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Development of the immune system will also link to cardiovascular development notes (blood and vessel {{Immune Links}}

# [[Special:NewFiles|New images]] ====Week 2====

Development of the immune system will also link to cardiovascular development notes ({{blood}} and ve The maternal immune system also has specialised functions and cells associated with {{implantat

...and relationships) over time and the best way to show this is with dynamic images, such as movies. This current page introduces the various movies and animat ...and additional information such as: a description of the movie, additional images, links, references and copyright information. Note, clicking the icon image

These pages are designed for university level students but also contain images and movies that can be used with students. ...regated during mitosis, the last image is a normal microscopic view of the 2 daughter cells following cell division. Chromosomes have been labelled (whi

Listed below are links to histology images and pages relating to different tissues and organs, the [[:Category:Histolo * [[:Category:Histology|Category:Histology]] - Category listing pages and images associated with histology.

...y identical (clonal) cells called embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells from Tera-2, a cell line of human testicular teratocarcinoma. Cloned human teratoma cel ...ses using IVF and donated by patients for research, are generated from the 2-pronuclear stage. The inner cell mass of the blastocyst is maintained in cu

...turn interstitial fluid (lymph) to the bloodstream and also as part of the immune system. In the embryo, lymphatic development begins at the cardinal vein, w ...scular system that also contains blood. Clinically, important for roles in immune surveillance and oncogenic (cancer) processes.

...nchus anatinus'') also called the "duck-billed platypus" together with the 2 [[Echidna_Development|echidna groups]] (short-beaked and long-beaked) are t ...tion rate in the platypus at 7.0 × 10-9/bp/generation (95% CI 4.1 × 10-9-1.2 × 10-8/bp/generation). We estimated effective population sizes of ance

This page contains information and images associated with respiratory system histology. This can be initially divided into the 2 regions of the '''upper''' and '''lower''' respiratory tract.

...ase of lumbar region, where they form a single structure. Using ultrasound images, we detected the presence of two similarly sized and apparently separated h ...lucidae of oviductal ova, but never within the perivitelline space. By day 2, most ova had reached the pronuclear stage and by day 3, early cleavage sta

...cial:RecentChanges| Recent Changes]] | [[Special:NewImages| Gallery of New Images]] | [[Site Map]] | [[New 2015]] | [[New 2014]] | [[New 2013]] | [[New 2012] ...edits since Embryology was set up - 154,651 '''Views total 39,249,204''' (2,261,571)

...cial:RecentChanges| Recent Changes]] | [[Special:NewImages| Gallery of New Images]] | [[Site Map]] | [[New 2012]] | [[New 2011]] | [[New 2010]] | [[New 2009] ...l]] 12:07, 19 November 2011 (EST) Added to [[Menstrual Cycle - Histology]] images of [[Menstrual_Cycle_-_Histology#Bacterial_Vaginosis|Bacterial Vaginosis]].

...w.edu.au/mod/book/view.php?id=789982&chapterid=100772 Lymphatic Tissue and Immune System] '''Virtual Slide Box: 2. Bone Marrow Smear''' [http://vslide.med.unsw.edu.au/flashslide.jsp?fn=b34_

Note that in early human development (week 2) a transient structure called the "primitive yolk sac" forms from the {{hyp ...haracterized as immune cells. However, in recent years, a multitude of non-immune functions have emerged many of which play essential roles in a variety of d

...polypeptide production beyond annotated genes, including the induction of immune responses following human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Translation is ...his family of RNAs modify other small RNAs (rRNAs and tRNAs) and fall into 2 main classes; box C/D snoRNAs and the box H/ACA.

The thymus has a key role in the development of an effective immune system as well as an [[Endocrine - Thymus Development|endocrine function]]. ...}} in front of the ventral aorta. (More? [[Neural Crest Development]]) The immune system T cells are essential for responses against infections and much rese

...[http://moodle.telt.unsw.edu.au/mod/lti/view.php?id=802962 Thymus (adult 2)] | [http://moodle.telt.unsw.edu.au/mod/lti/view.php?id=804048 Spleen] | [h {{Immune Links}}

...brary.unsw.edu.au/lib/unsw/reader.action?docID=1430108&ppg=320 Chapter 10. Immune-Lymphatic System] ...vzk7%2Fhjeutavr&data=8%401!9%4015840!10%40-16657&version=1 BEST - Appendix 2]

...cial:RecentChanges| Recent Changes]] | [[Special:NewImages| Gallery of New Images]] | [[Site Map]] | [[New 2011]] | [[New 2010]] | [[New 2009]] ...astrointestinal Tract - Abnormalities]] page with Intestinal Aganglionosis images and also added [[Neural_-_Cerebrum_Development|Cerebrum Development]] templ

{{Neural Links 2}} ...8}} "Traditionally, the central nervous system (CNS) has been viewed as an immune-privileged environment with no lymphatic vessels. This view was partially o

...r transitional vertebrae (n=1), thoracic kyphoscoliosis/wedge vertebrae (n=2) and thoracolumbar lordoscoliosis/thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae/lumb ...anslation table 1 (Standard) Mitochondrial genetic code: Translation table 2

...abdomen and has an initial embryonic role in blood formation, and later in immune function and red blood cell recycling. The spleen's haematopoietic function ...t looses its structural organization, perhaps contributing to the impaired immune system function seen with age.{{#pmid:30706058|PMID30706058}}

...l, we found that de-N-glycosylation of human endometrial Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells by tunicamycin (inhibitor of N-glycosylation) and peptide-N-glycosida ...ure that the pregnancy continues, and make first contact with the maternal immune system."

...g the large intestine with commensal bacteria and the establishment of the immune structure in the wall. ...tioning of the digestive tract and derived primordia in all samples, using images reconstructed from histological serial sections. The digestive tract was in

...composed of adipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and some immune cells. Connective tissues in the body have a mesoderm origin, while in the ...mulates under the neural plate with thinner mesoderm laterally. This forms 2 thickened streaks running the length of the embryonic disc along the rostro

...megalovirus in neonatal urine, saliva, blood, or other body tissues within 2-3 weeks of birth." ...s-talk in the microenvironment of decidua. Our findings indicate a complex immune microenvironment in basal decidua and suggest CD8+ TEM cells play a role in

...) osteoderms, common to representatives of most major taxonomic lineages; (2) dermal scales, unique to gymnophionans; and (3) the lamina calcarea, an en * intermediate layer, 2-3 layered large keratinocytes with nucleus.

...ateral embryonic folding which "pinches off" a pocket of the yolk sac, the 2 compartments continue to communicate through the vitelline duct. On this cu ...my of the Human Body 1918 Henry Gray [http://www.bartleby.com/107/241.html 2. The Digestive Apparatus]

...76718|PMID26676718}} In addition to the implantation role it has suggested immune cell modulation and endothelial functions. The placenta synthesises urocortins (Ucn 1, Ucn 2, Ucn 3), cortiticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) analogues.{{#pmid:17083971

...ateral embryonic folding which "pinches off" a pocket of the yolk sac, the 2 compartments continue to communicate through the vitelline duct. ...ateral embryonic folding which "pinches off" a pocket of the yolk sac, the 2 compartments continue to communicate through the vitelline duct.

...The hindlimb digits differ from mammals by a missing digit 1, fused digits 2 and 3 and an elongated digit 4. Mitochondrial genetic code: Translation table 2 (Vertebrate Mitochondrial)

At the foregut/midgut junction the septum transversum generates 2 pancreatic buds (dorsal and ventral endoderm) which will fuse to form the p ** 2 dissimilar polypeptide chains, A and B, which are linked by 2 disulphide bonds.

...m the right at Plane A towards the midline at Plane D). Click on the small images (or the text below) to open the linked large image pages. * There is an initial 90 degree rotation followed by 2 more 90 degree rotations to give 270 degrees total.

...the delivery process. The vernix has also many other known protective and immune as well as potential functions.{{#pmid:11069626|PMID11069626}} The constitu * [http://www.ijdb.ehu.es/web/contents.php?vol=48&issue=2-3 IJDB Vol. 48 Nos. 2/3 (2004) Skin Development]

...d fuse together making a primordial vascular network. Within these islands 2 populations of cells exist: peripheral and core. The peripheral cells form ...haematopoiesis provides a blueprint for the study of paediatric blood and immune disorders, and a reference for harnessing the therapeutic potential of HSC/

...ateral embryonic folding which "pinches off" a pocket of the yolk sac, the 2 compartments continue to communicate through the vitelline duct. The oral c ...4-u1.0-B978-1-4377-2002-0..00011-4&isbn=978-1-4377-2002-0&uniqId=330028653-2#4-u1.0-B978-1-4377-2002-0..00011-4 Chapter 11 – Alimentary System]

...and eosin stained sections. Recent immunohistochemical studies for {{PAX}}2 (reactive with Müllerian epithelium) and FOXA1 (reactive with urogenital s | [[Movie_-_Primordial germ cell migration 02|Migration 2]]

...haematopoiesis provides a blueprint for the study of paediatric blood and immune disorders, and a reference for harnessing the therapeutic potential of HSC/ ...|PMID21943389}} "Samples from human prenatal livers ranging from 7 weeks + 2 days to 15½ weeks post conception as well as adult normal and acetaminophe

...lities between the two conditions such as facial features, cardiovascular, immune and neural symptoms. <ref><pubmed>6812410</pubmed></ref> ...expresses that while thymic transplantation is effective in restoring some immune function in DiGeorge syndrome patients, the multifaceted disease requires a

...bove this section. Note the oesophagus now lies in the midline between the 2 bronchi. |+ '''[[Carnegie stage 22 - serial sections|Stage 22]] (serial labeled images)'''

...m the right at Plane A towards the midline at Plane D). Click on the small images (or the text below) to open the linked large image pages. * There is an initial 90 degree rotation followed by 2 more 90 degree rotations to give 270 degrees total.

...experimental manipulations of development. This much cited paper included images of all key stages and was more recently republished in the journal Developm ...oton excitation (2PE) microscopy enables researchers to acquire volumetric images in three dimensions (x, y, and z) plus time (t). Here, we present technique

...mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Previously, we established a maternal immune activation (MIA) model using swine, which results in altered social behavio ...e same role as macrophages (Mϕ) in other body tissues and act as an innate immune system. There other role is as the cellular mediators of neuroinflammatory

...ted directly to procedural factors has been found to be approximately 1 to 2 times out of every 100 procedures. The long list of associated risks have b ...s posing a slightly higher risk of potential risks such as miscarriage (1%-2%), infection, and temporary slowing of fetal heartbeat.

[[Week 2]] ...n monochorionic monoamniotic gestations. A healthy pregnant woman, Gravida 2 Para 1, was admitted into our Fetal Medicine Unit to perform the first trim

...stage of its development. Since chromosomal abnormalities occur in 0.1%-0.2%<ref><pubmed>11209176</pubmed></ref> of live births, and the most common ab ...bodies cross the placenta where they are supposed to strengthen the babies immune system.<ref><pubmed>18730250</pubmed></ref><ref><pubmed>14869844</pubmed></

...} "Among 3938 participants, estimated mean ages at entry into Tanner stage 2 for breast and pubic hair development were 10.19 and 10.95, respectively." ...only removes metabolites but also provides an intimate interface with the immune system, and an extracellular matrix scaffold in which epithelial cells grow

...of 3 lobes (superior, middle & inferior) whereas the smaller left lung has 2 lobes (superior & inferior). The trachea splits into the left and right bro [[File:Respiratory histology 08.jpg|thumb|'''Figure 2.''' The histology of the adult lungs.]]

...embryonic development. The respiratory tract is divided anatomically into 2 main parts: ...wo main respiratory cell types, squamous alveolar type 1 and alveolar type 2 ({{surfactant}} secreting), both arise from the same bi-potetial progenitor

...ressed on the endothelium of blood vessels, specifically Alpha-1 and Alpha-2 receptors, such that vascular resistance increases. ...on-selective adrenergic agonist, it acts on Alpha-1, Alpha-2, Beta-1, Beta-2 and Beta-3 receptors that are found throughout the body's tissues, yielding

...mber 1918, the current 40th edition was published in 2008. The majority of images were anatomical drawings with some cartoon simplifications. The text also i ...over time the image naming has varied and requires better standardisation. Images used here may be altered and edited from those appearing in the original te

...transcriptional profiles of six main cell types; oocytes, granulosa cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, perivascular cells, and stromal cells. Cells capt | {{Primordial germ cell migration 2}}

...cle-stimulating hormone.''' American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 1942; 2: 615–627.</ref>, is caused by the addition of one or more X chromosome(s) ...'''Klinefelter syndrome'''. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab: 2011, 25(2):239-50</ref>.

[[File:Hypothalamus histology 001.jpg|250x|thumb|right|Image 2. Histological cross-section of adult monkey hypothalamus depicting two majo ''Table 2. Summarises the hormones released by the human hypothalamus and their role

The respiratory tract is divided anatomically into 2 main parts: ! colspan=2| Textbooks &nbsp;

...change, waste removal, a source of hematopoietic stem cells, endocrine and immune support for the developing fetus. ...f 83 cm2, which reflects the interquartile range, is associated with a 260.2-g reduction in birthweight (95% confidence interval, -299.9 to -220.6), aft

...[[:File:Stage8_sem1.jpg|SEM image 1]] | [[:File:Stage8_sem2.jpg|SEM image 2]] | | [[:File:Stage8_sem3.jpg|SEM image 3]]) ...commonly affects adults aged between 20 to 50 and also the obese with type 2 diabetes. (More? [[Endocrine - Adrenal Development]] | [http://endocrine.ni

[[File:Trunk Neural Crest and its migration pathways.png|thumb|right|''Figure 2: A cross-section of the caudal end of an embryo at approximately 4 weeks of ...rom the epidermis into the developing hair follicles. Here they split into 2 populations: Differentiated melanocytes populate the hair matrix at the low

...Handbook of Visual Display Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Chapter 2.1</ref>: ...oid, maxillary, palatine. Several openings exist in the orbital structure, 2 key fissures are the superior orbital fissure and inferior orbital fissure

:(Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn) A clinical term describing an immune response between fetal and maternal blood groups; from fetus Rh+ / maternal ...d defined by a variety of birthweights. In pregnant women anywhere between 2 - 15% have birth weights of greater than 4000 grams (4 Kg, 8 lb 13 oz) and

...and aniridia mutations in the human PAX6 gene''' Nature Genetics 1992 vol:2:3 pp.232 [http://www.nature.com.wwwproxy0.library.unsw.edu.au/ng/journal/v2 '''Images of congenital hereditary cataracts from mutations of crystallin genes'''

...ine immune cartoon 01.jpg|thumb|150px|alt=Gastrointestinal tract intestine immune cartoon|link=Lymph Node Development|mesenteric lymph node]] :(MLN) Immune system associated [[L#lymph node|lymph nodes]] located at the base of the [

...ormalities in fetuses has shifted from prenatal diagnosis during the first 2 trimesters <ref> Blackburn, S.L. (2003) '''Maternal, Fetal & Neonatal physi | ~ 2%

...omyelitis, an animal model of autoimmune demyelination diseases such as in immune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis (MS) ...ic Implantation]] | [[Week 2#Abnormalities|Week 2 Abnormalities]] | [[Week 2]] | [[: Category:Ectopic_Pregnancy|Category:Ectopic Pregnancy]])

..., indicating 7q11.23 region of Williams Syndrome.gif|500px|thumb|'''Figure 2: Chromosome 7 indicating the region,7q11.23, that contains the genes which *BAP-135: involved in the normal function of the immune system

...ated with various genetic syndromes including Neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2. ...otein serine/threonine protein kinase in pathways that use calcium ions Ca(2+) as a second messenger. A recent mouse study has shown that the CamKII is

===NO. 2. APRIL=== ...izacion pueden reconocerse cuatro estados: 1, ajustamiento de las celulas; 2, desdiferenciacion ; 3, emigraci6n celular; 4, rediferenciacion. La desdife

...kely that in some such place as the Naval Museum in Brooklyn some of those images which Thorwaldsen and his father carved are still preserved. ...h day, when it was 102° F. by the rectum, 101.8° F. by the vagina, and 101.2° F. by the mouth. After this it was never above 101° F. and on the 9th da

...se spirit was the spirit of Harvey, but upon whose imagination tJie bright images wen; etched by the pale ghost of Galen. We have said that Wepfer had the eyes of Vesalius and that the bright images upon his imagination were etched by the pale ghost of Galen. As an example

...ical diplopia test, the normal state at 12 or 13 inches is an exophoria of 2° or 3° or even of -i", and that a muscle balance which in distant vision 2 Described in the Ophthalmic Record, June, 1904.

...Only a trace of free hydrochloric acid ; no lactic acid. Total acidity, 6.2 cc, 0.1 NaOH solution. Stomach peristalsis readily seen at times. Patient h February 11th, 2.15 a. m. Patient died quietly.

...the internal sphincter muscle, extending from the external sphincter about 2 cm. upwards. ...d to the tuberosity of the ischium (Fig. 2). After laying bare and freeing 2 cm. of each of the ends, I then trimmed off the scar tissue so as to expose

2. A boy, died at S months, cause unknown. ...the apex. The upper border of the liver began at the 6th rib and extended 2% inches below the costal margin in the right nipple line. The surface of th