Abnormal Development - Anencephaly
Embryology - 20 Jun 2024 Expand to Translate |
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LA00 Anencephaly or similar anomalies
The above ICD-11 International Classification of Diseases code is from the next version update due for release in 2018. ICD-10 is the 10th revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) is currently in use in Australian hospitals for admitted patients.
ICD-10 Q00 Anencephaly and similar malformations
- Q00.0 Anencephaly, Acephaly, Acrania, Amyelencephaly, Hemianencephaly, Hemicephaly
- Q00.1 Craniorachischisis
- Q00.2 Iniencephaly
About International Classification of Diseases |
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The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) World Health Organization's classification used worldwide as the standard diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health management and clinical purposes. This includes the analysis of the general health situation of population groups and is used to monitor the incidence and prevalence of diseases and other health problems. Within this classification "congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities" are (Q00-Q99) but excludes "inborn errors of metabolism" (E70-E90). |
Introduction
A neural tube defect, anencephaly is a failure of the neural tube to close cranially. Also called exencephaly or craniorachischisis. The fortification of foods with folate has led to an overall decrease in the rate of this abnormality, showing that, at least in some cases, there is an association with maternal diet during pregnancy. Neural tube defects were historically more associated with Female infants, and a recent study of Latin American countries has identified a substantial decrease in this ratio following folate fortification.[2]
- Links: Low Folic Acid and NTDs
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Anencephaly <pubmed limit=5>Anencephaly</pubmed> |
Fetal Anencephaly | |
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ventral view | lateral view |
Sex Ratios
Sex ratio changes for NTD cases and total births in Chile, Argentina, and Venezuela (1990–2013).[2]
NTD: neural tube defect; FAF: folic acid fortification; M/F: male/female; Sex ratio (male/female) for neural tube defect cases (full blue line), sex ratio for total births (dashed red line). Sex ratios estimated by multivariate regression models adjusted by hospital.
Ultrasound
Anencephaly in a fetus (GA week 18) from a diabetic mother. Ultrasound images (coronal) show a complete absence of the cranial vault and brain and enlarged orbits.[3]
- Links: maternal diabetes
Historic Anencephaly
These drawings are from a 1921 study of a single embryonic anencephaly.[4]
These drawings are from a 1925 study of 57 cases of anencephaly.[5]
Dodds GS. and Deangelis E. An anencephalic human embryo 16.5 mm long. (1937) Anat. Rec. 67(4): 499-505.
References
- ↑ Mathews TJ. Trends in spina bifida and anencephalus in the United States, 1991-2005, National Vital Statistics System.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Poletta FA, Rittler M, Saleme C, Campaña H, Gili JA, Pawluk MS, Gimenez LG, Cosentino VR, Castilla EE & López-Camelo JS. (2018). Neural tube defects: Sex ratio changes after fortification with folic acid. PLoS ONE , 13, e0193127. PMID: 29538416 DOI.
- ↑ Alorainy IA, Barlas NB & Al-Boukai AA. (2010). Pictorial Essay: Infants of diabetic mothers. Indian J Radiol Imaging , 20, 174-81. PMID: 21042439 DOI.
- ↑ Frazer JE. Report on an anencephalic embryo. (1921) J Anat. 56(1): 12-9. PMID 17103933
- ↑ Nañagas JC. A comparison of the growth of the body dimensions of anencephalic human fetuses with normal fetal growth as determined by graphic analysis and empirical formulae. (1925) American J. Anatomy. 455-494.
Journals
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences - is official publication of the Indian Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery.
Search PubMed
Search term: Neural Development Abnormalities | Anencephaly | Hydrocephalus | Encephalocele | Holoprosencephaly | Autism
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 20) Embryology Abnormal Development - Anencephaly. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Abnormal_Development_-_Anencephaly
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G