanatomy of the female reproductive system.
- Undertake a microscopical examination of the ovary, oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina and mammary glands. The functional significance of the various histological structures identified will be discussed.
Ovary
The external surface of the ovary has a cuboidal epithelium (germinal epithelium) overlying a dense connective tissue layer (tunica albuginea). The outer epithelium is continuous with the peritoneum (serosa) forming a peritoneal fold (mesovarium) between the anterior border of the ovary with the posterior layer of the broad ligament of the uterus.
Ovary structure (regions)
- cortex - cellular connective tissue containing the developing follicles.
- medulla - loose connective tissue containing blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves.
Ovarian Follicle
Corpus Luteum
Cells work together in the production of ovarian hormones that support the initial pregnancy. Progesterone is synthesized from cholesterol by both the large and small luteal cells upon luteal maturation.
Theca Lutein Cells
Granulosa Lutein Cells
|
Corpus Albicans
Hormone secretion in the corpus luteum ceases within 14 days after ovulation if the oocyte is not fertilised. In this case, the corpus luteum degenerates into a corpus albicans - whitish scar tissue within the ovaries.
Ovary Histology
Uterine Tube
(oviduct, Fallopian tube)
- uterine tube acts as a conduit for the oocyte, from the ovaries to the uterus.
- consists of a mucosa and a muscularis.
- peritoneal surface of the oviduct is lined by a serosa and subjacent connective tissue.
Tube Regions
infundibulum | ampulla | isthmus | intramural |
---|---|---|---|
funnel-shaped (up to 10 mm in diameter) end of the oviduct. Finger-like extensions of its margins, the fimbriae, are closely applied to the ovary. Ciliated cells are frequent. | mucosal folds, or plicae, and secondary folds which arise from the plicae divide the lumen of the ampulla into a very complex shape. Fertilization usually takes place in the ampulla. | narrowest portion (2-3 mm in diameter) of the tube located in the peritoneal cavity. Mucosal folds are less complex and the muscularis is thick. An inner, longitudinal layer of muscle is present in the isthmus. | penetrates the wall of the uterus. The mucosa is smooth, and the inner diameter of the duct is very small. |
Uterus
- parts - body (upper two-thirds) and cervix.
- walls - mucosal layer, the endometrium, and a fibromuscular layer, the myometrium.
- peritoneal surface of the uterus is covered by a serosa.
Myometrium
- smooth muscle fibres form several layers with preferred orientations.
- muscular tissue hypertrophies during pregnancy.
- GAP-junctions between cells become more frequent.
Endometrium
- simple columnar epithelium (ciliated cells and secretory cells) and an underlying thick connective tissue stroma.
- mucosa is invaginated to form many simple tubular uterine glands.
- glands extend through the entire thickness of the stroma.
- stromal cells of the endometrium are embedded in a network of reticular fibres.
Menstrual cycle
- hormones alter the endometrium.
- only the uterus body mucosa takes part in the menstrual cycle.
- endometrial layers (based on changes)
- basalis - remains during menstruation, functions as a regenerative zone for the functionalis.
- functionalis - lost during menstruation, functions as the site of cyclic changes in the endometrium.
- Uterus Histology Links: Labeled - proliferative phase | Labeled - gland proliferative phase | Labeled - secretory phase | Unlabeled - secretory phase | Unlabeled - late secretory phase | Labeled - gland secretory phase | Menstrual Cycle | Uterine Gland | Uterus Development
- Links: Menstrual Cycle - Histology
Vagina
Mammary Gland
File:Mammary_anatomy.jpg|thumb|Adult female mammary anatomy cartoon]]
The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin and their development is similar to that of sweat glands.
- compound branched alveolar glands
- consist of 15-25 lobes separated by dense interlobar connective tissue and fat.
- each lobe contains an individual gland.
- lactiferous duct - excretory duct of each lobe with own opening on the nipple.
lactiferous duct | lactating mammary gland |
---|---|
Terms
- corona radiata - layer of cells of cumulus oophorus remaining attached to zona pellucida of oocyte after ovulation.
- corpus - (Latin, corpus = body).
- corpus albicans - (Latin, corpus = body + albicans = "whitish") a degenerating corpus luteum in the ovary.
- corpus luteum - (Latin, corpus = body + luteum = yellow) major endocrine organ which is the remains of ovarian follicle after ovulation; yellow in ovary of cow where de Graaf (q.v.) first saw it.
- cortex - (Latin = rind, or bark) outer layer of an organ.
- cumulus oophorus - (Latin = cumulus = a little mound + Greek oon = egg + phorus = bearing) part of the wall of an ovarian follicle surrounding and carrying the oocyte.
- fimbria - (Latin, fimbria = a fringe) the fringed open ovarian end of the uterine tube.
- follicle - (Latin, folliculus = little bag).
- hilum - or hilus (Latin,= a trifle; depression in a seed) a depression at vascular entrance/exit of a gland or organ.
- mesovarium - short peritoneal fold connecting the anterior border of the ovary with the posterior layer of the broad ligament of the uterus.
- medulla - (Latin, medulla = pith, marrow) the inner portion of an organ, in contrast to cortex.
- menstrual - (Latin, menstruus = monthly) relating to the monthly female sexual cycle.
- mucosa - (Latin, = mucous membrane) thin layer which lines body cavities and passages formed by epithelium and lamina propria.
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 21) Embryology BGDA Practical - Female Reproductive Tract Histology. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/BGDA_Practical_-_Female_Reproductive_Tract_Histology
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G