Echidna Development: Difference between revisions
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Historic drawings of Echidna embryology (1894).<ref>Semon, R. '''Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Monotremen.''' Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena (Embryology of the monotremes. Proceedings of the Medical and Natural Sciences Society in Jena) (1894) 5: 61–74.</ref> | Historic drawings of Echidna embryology (1894).<ref>Semon, R. '''Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Monotremen.''' Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena (Embryology of the monotremes. Proceedings of the Medical and Natural Sciences Society in Jena) (1894) 5: 61–74.</ref> | ||
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==Evolution== | ==Evolution== |
Revision as of 15:43, 14 October 2011
Introduction
The Echidna family consists of 2 major groups the short-beaked in Australia and long-beaked in New Guinea and Indonesia (Irian Jaya). Together with the platypus these are the only 3 surviving genera of the order Monotremata.
The echidna is a unique egg-laying mammal, the embryo is referred too as a "puggle" (not to be confused with the dog breed, produced by mating a Pug with a Beagle) and is not a common animal model of mammalian embryonic development.
The New Guinea long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus bruijni bartoni) is currently on the endangered category (More? Zoo Threatened Species list)
Some Recent Findings
|
Taxon
Short-beaked Echidna - Tachyglossus aculeatus
Long-beaked Echidna - Zaglossus bruijni
Tachyglossus aculeatus Lineage (full) cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Fungi/Metazoa group; Metazoa; Eumetazoa; Bilateria; Coelomata; Deuterostomia; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Teleostomi; Euteleostomi; Sarcopterygii; Tetrapoda; Amniota; Mammalia; Prototheria; Monotremata; Tachyglossidae; Tachyglossus
Echidna Zaglossus bruijn Lineage (full) cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Fungi/Metazoa group; Metazoa; Eumetazoa; Bilateria; Coelomata; Deuterostomia; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Teleostomi; Euteleostomi; Sarcopterygii; Tetrapoda; Amniota; Mammalia; Prototheria; Monotremata; Tachyglossidae
Development Overview
Gestation is from 22 to 23 days. (based upon 20 observed matings and documenting 30 incidences of egg laying, Rismiller, 1999).
Egg only a single egg is generally laid.
Incubation lasts for approximately 10 days after laying, the hatched embryo (puggle) requires further development.
Embryo after hatching hangs from hairs and succles from a "mammary gland" (mammary hairs) in the pouch for approximately 50 days and continues to develop.
Historic drawings of Echidna embryology (1894).[6]
Evolution
The oldest platypus and its bearing on divergence timing of the platypus and echidna clades. Rowe T, Rich TH, Vickers-Rich P, Springer M, Woodburne MO. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jan 29;105(4):1238-42. Epub 2008 Jan 23. PMID: 18216270
- "Monotremes have left a poor fossil record, and paleontology has been virtually mute during two decades of discussion about molecular clock estimates of the timing of divergence between the platypus and echidna clades. ...Strict molecular clock estimates of the divergence between platypus and echidnas range from 17 to 80 Ma, but Teinolophos (Early Cretaceous fossil) suggests that the two monotreme clades were already distinct in the Early Cretaceous, and that their divergence may predate even the oldest strict molecular estimates by at least 50%."
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 <pubmed>19562080</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>21521190</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>19874726</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>16244467</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>16198535</pubmed>
- ↑ Semon, R. Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Monotremen. Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena (Embryology of the monotremes. Proceedings of the Medical and Natural Sciences Society in Jena) (1894) 5: 61–74.
Reviews
<pubmed>14667851</pubmed> <pubmed>14667856</pubmed> <pubmed>14667846</pubmed> <pubmed>11999298</pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>16435291</pubmed> <pubmed>16244467</pubmed> <pubmed>2048749</pubmed> <pubmed>8103529</pubmed> <pubmed>12476054</pubmed> <pubmed>6864661</pubmed>
Books
The Echidna: Australia's Enigma (Hardcover, 1999), by Peggy Rismiller (Amazon Link) "The oldest surviving mammal on the planet is also one of the most intriguing. Peggy Rismiller, the world's foremost echidna expert, traces the history of this fascinating animal that is native to Australia and New Guinea. A combination of mammal, reptile, and marsupial, echidnas produce milk, but unlike mammals, they are egg-laying creatures and, like marsupials, they have a modified pouch for nurturing their young. This odd animal has two backward-facing appendages and two forward-facing ones. These and other bizarre biological traits are discussed in detail in this thorough guide. Amazing photographs of echidnas enliven Rismiller's text, which includes Aboriginal tribal legends about the animal as well as the latest information on biological research being conducted today. With fossils dating back 120 million years, the echidna lived alongside dinosaurs, but unlike the giant reptiles, it survived. Its story and biology teach a fascinating lesson about endurance, survival, and sustainability."
American Museum Novitates (American Museum of Natural History) Van Deusen, H. M., and G. G. George. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 90. Notes on the echidnas (Mammalia: Tachyglossidae) of New Guinea. American Museum Novitates, 2383:1-23 (1969)
Search PubMed
Search Jan2006 "Echidna development" 303 reference articles of which 20 were reviews.
Search PubMed: Echidna development | monotreme development
External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
- Pelican Lagoon Research & Wildlife Centre Echidna Research
- International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List | Zaglossus bruijni Australasian Marsupial & Monotreme Specialist Group 1996. Zaglossus bruijni. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 13 February 2006.
- The Australian Mammal Society Species Short-beaked Echidna | Long-beaked Echidna
- Access Excellence The National Health Museum (USA) Australian Mammals: Evolutionary Development as a Result of Geographic Isolation
- Science Alert CRCA Media Release 05/29 Echidna milk to reveal its secrets for dairy
- Echidna Gallery
- Wombaroo Food Products Echidna Milk Replacer
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 10) Embryology Echidna Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Echidna_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G