Neural Exam Movies

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Educational Use Only - Embryology is an educational resource for learning concepts in embryological development, no clinical information is provided and content should not be used for any other purpose.

Introduction

WHO motor development milestones

Neurological development continues postnatally with both growth and reorganization of the central nervous system. The amount of simple physical growth is shown by the skeletal flexibility designed around the brain and spinal cord, which allows continued postnatal growth of these structures. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently identified early postnatal motor skill development in terms of "motor milestones"[1], this was released along with new international growth charts.

The following movies demonstrate normal and abnormal postnatal neurological development assessment procedures.

The newborn neuromuscular system can be initially assessed by 6 quick tests (posture, square window, arm recoil, popliteal angle, scarf sign and heel to ear). Later developmental assessment includes behaviour, reflexes (primitive and postural), muscular tone, and motor (gross, fine, co-ordination). This is examined in the newborn, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and at 30 months of age. There are several primitive reflexes (rooting, sucking reflexes, Moro, grasp) that change (are repressed) with development of the central nervous system.

These movies were designed by PD Larsen and SS Stensaas, Utah School of Medicine.

Neural Links: ectoderm | neural | neural crest | ventricular | sensory | Stage 22 | gliogenesis | neural fetal | Medicine Lecture - Neural | Lecture - Ectoderm | Lecture - Neural Crest | Lab - Early Neural | neural abnormalities | folic acid | iodine deficiency | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | neural postnatal | neural examination | Histology | Historic Neural | Category:Neural

Some Recent Findings

  • Distinct locomotor precursors in newborn babies[2] It is commonly thought that human locomotor development stems from a single precursor behavior, consisting of alternating flexor–extensor movements, such as kicking or stepping on ground. According to this view, kicking and stepping are identical movement patterns generated by the same neural mechanisms. Here we show that the neuromuscular modules of neonatal kicking and stepping are different, presumably related to different neural mechanisms. Kicking involves an adult-like number of temporal activation patterns, whose association with specific sets of muscles varies across movements. Ground-stepping involves a limited number of activation patterns, each associated with a stable muscle synergy. Since neonatal kicking and ground-stepping seem to anticipate subsequent developmental changes of locomotion in human babies, they might represent distinct locomotor antecedents."

Newborn

Neural Exam Movies: normal behaviour | cranial nerves | Newborn Tone - resting posture | upper extremity‎ | arm traction | arm recoil | scarf sign | hand position | lower extremity | leg traction‎ | leg recoil‎‎ | popliteal angle‎ | heel to ear | neck tone | head lag‎ | head control | Newborn Positions - prone | ventral suspension | vertical suspension | Newborn Reflexes - deep tendon reflexes | plantar reflex‎ | suck, root | Moro | Galant | stepping‎ | grasp | Newborn Head - head shape and sutures‎ | head circumference‎ | Neonatal Diagnosis

Newborn Behaviour

Newborn-normal-behaviour.jpg
 ‎‎Behaviour
Page | Play
Newborn n 02.jpg
 ‎‎Cranial Nerves
Page | Play

Newborn Tone

Newborn n 03.jpg
 ‎‎Resting Posture
Page | Play
Newborn n 04.jpg
‎‎ Tone Upper Limb
Page | Play
Newborn n 05.jpg
‎‎ Arm Traction
Page | Play
Newborn n 06.jpg
 ‎‎Arm Recoil
Page | Play
Newborn n 07.jpg
 ‎‎Scarf Sign
Page | Play
Newborn n 08.jpg
 ‎‎Hand Position
Page | Play
Newborn n 09.jpg
 ‎‎Lower Limb
Page | Play
Newborn n 10.jpg
 ‎‎Leg Traction
Page | Play
Newborn n 11.jpg
 ‎‎Leg Recoil
Page | Play
Newborn n 12.jpg
 ‎‎Popliteal Angle
Page | Play
Newborn n 13.jpg
 ‎‎Heel to Ear
Page | Play
Newborn n 14.jpg
 ‎‎Neck Tone
Page | Play
Newborn n 15.jpg
 ‎‎Head Lag
Page | Play
Newborn n 16.jpg
 ‎‎Head Control
Page | Play

Newborn Positions

Newborn n 17.jpg
 ‎‎Prone Position
Page | Play
Newborn n 18.jpg
 ‎‎Ventral Suspend
Page | Play
Newborn n 19.jpg
 ‎‎Vertical Suspend
Page | Play

Newborn Reflexes

Newborn n 20.jpg
 ‎‎Tendon Reflexes
Page | Play
Newborn n 21.jpg
 ‎‎Plantar Reflex
Page | Play
Newborn n 22.jpg
 ‎‎Reflex Suck,Root
Page | Play
Newborn n 23.jpg
 ‎‎Moro Reflex
Page | Play
Newborn n 24.jpg
 ‎‎Galant Reflex
Page | Play
Newborn n 25.jpg
 ‎‎Stepping Reflex
Page | Play
Newborn n 26.jpg
 ‎‎Grasp Reflex
Page | Play

Newborn Head

Newborn n 27.jpg
‎‎ Head Shape
Page | Play
Newborn n 28.jpg
‎‎Head Circumference
Page | Play

Newborn Abnormal

Newborn Abnormal Links: behaviour | cranial nerves | Newborn Tone - resting posture | upper extremity‎ | arm traction | arm recoil | scarf sign | hand position | lower extremity | leg traction‎ | leg recoil‎‎ | popliteal angle‎ | heel to ear | neck tone | head lag‎ | head control | Newborn Positions - prone | ventral suspension | vertical suspension | Newborn Reflexes - deep tendon reflexes | plantar reflex‎ | suck, root | Moro | Galant | stepping‎ | grasp | Newborn Head - head shape and sutures‎ | head circumference‎

Newborn Behaviour

Newborn ab 01.jpg
 ‎‎Behaviour
Page | Play
Newborn ab 02.jpg
 ‎‎Cranial Nerves
Page | Play

Newborn Tone

Newborn ab 03.jpg
 ‎‎Resting Posture
Page | Play
Newborn ab 04.jpg
 ‎‎Upper Limb
Page | Play
Newborn ab 05.jpg
 ‎‎Arm Traction
Page | Play
Newborn ab 06.jpg
 ‎‎Arm Recoil
Page | Play
Newborn ab 07.jpg
 ‎‎Scarf Sign
Page | Play
Newborn ab 08.jpg
 ‎‎Hand Position
Page | Play
Newborn ab 09.jpg
 ‎‎Lower Limb
Page | Play
Newborn ab 10.jpg
 ‎‎Leg Traction
Page | Play
Newborn ab 11.jpg
 ‎‎Leg Recoil
Page | Play
Newborn ab 12.jpg
 ‎‎Popliteal Angle
Page | Play
Newborn ab 13.jpg
 ‎‎Heel to Ear
Page | Play
Newborn ab 14.jpg
 ‎‎Neck Tone
Page | Play
Newborn ab 15.jpg
 ‎‎Head Lag
Page | Play
Newborn ab 16.jpg
 ‎‎Head Control
Page | Play


Newborn Positions

Newborn ab 17.jpg
 ‎‎Prone Position
Page | Play
Newborn ab 18.jpg
 ‎‎Ventral Suspend
Page | Play
Newborn ab 19.jpg
 ‎‎Vertical Suspend
Page | Play

Newborn Reflexes

Newborn ab 20.jpg
 ‎‎Tendon Reflexes
Page | Play
Newborn ab 21.jpg
 ‎‎Plantar Reflex
Page | Play
Newborn ab 22.jpg
 ‎‎Reflex Suck,Root
Page | Play
Newborn ab 23.jpg
 ‎‎Moro Reflex
Page | Play
Newborn ab 24.jpg
 ‎‎Galant
Page | Play
Newborn ab 25.jpg
 ‎‎Stepping Reflex
Page | Play
Newborn ab 26.jpg
 ‎‎Grasp Reflex
Page | Play


Newborn Head

Newborn ab 27.jpg
 ‎‎Head Shape
Page | Play
Newborn ab 28.jpg
‎‎Head Circumference
Page | Play


Links: Neural Exam - Newborn behaviour comparison

3 Months Normal

3 Months Neural Exam Movies: normal behaviour | cranial nerves | Tone - head and trunk control | upper extremity‎ | hand movements | lower extremity Positions - supine | prone | ventral suspension | vertical suspension | Reflexes - Deep tendon reflexes | Plantar reflex‎ | Root | Moro | Galant | Grasp | Asymmetric tonic neck‎ | Neural Exam Movies | Neonatal Diagnosis

3 Month Behaviour

03mo 04.jpg
 ‎‎Behaviour
Page | Play
03mo 02.jpg
 ‎‎Cranial Nerves
Page | Play
normal behaviour cranial nerves

3 Month Tone

03mo 03.jpg
 ‎‎Control
Page | Play
03mo 03.jpg
 ‎‎Tone Upper Limb
Page | Play
03mo 04.jpg
 ‎‎Hand Movements
Page | Play
03mo 05.jpg
 ‎‎Lower Limb
Page | Play

3 Month Positions

03mo 04.jpg
 ‎‎Supine Position
Page | Play
03mo 04.jpg
 ‎‎Prone Position
Page | Play
03mo 04.jpg
 ‎‎Ventral Suspension
Page | Play
03mo 04.jpg
 ‎‎Vertical Suspension
Page | Play

3 Month Reflexes

03mo 04.jpg
 ‎‎Deep Tendon
Page | Play
03mo 04.jpg
 ‎‎Plantar Reflex
Page | Play
03mo 04.jpg
 ‎‎Suck-Root
Page | Play
03mo 04.jpg
 ‎‎Moro Reflex
Page | Play
03mo 04.jpg
 ‎‎Galant Reflex
Page | Play
03mo 04.jpg
 ‎‎Grasp Reflex
Page | Play
03mo 04.jpg
 ‎‎Neck Tone
Page | Play

6 Months Normal

These videos require relabelling before release.


12 Months Normal

12 Months Neural Exam Movies: Shy | Social and Language | Cranial Nerves | Tone - Tone | Reflexes - deep tendon reflexes | plantar reflex‎ | Parachute | Pincer Grasp | Beads in the Cup | Play Ball | Transition in and out of Sitting | Creeping | Stoop and Recover | Motor/Gait - Stand, Walks with Support | Toddler’s Gait | Head Circumference | Neural Exam Movies

18 Months Normal

Neural Exam Movies: Wants | Understanding | Points to Pictures | Points to Body Parts | Cranial Nerves Motor/Coordination - Blocks in Cup | Beads in Cup | Stacking Blocks | Pincer Grasp and Handedness | Drawing/Scribbling | Tone | Deep Tendon Reflex | Throwing Ball | Walking

30 Months Normal

Neural Exam Movies: Establishing Relationship | Follows Commands | Points to Pictures | Names Pictures | Response to Questions | Pointing to and Naming Body Parts | Motor/Coordination - Using Puppets | Using Measuring Tape | Block Tower | Drawing | Tone | Deep Tendon Reflex | Kicking and Throwing a Ball | Walking, Running

References

  1. | World Health Organization - Motor development milestones
  2. Sylos-Labini F, La Scaleia V, Cappellini G, Fabiano A, Picone S, Keshishian ES, Zhvansky DS, Paolillo P, Solopova IA, d'Avella A, Ivanenko Y & Lacquaniti F. (2020). Distinct locomotor precursors in newborn babies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 117, 9604-9612. PMID: 32284405 DOI.

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Articles

Hillairet de Boisferon A, Tift AH, Minar NJ & Lewkowicz DJ. (2018). The redeployment of attention to the mouth of a talking face during the second year of life. J Exp Child Psychol , 172, 189-200. PMID: 29627481 DOI.


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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 19) Embryology Neural Exam Movies. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Neural_Exam_Movies

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G