Abnormal Development - Environmental: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 09:30, 29 May 2010

Introduction

Materal effects should really be called environmental (in contrast to genetic) removing the association of mother with the deleterious agent. Accepting this caveat, there are several maternal effects from lifestyle, environment and nutrition that can be prevented or decreased by change which is not an option for genetic effects.

Infections, collectively grouped under the acronym TORCH for Toxoplasmosis, Other organisms (parvovirus, HIV, Epstein-Barr, herpes 6 and 8, varicella, syphilis, enterovirus) , Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Hepatitis. See related pages on Maternal Hyperthermia and Bacterial infections.

Maternal diet the best characterised is the role of low folic acid and Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) see also Abnormal neural development and Neural Tube Defects and the sample environmental effects listed below.

Maternal drugs effects either prescription drugs (therapeutic chemicals/agents, thalidomide limb development), non-prescription drugs (smoking), and illegal drugs (Cannabis/Marijuana, Methamphetamine/Amphetamine, Cocaine, Heroin, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)

Environment (smoking, chemical, heavy metals) and maternal endocrine function (maternal diabetes, thyroid development) and maternal stress.

Different environmental effects can act individually or in combination on the same developing system. For example, neural development can be impacted upon by alcohol (fetal alcohol syndrome), viral infection (rubella) and/or inadequate dietry folate intake (neural tube defects). These effects may also not be seen as a direct effect on a system or systems but result in a reduced birth weight and the potential postnatal developmental effects.

Finally, when studying this topic remember the concept of "critical periods" of development that will affect the overall impact of the above listed factors. This can be extended to the potential differences between prenatal and postnatal effects, for example with infections and outcomes.

Historic Embryology
1915 Congenital Cardiac Disease \| 1917 Frequency of Anomalies in Human Embryos \| 1920 Hydatiform Degeneration Tubal Pregnancy \| 1921 Anencephalic Embryo \| 1921 Rat and Man \| 1966 Congenital Malformations

Some Recent Findings

References

Reviews

Articles

Search Pubmed

Search Pubmed: Cardiovascular System Development

Glossary Links

Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 27) Embryology Abnormal Development - Environmental. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Abnormal_Development_-_Environmental

What Links Here?

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 ==Introduction==
-How and why do things go wrong in development?
+Materal effects should really be called environmental (in contrast to genetic) removing the association of mother with the deleterious agent. Accepting this caveat, there are several maternal effects from lifestyle, environment and nutrition that can be prevented or decreased by change which is not an option for genetic effects.
+Infections, collectively grouped under the acronym TORCH for Toxoplasmosis, Other organisms (parvovirus, HIV, Epstein-Barr, herpes 6 and 8, varicella, syphilis, enterovirus) , Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Hepatitis. See related pages on Maternal Hyperthermia and Bacterial infections.
+Maternal diet the best characterised is the role of low folic acid and Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) see also Abnormal neural development and Neural Tube Defects and the sample environmental effects listed below.
+Maternal drugs effects either prescription drugs (therapeutic chemicals/agents, thalidomide limb development), non-prescription drugs (smoking), and illegal drugs (Cannabis/Marijuana, Methamphetamine/Amphetamine, Cocaine, Heroin, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)
+Environment (smoking, chemical, heavy metals) and maternal endocrine function (maternal diabetes, thyroid development) and maternal stress.
+Different environmental effects can act individually or in combination on the same developing system. For example, neural development can be impacted upon by alcohol (fetal alcohol syndrome), viral infection (rubella) and/or inadequate dietry folate intake (neural tube defects). These effects may also not be seen as a direct effect on a system or systems but result in a reduced birth weight and the potential postnatal developmental effects.
+Finally, when studying this topic remember the concept of "critical periods" of development that will affect the overall impact of the above listed factors. This can be extended to the potential differences between prenatal and postnatal effects, for example with infections and outcomes.
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