Y Chromosome: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
[[File:Human Y chromosome.jpg|thumb|Human Y chromosome]] | [[File:Human Y chromosome.jpg|thumb|Human Y chromosome]] | ||
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes. Males have one X and one Y chromosomes (46, XY) and females have a pair of [[X_Chromosome|X chromosomes]] (46, XX). The Y chromosome is much smaller than the X chromosome and contains 50 million base pairs encoding approximately 200+ genes. The Sry gene, found in 1990, encodes is responsible for male sex determination. SRY mutations lead to XY sex reversal in humans, and XX mice with an SRY transgene develop as fertile males. | Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes. Males have one X and one Y chromosomes (46, XY) and females have a pair of [[X_Chromosome|X chromosomes]] (46, XX). The Y chromosome is much smaller than the X chromosome and contains 50 million base pairs encoding approximately 200+ genes. The Sry gene, found in 1990, encodes is responsible for male sex determination. SRY mutations lead to XY sex reversal in humans, and XX mice with an SRY transgene develop as fertile males. Interestingly, the laboratory rat, ''Rattus norvegicus'', has at least 6 full length copies of the Sry gene.<ref><pubmed>17408480</pubmed>| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1852568 PMC1852568] | [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/8/11 BMC Genet.] | ||
The male-specific region of the human Y chromosome was originally called the non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY). This region consists of three different classes of euchromatic sequences: | The male-specific region of the human Y chromosome was originally called the non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY). This region consists of three different classes of euchromatic sequences: | ||
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# X-degenerate | # X-degenerate | ||
# ampliconic sequences | # ampliconic sequences | ||
{{Template:Genital Links}} | {{Template:Genital Links}} | ||
Revision as of 20:48, 9 November 2010
Introduction
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes. Males have one X and one Y chromosomes (46, XY) and females have a pair of X chromosomes (46, XX). The Y chromosome is much smaller than the X chromosome and contains 50 million base pairs encoding approximately 200+ genes. The Sry gene, found in 1990, encodes is responsible for male sex determination. SRY mutations lead to XY sex reversal in humans, and XX mice with an SRY transgene develop as fertile males. Interestingly, the laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus, has at least 6 full length copies of the Sry gene.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag) The "HMG box" is a region that functions for DNA binding, DNA bending, protein interactions, and nuclear import or export.
The high mobility group (HMG) domain is a 79 amino acid protein region.
Sry Target Genes
Cerebellin 4 precursor (Cbln4) - encodes a secreted protein expressed in Sertoli cells in the developing gonad.[1]
Testis-specific Protein Y Chromosome
Testis-specific Protein Y Chromosome (TSPY) is an ampliconic gene on the Y chromosome with an unknown function, though the protein that has been shown to interact with gonadoblastoma. A recent study suggests that TSPY serves as a repressor in androgen-induced tumor development in testicular germ-cell tumours (TGCTs).[2]
Pseudoautosomal Regions
These are two intervals of sequence identity at the tips of both the Y and X chromosomes, the human pseudoautosomal regions PAR1 and PAR2.[3] Loss of PAR1 has been associated with male sterility
References
- ↑ <pubmed>19211811</pubmed>| PMC2804802 | Biol Reprod.
- ↑ <pubmed>21041627</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>18398439</pubmed>
Online Textbooks
Search NLM Online Textbooks "Y chromosome" : Developmental Biology | Endocrinology | Molecular Biology of the Cell | The Cell- A molecular Approach
Reviews
<pubmed>20005972</pubmed> <pubmed>19699459</pubmed> <pubmed>18062864</pubmed> <pubmed>17237341</pubmed> <pubmed>15949865</pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>21039604</pubmed> <pubmed>2030730</pubmed> <pubmed>1695712</pubmed>
Search PubMed
Search November 2010 "Y Chromosome" - All (11590) Review (1052) Free Full Text (2688)
Search Pubmed: Y Chromosome | SRY
- Carnegie Stages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | About Stages | Timeline
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 2) Embryology Y Chromosome. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Y_Chromosome
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G
