Gastrointestinal Tract - Intestine Development: Difference between revisions

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Notice - Mark Hill

Currently this page is only a template and will be updated (this notice removed when completed).

Introduction

midgut herniation

The part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) lying between the stomach and anus, is described as the intestines or bowel. This region is further divided anatomically and functionally into the small intestine or bowel (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and large intestine or bowel (cecum and colon). Initially development concerns the midgut region, connected to the yolk sac, and the hindgut region, ending at the cloacal membrane. This is followed by two mechanical processes of elongation and rotation. Elongation, growth in length, leaves the midgut "herniated" at the umbilicus and external to the abdomen. Rotation, around a mesentery axis, establishes the anatomical position of the large intestine within the peritoneal space.

File:GIT- Jejunum 01.jpg

Jejunum histology

Historic Embryology - Gastrointestinal Tract
1878 Alimentary Canal \| 1882 The Organs of the Inner Germ-Layer The Alimentary Tube with its Appended Organs \| 1884 Great omentum and transverse mesocolon \| 1902 Meckel's diverticulum \| 1902 The Organs of Digestion \| 1903 Submaxillary Gland \| 1906 Liver \| 1907 Development of the Digestive System \| 1907 Atlas \| 1907 23 Somite Embryo \| 1908 Liver \| 1908 Liver and Vascular \| 1910 Mucous membrane Oesophagus to Small Intestine \| 1910 Large intestine and Vermiform process \| 1911-13 Intestine and Peritoneum - Part 1 \| Part 2 \| Part 3 \| Part 5 \| Part 6 \| 1912 Digestive Tract \| 1912 Stomach \| 1914 Digestive Tract \| 1914 Intestines \| 1914 Rectum \| 1915 Pharynx \| 1915 Intestinal Rotation \| 1917 Entodermal Canal \| 1918 Anatomy \| 1921 Alimentary Tube \| 1932 Gall Bladder \| 1939 Alimentary Canal Looping \| 1940 Duodenum anomalies \| 2008 Liver \| 2016 GIT Notes \| Historic Disclaimer
Human Embryo: 1908 13-14 Somite Embryo \| 1921 Liver Suspensory Ligament \| 1926 22 Somite Embryo \| 1907 23 Somite Embryo \| 1937 25 Somite Embryo \| 1914 27 Somite Embryo \| 1914 Week 7 Embryo
Animal Development: 1913 Chicken \| 1951 Frog

Embryonic Development

Week 4

Quicktime | Flash

Week 8

Late embryonic small intestine commencing at the duodenum, continuing as ventrally herniated and returning to join the colon.

(Carnegie stage 22 | Week 8)

Molecular Factors

Cdx (Caudal-type homeobox) group of ParaHox genes (mouse Cdx1, Cdx2 and Cdx4)^[1]

Abnormalities

Meckel's diverticulum
Meckel's diverticulum
Meckel's diverticulum and tumor
Intestinal malrotation
midgut volvulus
cecal volvulus
sigmoid volvulus
Megacolon
Megacolon

Links: Gastrointestinal Tract - Abnormalities

References

↑ <pubmed>20298182</pubmed>

Reviews

Articles

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Glossary Links

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 18) Embryology Gastrointestinal Tract - Intestine Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Gastrointestinal_Tract_-_Intestine_Development

What Links Here?

[1] <pubmed>20298182</pubmed>

[1]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Introduction==
 [[File:Gray0986.jpg|thumb|midgut herniation]]
-The part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) lying between the stomach and anus, is  described as the '''intestines''' or '''bowel'''. This region is further divided anatomically and functionally into the small intestine or bowel (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and large intestine or bowel (cecum and colon).
+The part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) lying between the stomach and anus, is  described as the '''intestines''' or '''bowel'''. This region is further divided anatomically and functionally into the small intestine or bowel (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and large intestine or bowel (cecum and colon). Initially development concerns the midgut region, connected to the yolk sac, and the hindgut region, ending at the cloacal membrane. This is followed by two mechanical processes of elongation and rotation. Elongation, growth in length, leaves the midgut "herniated" at the umbilicus and external to the abdomen. Rotation, around a mesentery axis, establishes the anatomical position of the large intestine within the peritoneal space.
 [[File:GIT- Jejunum 01.jpg|thumb|Jejunum histology]]
-Development of the intestines relates to the initial midgut initial herniation of the midgut loop during development and its subsequent rotations to achieve the correct anatomical position.
-Much of the '''midgut is herniated''' at the umbilicus external to the abdomen through development. A key step in development is the rotation of this midgut that must occur to place the GIT in the correct abdominal position with its associated mesentry. The GIT itself differentiates to form significantly different structures along its length: oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, iliem (small intestine), colon (large intestine). (More? [git13.htm Intestine Development])
-The '''mesentries''' of the GIT are generated from the common dorsal mesentry, with the ventral mesentry contributing to the '''lesser omentum''' and '''falciform ligament'''.
-There is more than the physical looping and you should also consider the differentiating physiological functions of the small and large intestine, their associated vascularisation and mesenteries and associated specialized regions (immune Peyers patches).
-Finally, consider the early postnatal maturation that occurs with population of the gut with colonizing microbiota (Enterococcus faecalis, etc.) and the role in early immune function in absorbtion of maternal immunoglobulin.
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