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Discuss how aganglionic colon is a gastrointestinal tract abnormality related to neural crest migration. | Discuss how aganglionic colon is a gastrointestinal tract abnormality related to neural crest migration. | ||
Aganglionic colon is also called Hirschsprung’s disease(HD), or congenital megacolon. It is the most frequent congenital disorder of intestinal motility and the most significant entity of pediatric intestinal motility abnormality, caused by the lack of enteric neurons in the distal intestine. | |||
Most entreric neurons arise from a multipotent cell population named neural crest cells, Which first migrate from the caudal hindbrain to the cranial end of gastrointestinal tract, and then migrate caudally along the entire gut during embryo development. A failure of neural crest-derived cells to colonize the affected gut regions will then cause the absence of enteric neurons from variable lengths of the bowel. | Most entreric neurons arise from a multipotent cell population named neural crest cells, Which first migrate from the caudal hindbrain to the cranial end of gastrointestinal tract, and then migrate caudally along the entire gut during embryo development. A failure of neural crest-derived cells to colonize the affected gut regions will then cause the absence of enteric neurons from variable lengths of the bowel. | ||
Extensive research has identified a number of key genes that regulate neural crest cell development in the pathogenesis of HD. In addition, the micro-environmental factors are also affected the developmental process of neural crest-derived progenitors. For example, a small variance of different factors (eg. GDNF, NTN) in the hindgut can cause an inactivation of the receptor system and result in arrest of the neural crest migration. | Extensive research has identified a number of key genes that regulate neural crest cell development in the pathogenesis of HD. In addition, the micro-environmental factors are also affected the developmental process of neural crest-derived progenitors. For example, a small variance of different factors (eg. GDNF, NTN) in the hindgut can cause an inactivation of the receptor system and result in arrest of the neural crest migration. | ||
PMID 10917288 | |||
PMID 19196962 | |||
PMID 26361414 | |||
PMID 23799632 | |||
Revision as of 12:49, 17 September 2015
Please do not use your real name on this website, use only your student number.
- 2015 Course: Week 2 Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lab 1 | Week 3 Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Lab 2 | Week 4 Lecture 5 Lecture 6 Lab 3 | Week 5 Lecture 7 Lecture 8 Lab 4 | Week 6 Lecture 9 Lecture 10 Lab 5 | Week 7 Lecture 11 Lecture 12 Lab 6 | Week 8 Lecture 13 Lecture 14 Lab 7 | Week 9 Lecture 15 Lecture 16 Lab 8 | Week 10 Lecture 17 Lecture 18 Lab 9 | Week 11 Lecture 19 Lecture 20 Lab 10 | Week 12 Lecture 21 Lecture 22 Lab 11 | Week 13 Lecture 23 Lecture 24 Lab 12 | 2015 Projects: Three Person Embryos | Ovarian Hyper-stimulation Syndrome | Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | Male Infertility | Oncofertility | Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis | Students | Student Designed Quiz Questions | Moodle page
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--Mark Hill (talk) 10:47, 6 August 2015 (AEST) Thanks for setting up your page. We will be talking more about this in the Practical on Friday.
Lab Attendance
--Z3251292 (talk) 13:46, 7 August 2015 (AEST)
--Mark Hill (talk) 17:40, 7 August 2015 (AEST) Note Square brackets not curly for links. Curly brackets are for templates.
--Z3251292 (talk) 15:43, 10 August 2015 (AEST)Many Thanks
--Z3251292 (talk) 13:13, 14 August 2015 (AEST)
--Z3251292 (talk) 13:23, 4 September 2015 (AEST)
--Z3251292 (talk) 13:23, 11 September 2015 (AEST)
Week2 Lab1 Reference
Summary 1
PMID 26254037
Casillas [1] evaluated the in-vitro maturation, and in-vitro fertilization of cryopreserved immature porcine oocyte with different protocols. Immature porcine oocytes were vitrified with 7.5% dimethylsulphoxide (Me2SO) and 7.5% ethylene glycol (EG), followed by preserving with the cryolock protocol. Two test groups of cryopreserved oocytes are the cumulus-cell oocyte complexes (COCs group), and the denuded oocytes co-cultured with granulose cells (NkO-cc group). The un-vitrified fresh oocytes were used as the control group in experiments.
The in-vitro maturation was achieved by culturing in maturation medium supplemented with Luteinizing hormone(LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH). Then the matured oocytes were subjected to in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The capabilities of embryo development of the test oocytes were compared.
Statistical results showed that the NKO-cc group produced higher cleavage rate and blastocyst production than the COCs group, which also suggested a higher embryonic development in NKO-cc group. And there was no significant difference between the control group and the NKO-cc group. Blastocysts were generated by both IVF and ISCI, Whilst IVF resulted in better blastocyst development.
Summary 2
PMID 26253435
Oxidantive stress caused by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is believed to degrade spermatozoa generically and functionally. Crocin, which can quench free radicals were hypothesised to serve as an anti-oxidant protector, so as to improve the quality of sperm, and the in vitro fertilization rate.
Sapanidou[2] investigated whether the addition of Crocin in in-vitro sperm preparation media will improve the sperm quality by preventing them over-oxidated during the freeze-thaw process. Spermatozoa collected from 4 bulls were freezed, thawed and washed, followed by incubation with media supplemented with 3 different concentration of crocin (0.5, 1 and 3mM) up to 240 minutes. The sperm motility, viability, acrosomal status, DNA fragmentation index, intracellular ROS, and lipid peroxidation were evaluated. The author also tested the effects of crocin (1mM) in the IVF medium by evaluating the embryo development rate.
Results showed that spermatozoa incubated with 1mM crocin developed lower level of ROS production, lower lipid peroxidant and lower percentage of fragmented cells. They also maintained better motility, viability, and acrosomal function. Furthermore, the addition of 1mM crocin in IVF media significantly increased the embryo development rate. Thus, the author concluded that 1mM crocin improved the sperm quality and fertilization rate by regulating ROS concentration.
--Mark Hill (talk) 11:05, 17 September 2015 (AEST) These are good summaries. The second article could have included a description of what "Crocin" actually is. I would have also listed the references at the top as shown below.
<pubmed>26254037</pubmed> <pubmed>26253435</pubmed>
Week3 Lab2 Image
Embryo and Uterus stained with CD34 at Embryonic day 6 [3] PMID 26247969
Embryo and Uterus stained with CD34 at Embryonic day 6. Impaired formation of decidual angiogenesis in the folate-deficient group. N:normal; FD:folate-Deficient group; E:Embryo; L:luminal epithelium; G:glandular epthelium; M:mesometrial; AM:anti-mesometrial; VSF:vascular sinus folding. Scale bar: 500um(left), 100um(right).
Copyright © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
--Mark Hill (talk) 11:10, 17 September 2015 (AEST) Image uploaded OK, file name could have identified the species (mouse). You do not need the copyright information on your student page here, but in the image summary box, which does not contain the reference, copyright or student image template as requested. I have now added these to the image summary box and you should see what you should have done. (3/5)
Week 4 Lab 3 Paper
Topic: 3 person IVF
PMID 23608245 The ethics of creating children with three genetic parents. [4]
PMID 24382342 Three-Parent IVF: Gene Replacement for the Prevention of Inherited Mitochondrial Diseases.[5]
PMID 20933103 Mitochondrial function in the human oocyte and embryo and their role in developmental competence.[6]
PMID 26020522 Mitochondrial reshaping accompanies neural differentiation in the developing spinal cord.[7]
PMID 25421171 The impact of mitochondrial function/dysfunction on IVF and new treatment possibilities for infertility.[8]
--Mark Hill (talk) 11:14, 17 September 2015 (AEST) Thes papers relate to your group project, I hope they are useful for your final submission. (5/5)
Week 5 Lab 4 Assessment
Quiz
--Mark Hill (talk) 11:16, 17 September 2015 (AEST) You have not given your quiz questions a title (perhaps, Implantation and Mesoderm). Q1 " Which of the following are not right" should be written "from the following options select the INCORRECT answer". The question looks as if it is designed to test the difference between syncitiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts. Your revealed answer should have provided more information and links to resources. Q2 is not a very well designed question as it does not really test a developmental concept, some of your options are also easily excluded. Q3 is far to simplistic for an assessment item. (7/10)
Week 6 Lab 5 Assessment
Discuss how aganglionic colon is a gastrointestinal tract abnormality related to neural crest migration.
Aganglionic colon is also called Hirschsprung’s disease(HD), or congenital megacolon. It is the most frequent congenital disorder of intestinal motility and the most significant entity of pediatric intestinal motility abnormality, caused by the lack of enteric neurons in the distal intestine.
Most entreric neurons arise from a multipotent cell population named neural crest cells, Which first migrate from the caudal hindbrain to the cranial end of gastrointestinal tract, and then migrate caudally along the entire gut during embryo development. A failure of neural crest-derived cells to colonize the affected gut regions will then cause the absence of enteric neurons from variable lengths of the bowel.
Extensive research has identified a number of key genes that regulate neural crest cell development in the pathogenesis of HD. In addition, the micro-environmental factors are also affected the developmental process of neural crest-derived progenitors. For example, a small variance of different factors (eg. GDNF, NTN) in the hindgut can cause an inactivation of the receptor system and result in arrest of the neural crest migration.
PMID 10917288 PMID 19196962 PMID 26361414 PMID 23799632
--Mark Hill (talk) 11:16, 17 September 2015 (AEST) You have simply listed references not answered my question. If you fix this before the lab this week I can give you a mark.
