Monosomy: Difference between revisions
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==International Classification of Diseases== | ==International Classification of Diseases== | ||
ICD-11 https://icd.who.int/dev11/f/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1987089698 | |||
[[International_Classification_of_Diseases#Chromosomal_abnormalities.2C_not_elsewhere_classified_.28Q90-Q99.29|Chromosomal abnormalities, not elsewhere classified]] (Q90-Q99) | [[International_Classification_of_Diseases#Chromosomal_abnormalities.2C_not_elsewhere_classified_.28Q90-Q99.29|Chromosomal abnormalities, not elsewhere classified]] (Q90-Q99) | ||
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* Is devoid of the homeobox gene, SHOX (short stature homeobox), the deletion being prior to the junction between Xp22.2 and Xp22.3 | * Is devoid of the homeobox gene, SHOX (short stature homeobox), the deletion being prior to the junction between Xp22.2 and Xp22.3 | ||
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===ICD-11 Descriptions=== | |||
Karyotype 45, X | |||
* Karyotype missing one X chromosome (45, X0 or 45,XO/46,XX mosaicism) ; gonads: ovaries (streak); phenotype female with short stature, amenorrhea (hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism), absence of sexual development, webbed neck, low set ears, posterior hairline, widely-spaced nipples, short fourth metacarpals, and increased carrying angle at the elbow (cubitus valgus). Often associated with renal, cardiac and ocular abnormalities. | |||
Karyotype 46, X iso Xq | |||
* A disease affecting females, caused by one of the two X chromosomes consisting of two q arms, which are structurally identical and contain the same genes. This disease may present with short stature, extra folds of skin on the neck, a low hairline at the back of the neck, puffiness or swelling of the hands and feet, skeletal abnormalities, ovarian hypofunction or premature ovarian failure, kidney problems, or heart defects. This disease may be differentiated from classical Turner Syndrome by a near complete lack of gonadal development, resulting in a lack of menstruation or breast development. Confirmation is through observation of an iso Xq chromosome by karyotyping. | |||
Mosaicism, 45, X, 46, XX or XY | |||
* A disease caused by embryonic fusion, or by the loss of one of the sex chromosomes from a cell early in embryonic development; Gonadal status: normal or variable abnormalities of sexual anatomy, maturation or function. Phenotype: normal, or abnormal sexual development. | |||
==Monosomy 18p Syndrome== | ==Monosomy 18p Syndrome== | ||
Revision as of 09:36, 31 July 2018
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Introduction
Monosomy refers to the presence of only one chromosome from the normal pair in the embryo. A partial monosomy is when there is only one copy of a segment of a chromosome present.
A complete monosomy syndrome in female humans is seen in Turner syndrome (Monosomy X) associated with either a missing or altered second X chromosome.
A partial monosomy syndrome in humans is seen in Cri du Chat (cat's cry) syndrome associated with a piece of chromosome 5 is missing.
Other described autosomal monosomies include chromosomes: 3, 7, 11 Jacobsen Syndrome, 18 Monosomy 18p Syndrome and 21.
Genital System - Abnormalities
Some Recent Findings
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More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Monosomy <pubmed limit=5>Monosomy</pubmed> |
International Classification of Diseases
ICD-11 https://icd.who.int/dev11/f/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1987089698
Chromosomal abnormalities, not elsewhere classified (Q90-Q99)
Q93 Monosomies and deletions from the autosomes, not elsewhere classified
Q96 Turner's syndrome Excl.: Noonan's syndrome (Q87.1)
Prenatal Diagnosis
The most common prenatal diagnosis is by either amniocentesis or chorionic villi sampling.
Movies
Monosomy |
Page | Play |
Monosomy X
Monosomy XO or Turner's syndrome results in 99% non-viable embryos, viable development fail to sexually mature at puberty.
Named after Henry Turner (1938), an American clinician who first described the condition.
ICD-11 Descriptions
Karyotype 45, X
- Karyotype missing one X chromosome (45, X0 or 45,XO/46,XX mosaicism) ; gonads: ovaries (streak); phenotype female with short stature, amenorrhea (hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism), absence of sexual development, webbed neck, low set ears, posterior hairline, widely-spaced nipples, short fourth metacarpals, and increased carrying angle at the elbow (cubitus valgus). Often associated with renal, cardiac and ocular abnormalities.
Karyotype 46, X iso Xq
- A disease affecting females, caused by one of the two X chromosomes consisting of two q arms, which are structurally identical and contain the same genes. This disease may present with short stature, extra folds of skin on the neck, a low hairline at the back of the neck, puffiness or swelling of the hands and feet, skeletal abnormalities, ovarian hypofunction or premature ovarian failure, kidney problems, or heart defects. This disease may be differentiated from classical Turner Syndrome by a near complete lack of gonadal development, resulting in a lack of menstruation or breast development. Confirmation is through observation of an iso Xq chromosome by karyotyping.
Mosaicism, 45, X, 46, XX or XY
- A disease caused by embryonic fusion, or by the loss of one of the sex chromosomes from a cell early in embryonic development; Gonadal status: normal or variable abnormalities of sexual anatomy, maturation or function. Phenotype: normal, or abnormal sexual development.
Monosomy 18p Syndrome
Monosomy 18p syndrome facial features[2]
A flat midface, mild ptosis, large ears with detached pinnae and short protruding upper lip.
Jacobsen Syndrome
Jacobsen syndrome (JS) is a rare partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11.[3]
Cri du Chat Syndrome
Chromosome 5P Deletion Syndrome or "Cri du Chat" (cat's cry) is a partial monosomy syndrome occurring in humans (1:15,000 to 1:50,000 live-born infants) associated with a piece of chromosome 5 is missing, see reviews.[4][5]
Clinical Features | Malformations (infrequently associated) |
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- Links: OMIM123450 | Cri du Chat - audio recording
References
- ↑ Lucaccioni L, Wong SC, Smyth A, Lyall H, Dominiczak A, Ahmed SF & Mason A. (2015). Turner syndrome--issues to consider for transition to adulthood. Br. Med. Bull. , 113, 45-58. PMID: 25533182 DOI.
- ↑ Turleau C. (2008). Monosomy 18p. Orphanet J Rare Dis , 3, 4. PMID: 18284672 DOI.
- ↑ Mattina T, Perrotta CS & Grossfeld P. (2009). Jacobsen syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis , 4, 9. PMID: 19267933 DOI.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cerruti Mainardi P. (2006). Cri du Chat syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis , 1, 33. PMID: 16953888 DOI.
- ↑ Rodríguez-Caballero A, Torres-Lagares D, Rodríguez-Pérez A, Serrera-Figallo MA, Hernández-Guisado JM & Machuca-Portillo G. (2010). Cri du chat syndrome: a critical review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal , 15, e473-8. PMID: 20038906
Reviews
Agarwal P, Philip R, Gutch M & Gupta KK. (2013). The other side of Turner's: Noonan's syndrome. Indian J Endocrinol Metab , 17, 794-8. PMID: 24083159 DOI.
Hong D, Scaletta Kent J & Kesler S. (2009). Cognitive profile of Turner syndrome. Dev Disabil Res Rev , 15, 270-8. PMID: 20014362 DOI.
Turleau C. (2008). Monosomy 18p. Orphanet J Rare Dis , 3, 4. PMID: 18284672 DOI.
Cerruti Mainardi P. (2006). Cri du Chat syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis , 1, 33. PMID: 16953888 DOI.
Ross J, Zinn A & McCauley E. (2000). Neurodevelopmental and psychosocial aspects of Turner syndrome. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev , 6, 135-41. PMID: 10899807 <135::AID-MRDD8>3.0.CO;2-K DOI.
Articles
Ross JL, Roeltgen D, Kushner H, Wei F & Zinn AR. (2000). The Turner syndrome-associated neurocognitive phenotype maps to distal Xp. Am. J. Hum. Genet. , 67, 672-81. PMID: 10931762 DOI.
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Search Pubmed: Monosomy
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 16) Embryology Monosomy. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Monosomy
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G