Gastrointestinal Tract - Intestine Development
Introduction
From beneath the stomach the initial portion of the small intestine, the duodenum, and the associated pancreas now lie.
This section of notes gives an introductory overview of intestinal development. In studying this part of the GIT much emphasis is placed upon the initial herniation of the midgut loop during development and its subsequent rotations to achieve the correct anatomical position (More? Abnormalities - Intestinal Malrotation).
Much of the midgut is herniated at the umbilicus external to the abdomen through development. A key step in development is the rotation of this midgut that must occur to place the GIT in the correct abdominal position with its associated mesentry. The GIT itself differentiates to form significantly different structures along its length: oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, iliem (small intestine), colon (large intestine). (More? [git13.htm Intestine Development])
The mesentries of the GIT are generated from the common dorsal mesentry, with the ventral mesentry contributing to the lesser omentum and falciform ligament.
There is more than the physical looping and you should also consider the differentiating physiological functions of the small and large intestine, their associated vascularisation and mesenteries and associated specialized regions (immune Peyers patches).
Finally, consider the early postnatal maturation that occurs with population of the gut with colonizing microbiota (Enterococcus faecalis, etc.) and the role in early immune function in absorbtion of maternal immunoglobulin.
Embryonic Development
Late embryonic small intestine commencing at the duodenum, continuing as ventrally herniated and returning to join the colon.
Molecular Factors
- Cdx (Caudal-type homeobox) group of ParaHox genes (mouse Cdx1, Cdx2 and Cdx4)[1]
References
- ↑ <pubmed>20298182</pubmed>
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 3) Embryology Gastrointestinal Tract - Intestine Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Gastrointestinal_Tract_-_Intestine_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G