Salivary Gland Development
Introduction
The salivary glands arise as epithelial buds in the oral cavity between week 6 to 7 (GA week 8 to 9) and extend into the underlying mesenchyme. The three paired groups of salivary glands are named by their anatomical location: parotid, submandibular and sublingual.
The adult glands are mucoserous tubuloacinar glands, with secretory acini and the initial part of the duct system also participates in the secretory process.Secretions from glands close to the oral cavity are mainly mucous, while glands located further away from the oral cavity (parotid) are mainly serous. Structurally, each salivary gland is divided by connective tissue septa into lobes, which are in turn subdivided into lobules.
Some Recent Findings
|
More recent papers |
---|
This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Salivary Gland Development <pubmed limit=5>Salivary Gland Development</pubmed> |
Salivary Ducts
Gland ducts
intercalated -> striated -> excretory -> main excretory ducts
- Intercalated duct - region close to acinar neck are thought to contain salivary gland stem cells.
Parotid Gland
Overview neck region (week 8) | Parotid gland (week 8) |
---|---|
Parotid gland primordial of capsule propia (arrowheads). |
- C - Meckel’s cartilage
- CL - Cervical lamina
- I - Inferior alveolar nerve
- L - Lingual nerve
- M - Mandible
- MS - Masseter muscle
- P - Anlage of the parotid gland
Anatomy
Parotid Gland
- largest salivary gland
- located in the triangle surrounded by:
- superiorly by the zygomatic arch
- anteriorly by the masseter
- posteriorly by the sternocleidomastoid
- inferior pole mostly confined to the angle of mandible.
- medial pole mostly confined to the temporomandibular joints.
- parotid duct (Stenon’s duct) leaves the anterior border, passes anteriorly on the masseter, penetrates the buccinator, and opens into the buccal cavity.
- named after Niels Stensen (1638 - 1686) a Danish anatomist, natural scientist, and theologist.
- facial nerve (CN VII) penetrates the gland
Sublingual Gland
- locate superior of the mylohyoid
- superior border of sublingual gland appears as the sublingual fold in the oral floor.
- major sublingual duct (Bartholin’s duct) opens in the sublingual caruncle.
- numerous minor sublingual ducts on the sublingual fold.
Submandibular Gland
- locate inferior space of the mylohyoid.
- submandibular duct (Wharton’s duct)
- runs forward along the lingual nerve in the sublingual space
- opens in the sublingual caruncle
Lingual Gland
- Mucous glands are similar in structure to the labial and buccal glands. They are found especially at the back part behind the vallate papillæ, but are also present at the apex and marginal parts. In this connection the anterior lingual glands (Blandin or Nuhn) require special notice. They are situated on the under surface of the apex of the tongue, one on either side of the frenulum, where they are covered by a fasciculus of muscular fibers derived from the Styloglossus and Longitudinalis inferior. They are from 12 to 25 mm long, and about 8 mm. broad, and each opens by three or four ducts on the under surface of the apex.
- Serous glands (von Ebner's gland) occur only at the back of the tongue in the neighborhood of the taste-buds, their ducts opening for the most part into the fossæ of the vallate papillæ. These glands are racemose (clustered), the duct of each branching into several minute ducts, which end in alveoli, lined by a single layer of more or less columnar epithelium. Their secretion is of a watery nature, and probably assists in the distribution of the substance to be tasted over the taste area.
(text modified from Gray's anatomy)
Histology
Submandibular gland
|
Sublingual gland
|
Parotid gland
|
Lingual salivary gland
Circumvallate Papilla
Human Tongue ( lingual salivary gland, white adipose tissue, skeletal muscle)
References
- ↑ <pubmed>23209333</pubmed>
- 1897 Glands draft only.
Reviews
Articles
Search PubMed
Search term: Head Development | Parotid Development | Submandibular Gland Development | Sublingual Gland Development
Terms
Abbreviations: ( ) plural form in brackets, A. Arabic, abb. abbreviation, c. circa =about, F. French adj. adjective, G. Greek, Ge. German, cf. compare, L. Latin, dim. diminutive, NA. Nomina anatomica, q.v. which see, OF. Old French
- acinus (-i) - L. = a juicy berry, a grape; applied to small, rounded terminal secretory units of compound exocrine glands that have a small lumen (adj. acinar).
- Bartholin’s duct - see sublingual duct.
- buccal - L. bucca = cheek; related to cheek or mouth.
- circumvallate papillae - (vallate papillae) tongue largest and least numerous papillae (human 8 to 12) occur in depressions of the surface of the tongue and are surrounded with a trench formed by the infolding of the epithelium. Taste buds are numerous on the lateral surfaces of these papillae and the excretory ducts of serous glands (glands of von Ebner) open into the trenches surrounding the papillae.
- demilune - L. dimidius = half + luna = moon; crescent-shaped cap of serous cells over mucous alveolus in some salivary glands.
- ductus (-us) - L. = passage from L. ducere = to lead; tube lined by epithelium for exocrine glandular secretions to reach surface.
- filiform papillae - tongue smallest and most numerous papillae, provide a rough surface to aid in the manipulation and processing of foods.
- fungiform - L. fungus = mushroom + forma = a shape; of lingual papillae.
- fungiform papillae - tongue single evenly spaced between the filiform papillae. Epithelium is slightly thinner than on the remaining surface of the tongue and connective tissue core is richly vascularised.
- gland - L. glandula , dim of L. glans = an acorn, a pellet; term used to describe mesenteric lymph nodes (Herophilus, c. 300 BC).
- intercalated - L. inter = between + calare = to proclaim, calatus = inserted; of a duct inserted between the end of the gland (acinus, or alveolus) and a larger duct. Partially covered by myoepithelial cells
- intercalated duct - cuboidal epithelium, modify saliva, add bicarbonate ions (buffering) and absorb chloride.
- intramural - L. intra = within + murus = wall; within the wall of an organ.
- labial - adj. L. labialis = of the lips, L. labium = lip, rim of a vessel.
- lacteal - L. lac = milk ( lacteus = of milk, lactare = to suckle); intestinal lymphatic, containing chyle after a fatty meal.
- lining epithelium - non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium, covers the remaining (non-masticatory epithelium) surfaces of the oral cavity.
- lingual - adj. L. lingua = tongue.
- lips - outside (lined by skin) and inside (oral mucosa), vermilion border (prolabium) transition from the skin to the oral mucosa, forms only small part of the anatomical lips.
- lumen - L. = light; space enclosed by tubular or vesicular structure; hence luminal.
- masticatory epithelium - covers the tongue, gingivae and hard palate. Keratinised epithelium to different degrees depending on the extent of physical forces exerted on the epithelium.
- microvilli - epithelial cell apical surface specialisation seen in the small intestinal. These microfilament filled structures increase the surface area for absorption and secretion.
- mucin - L. mucus from G. muxa = snot, slime; protein constituent of all mucus; occurs as granules in secretory cells.
- mucosa - (-ae) L. = mucous membrane.
- mucus - L. = slime (adj. mucous).
- oesophagus - G. oiso = future of phero = I carry + pahgein = to eat; G. oisophagos = gullet, or tube carrying food from pharynx to stomach.
- oesophageal glands - located in the submucosa produce a mucous secretion, which lubricates the epithelium and aids the passage of food. Oesophagus closest to the stomach may also be mucosal mucus-producing glands, similar to the glands in the adjacent mucosa of the stomach.
- oral - adj. L. os, oris = mouth.
- palate - L. palatum = roof of mouth.
- palisade - L. palus = stake; like a fence of stakes.
- papilla - (-ae) L. = a teat, a nipple; a nipple-like projection, e.g., on the tonge (Malpighi, c. 1670; cf. circumvallate, filiform, foliate, fungiform, vallate); duodenal papilla (containing duodenal ampulla).
- parotid - G. para = beside + otos = of the ear; a salivary gland.
- parotid duct - (Stenson's duct) the major duct of the parotid gland that allows salivary gland secretions to empty into the oral cavity.
- ruga - (-ae) L. = a fold or wrinkle, e.g., in stomach.
- sac - L. saccus = sack, bag, from G. sakkos .
- salivary - L. saliva = spittle.
- secretion - L. secretus = separated; production of materials by glandular activity.
- serous - adj. L. = having nature of serum, watery fluid.
- Stenson's duct - see parotid duct. Named after Niels Stensen (1638 - 1686) a Danish anatomist, natural scientist, and theologist.
- striated ducts - modifies saliva (secretion of potassium and the absorption of sodium), columnar cells with the nucleus of located approximately midways between the apical and basal cell surfaces. Striations are found in the basal part of the cytoplasm of the cells, where numerous mitochondria are found between infoldings of the basal cell membrane. These cells can also take up a secretable form of antibodies and release them into the saliva.
- sublingual caruncle - location on either side of the frenulum linguae on the sublingual surface of the tongue.
- sublingual duct - (major sublingual duct, Bartholin’s duct) from the sublingual gland that opens in the sublingual caruncle. There are also numerous minor sublingual ducts opening on the sublingual fold.
- submandibular - adj. L. " + mandibula = jaw.
- submandibular duct - (Wharton’s duct) from the submandibular gland, runs forward along the lingual nerve in the sublingual space and opens in the sublingual caruncle.
- tongue muscles - skeletal muscle organized into strands oriented more or less perpendicular to each other.
- tongue nerves - movement (XII, hypoglossal nerve - motor) and sensory information. (V, trigeminal nerve - sensory - anterior two-thirds; VII, facial nerve - taste; IX, glossopharyngeal nerve - sensory/taste - posterior one-third).
- tonsil - L. tonsilla (origin obscure); mass of lymphocytes close to an epithelium, e.g., lingual tonsil, palatine tonsil (the "tonsil"), pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid, tonsil of Luschka, q.v.), tubal tonsil (of auditory tube).
- tubuloacinar gland - secretory acini with the first part of the duct system also participating in the secretory process.
- vallate papillae - see circumvallate papillae.
- von Ebner's glands - serous glands associated with circumvallate papillae, their ducts open into the trenches surrounding the papillae ("rinsing glands").
- Wharton’s duct - see submandibular duct. Named after Thomas Wharton (1614–1673) an English anatomist also known for umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly.
GIT Links: Introduction | Medicine Lecture | Science Lecture | endoderm | mouth | oesophagus | stomach | liver | gallbladder | Pancreas | intestine | mesentery | tongue | taste | enteric nervous system | Stage 13 | Stage 22 | gastrointestinal abnormalities | Movies | Postnatal | milk | tooth | salivary gland | BGD Lecture | BGD Practical | GIT Terms | Category:Gastrointestinal Tract | ||||
|
Glossary Links
- Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 27) Embryology Salivary Gland Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Salivary_Gland_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G