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...r by Clark is an early description of a muscular variation of the pectoral muscles. '''Modern Notes:''' {{skeletal muscle}}

...ervertebral disc), the body skeletal muscle (myotome, epaxial and hypaxial muscles) and the dermis (dermatome) layer of the skin. ...somites at the level of the upper and lower limbs also contribute the limb muscles.

* Skeletal ** Epaxial muscles (dorsal)

including its Histogenesis and Its delations to the Myotomes and to the Skeletal and Nervous Apparatus. ...ibed, as well as the early relations of the musculature to the nervous and skeletal apparatus.

==I. Development of the skeletal system== a) muscles of the trunk

[[File:Skeletal muscle histology 016.jpg|thumb|Skeletal muscle sarcomeres]] [[File:Skeletal muscle structure cartoon.jpg|thumb|Skeletal muscle structure cartoon]]

...entiate from myoblasts of the mesoderm; the only exceptions are the smooth muscles of the iris and sweat glands, which are ectodermal. .... They multiply rapidly (C) and form alternate light and dark bands, as in skeletal muscle. The syncytial character of cardiac muscle persists in the adult and

'''Modern Notes:''' {{skeletal muscle}} | {{musculoskeletal abnormalities}} ...ssimus dorsi and teres major muscles was found. The terminal ends of these muscles, united and not separated by the usually existing bursa, passed upwards and

'''Muscles''' '''Skeletal'''

'''Muscles''' '''Skeletal'''

This laboratory concerns the development and differentiation of skeletal muscle, muscle stem cells, hypertrophy, fibre type differentiation and plas # Understand the origin, differentiation and development of skeletal muscle tissue.

'''Muscles''' '''Skeletal'''

...cardiac muscle and smooth muscle development can be found in other notes. Skeletal muscle forms by fusion of mononucleated myoblasts to form mutinucleated myo :''There are more than 640 skeletal muscles in the adult human body.''

[[File:Skeletal muscle histology 044.jpg|thumb|300px|alt=Myotendinous junction|Myotendinous This page describes skeletal tendon development, during formation of the connective tissue connection mu

...in the body, the muscles of the heart and blood vessels, certain striated muscles derived from the lateral mesoderm, and the glands of the body. In higher ve ...innervation indicates that these muscles are derivatives of the branchial muscles of the hyoid segment which have spread forward to their present position, w

...n the Vertebrates, the neural tube, the masses of the transversely striped muscles, the secretory parenchyma of glands, the optic cups, and the auditory vesic ...t gives rise to a long series of various organs the cartilaginous and bony skeletal parts, the fasciae, aponeuroses, and tendons, the blood-vessels and lymphat

| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] This 1936 paper by Harper describes {{skeletal muscle}}, the sternalis muscle, development in an abnormal fetus ({{Anencep '''Modern Notes:''' {{skeletal muscle}} | {{Anencephaly}}

# Understand the origin, differentiation and development of skeletal muscle tissue. [http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/CorePages/Muscle/Muscle.htm#SKELETAL Skeletal Muscle Histology]

...use in their experiment to do with Pannexin 1 and Pannexin 3 Channels and Skeletal muscle. <ref name="PMID 25239622"><pubmed> 25239622</pubmed></ref> ...use in their experiment to do with Pannexin 1 and Pannexin 3 Channels and Skeletal muscle. <ref><pubmed>25239622</pubmed></ref>

====I. Development of the skeletal system==== a) muscles of the trunk

...ll form straightforward myotomes as in the trunk, but give rise to the eye-muscles ; and lastly, it is difficult to recognise the segmental nerves because the ...hese first three somites will become differentiated into the extrinsic eye-muscles, and they all lie in front of the auditory vesicle, for which reason they a

This laboratory concerns the development and differentiation of skeletal muscle, hypertrophy, fibre type differentiation and plasticity. After an in # Understand the origin, differentiation and development of skeletal muscle tissue.

The following elements make up the 11th dorsal segment: (1) Its skeletal basis; (2) Muscular element; (3) Eenal element; (4) Vessels; (5) Nerves; (6 ...ally found in the sterno-hyoid and -thyroid, complexus and trachelomastoid muscles are the only representatives of them in the cervical region.

* Cardiac muscle does not contain cells equivalent to the satellite cells of skeletal muscle. The sarcomere is the visible functional contractile unit within cardiac (and skeletal) muscle. The animation below shows the relative movement of the thick and t

e5.0: Bones; Skeletal system e5.2: Muscles; Muscular system

...System]] | [[Book - Comparative Embryology of the Vertebrates 4-15|15. The Skeletal System]] | [[Book - Comparative Embryology of the Vertebrates 4-16|16. The ==The Skeletal System==

...''' - contributes vertebral column (vertebra and IVD), dermis of the skin, skeletal muscle of body and limbs ...]] - closest to ectoderm, forms connective tissue of the body wall and the skeletal elements of the appendicular skeleton and sternum.

...is an introduction to the process of musculoskeletal development (bone and skeletal muscle) (b. In the body, this is mainly about '''mesoderm''' differentiatio ...com.wwwproxy1.library.unsw.edu.au/lib/unsw/reader.action?docID=2074364&ppg Skeletal System]

==The Striated or Voluntary Muscles== ...letal muscles, and (b) the muscles of the visceral arches or the branchial muscles.

...''' - contributes vertebral column (vertebra and IVD), dermis of the skin, skeletal muscle of body and limbs * dorsolateral - [[D#dermomyotome|dermomyotome]] forms dermis and skeletal muscle

...''' - contributes vertebral column (vertebra and IVD), dermis of the skin, skeletal muscle of body and limbs * dorsolateral - [[D#dermomyotome|dermomyotome]] forms dermis and skeletal muscle

The musculoskeletal system consists of skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage and is mainly mesoderm in origin with some neur Skeletal muscle forms by fusion of mononucleated myoblasts to form mutinucleated myo

==Muscles== ...cle in the muscularis externa upper end, a transitional level, and then no skeletal muscle in the lower part. The majority of studies of oesophagus muscle deve

The skeletal shoulder consists of: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blad The musculoskeletal system consists of skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage and is mainly mesoderm in origin with some neur

==A. Outline of the Development of the Muscles and Nerves of the Inferior Extremity== ...the limb. At the same time the mesenchyme begins to be differentiated into skeletal, muscular and dermal regions. During the development of the limb it shifts

=Chapter IX The Fetal Muscles= ...hough it is diHicult to make physiologic studies on the earliest embryonal muscles in vivo, it has been possible to obtain growth from small pieces of muscle

=Chapter XXI. The Mesothelial Muscles= ...roups; 1, the skeletal muscles ; 2, the branchial muscles ; 3, the cardiac muscles. The first are developed from the epithelial muscle plates, the origin of w

* Cardiac muscle does not contain cells equivalent to the satellite cells of skeletal muscle. ...ricles, are connected to the cardiac wall by chord tendineae and papillary muscles.

...oped extraocular, infrahyoid and suprahyoid muscles. Absence of the facial muscles that have been described to be present at this stage of development. * '''ventral body wall''' - rectus muscles reach the umbilicus.{{#pmid:26467243|PMID26467243}}

=Chapter XIII The Muscular and Skeletal Systems= ...ac, and skeletal. The mesoderm is the source of all? these, except for the muscles of the iris and those associated with the sweat glands.

...be is the initial multinucleated cell formed by fusion of myoblasts during skeletal muscle development. ...ot of the spinal cord. This would subsequently cause degeneration of those muscles- if you don't use it, you lose it

...tion) by Keith L. Moore and T.V.N Persaud - Moore & Persaud Chapter 15 the skeletal system The Skull is a unique skeletal structure in several ways: embryonic cellular origin (neural crest), form o

...oping joint (knee), surrounding the developing bone is cartilage, skeletal muscles and connective tissue of the limb. ...://www.path.uiowa.edu/cgi-bin-pub/vs/fpx_browse.cgi?cat=o_skeletal&div=nlm Skeletal system]

.... Many organs contain all 4 types of tissues e.g. skin (covering, packing, muscles, nerves). ...of type III collagen. Found in loose CT, around adipocytes, blood vessels, muscles and nerves. Seen also in haemopoietic and lymphatic tissues. Histologicall

...tion) by Keith L. Moore and T.V.N Persaud - Moore & Persaud Chapter 15 the skeletal system The Skull is a unique skeletal structure in several ways: embryonic cellular origin (neural crest), form o

* Cardiac muscle does not contain cells equivalent to the satellite cells of skeletal muscle. ...valves connective tissue bands attached on the other end to the papillary muscles.

=Chapter XI. The Morphogenesis of the Skeleton and Muscles= ==The Skeletal System ==

...ectively recognize the important opportunity this bone affords to estimate skeletal age across the prenatal to early adult lifespan. Current research is largel ...tudy, a ratio closer to 40%/60% is used based upon newborn CT and micro-CT skeletal image analyses. These changes in mineral bone composition may have signific

...f striated muscle fibers arranged to form definite bundles or muscles. The skeletal musculature is under the voluntary control of the central nervous system. ==The Skeletal Musculature==

...''' - contributes vertebral column (vertebra and IVD), dermis of the skin, skeletal muscle of body and limbs * dorsolateral - [[D#dermomyotome|dermomyotome]] forms dermis and skeletal muscle

...tion) by Keith L. Moore and T.V.N Persaud - Moore & Persaud Chapter 15 the skeletal system * Ventral muscles - flexors Dorsal muscles - extensors

These notes introduce the development of the eye muscles. The adult eye has contributions from several different embryonic layers ev ...}</ref> described the origin and development of the human extrinsic ocular muscles.

...were at first designed to move the branchial arches, became converted into muscles of deglutition. (a) A skeletal basis of cartilage ; (b) an aortic or vascular arcii ; (c) a larger nerve a

...ondition. The following elements make up the 11th dorsal segment : (1) Its skeletal basis ; (2) Muscular element ; (3) Renal element ; (4) Vessels ; (5) Nerves ...ally found in the sterno-hyoid and -thyroid, complexus and trachelomastoid muscles are the only representatives of them in the cervical region.

...ographs, A77ier. Journ. Anat. 1905, vol. 4, pp, 163, 265 ; vol, 6, p. 259 (muscles and nerves of lower extremity) ; ...syndactylous condition. The shoulder remains buried in the body wall ; the skeletal structures of the arm and thigh are the first to be differentiated ; those

...ction and movement. It is made up of multiple structures; bone, cartilage, skeletal, tendon, ligaments and joints. This project will be focusing on the fetal d Skeletal Muscle develops from a process known as myogenesis. Mesenchymal cells which

...ntral nervous system. The amount of simple physical growth is shown by the skeletal flexibility designed around the brain and spinal cord, which allows continu ...r of temporal activation patterns, whose association with specific sets of muscles varies across movements. Ground-stepping involves a limited number of activ

...caused by T-box gene mutations are characterized by heart problems and/or skeletal abnormalities of the hands and arms. ...the number of oxidative fibres. This shift in fibre composition results in muscles with slower myofiber contraction and relaxation, and also decreases whole-b

In the adult, the region where two skeletal bones meet and articulate is called a "{{joint}}", that are classified base ...layer of cartilage in this region. The musculoskeletal system consists of skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage and is mainly mesoderm in origin with some neur

...bs and intercostals, that mechanically support respiration. In humans, the muscles of the diaphragm arise from somite level 3 to 5 (C3 to C5), which also corr ..., arising from the same segmental levels from which the diaphragm skeletal muscles arise, segmental levels C3 to C5.

...sue exist in the human body, the striated tissue, which forms the skeletal muscles and is under the control of the central nervous system, and the non-striate With the exception of the sphincter and dilator of the pupil and the muscles of the sudoriparous glands, which are formed from the ectoderm, all the non

...haryngeal muscle progenitor field, the embryonic origin of facial and neck muscles. * dorsolateral region - '''dermomyotome''' forms dermis and skeletal muscle

The primitive skeletal stiffening of the body is the notochord. In Amphioxus this extends to the e ...ars a median projection forming the " keel " or carina to which the flight muscles are attached. Analogous but not homologous keels are developed on the stern

'''Modern Notes:''' {{neural}} | {{skeletal muscle}} ...foetus is referred to by Frazer (5), who states that during the fifth week muscles are indicated in the form of pre-muscle masses in the mesenchyme, and that

...System]] | [[Book - Comparative Embryology of the Vertebrates 4-15|15. The Skeletal System]] | [[Book - Comparative Embryology of the Vertebrates 4-16|16. The ...s of cross striations in the form of light and dark transverse bands as in skeletal or striated muscle and cardiac muscle, or the transverse bands may be absen

...d muscle cells originate from and {{somites}} mesoderm, while the external muscles of mastication are derived from the unsegmented somitomeres. This current p ==Tongue Muscles==

** Generates trunk muscles, skeleton, dermis of skin, blood vessels, connective tissue ** dorsolateral - '''dermomyotome''' forms dermis and skeletal muscle

:(a) A skeletal basis of cartilage ; The history of the skeletal basis of the first arch (Meckel's cartilage) has been already traced ([[Boo

# To describe the histology of the lip and the tongue, including epithelia, muscles, glands, papillae and taste buds. ...so called "red margin" or vermillion border). Observe the orbicularis oris skeletal muscle; labial salivary glands (mucoserous glands; mostly serous in infant

...ral portion of the somite is called the dermamyotome that forms dermis and skeletal muscle, and the ventromedial portion is the sclerotome that forms vertebrae - A. differentiate into myotomes which give rise to skeletal muscle in trunk and limbs

** Generates trunk muscles, skeleton, dermis of skin, blood vessels, connective tissue ** dorsolateral - '''dermomyotome''' forms dermis and skeletal muscle

* Arch 1 - muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, tensor tympanic, ant. belly digastric * Arch 2 - muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, post. belly digastric

The wandering of the trapezius and the latissimus dorsi and also of muscles in the ahdominal wall was noted by Dr. Mall<ref>{{Ref-Mall1898}}Mall, Devel ...n birds and mammals myotome cells mix in the limb bud and give rise to the muscles. There is a diffuse entrance of cells from the myotomes but not of myotome

...hyme in the circumferential part of the disk, and finally union of the two skeletal elements by primitive cartilage. These experiments show conclusively that t ...ated the formation of normal joints in the hindlimbs of frogs in which the muscles had been paralysed by denervation. This observation in itself does not, how

...aw) and temporal bone, part of the {{skull}}. Both mastication and facial muscles are attached to the lower jaw. The earliest review of human embryonic and f ...layer of cartilage in this region. The musculoskeletal system consists of skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage and is mainly mesoderm in origin with some neur

* Development of skeletal muscle * Important for patterning muscles - ventral muscles - flexors; Dorsal muscles - extensors

...e oral cavity by a hollow tube (auditory tube). In addition there are two muscles (tensor tympani and stapedius) formed from arch mesenchyme. (More? {{Pharyn ...cudostapedial joint and the insertions of the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles contain abundant elastic fibers; i.e., the elastic-fiber-mediated entheses.

The musculoskeletal system consists of skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage and is mainly mesoderm in origin with some neur Skeletal muscle forms by fusion of mononucleated myoblasts to form mutinucleated myo

...''' - contributes vertebral column (vertebra and IVD), dermis of the skin, skeletal muscle of body and limbs * dorsolateral - dermomyotome forms dermis and skeletal muscle

...syndactylous condition. The shoulder remains buried in the body-wall ; the skeletal structures of the shoulder are the first to appear. The corresponding parts ...f the nerve cells to form the nerves, and of the muscle plates to form the muscles, grow in very early (see [[#Fig237|Fig. 237]]).

...tion) by Keith L. Moore and T.V.N Persaud - Moore & Persaud Chapter 15 the skeletal system (a) Skeletal muscle derived from somites, blocks of mesodermal cells

...o synovial cavities, fibrocartilaginous articular surfaces, and tootharing skeletal components. The temporomandibular nt is the only articulation which has bot One of the muscles acting upon the joint is the external pterygoid muscle, which is inserted o

.3. Somatic efferent. (Fibers ending on skeletal muscle). ...al and ventral terminal rami. The efferent fibers of these rami supply the muscles of the lateral and ventral body wall, and the afferent fibers end in the in

* Arch 1 - muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, tensor tympanic, ant. belly digastric * Arch 2 - muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, post. belly digastric

...thoracic, luinbar, sacral and coccygeal groups depends upon the nerves and skeletal structures related to the body segments in which the myotomes lie. ...s reached a length of 11 mm. and an age of five weeks. Hereafter segmental skeletal structures and spinal ganglia may be used as landmarks. The former present

...he upper jaw and the middle third of the upper lip (Fig. 2). It contains a skeletal basis of cartilage, formed by the trabeculae cranii (Figs. 135, 136, p. 168 ...ate (with the exception of the premaxillary part), the soft palate and its muscles, with the uvula, are formed by a horizontal plate which grows inwards from

...thoracic, luinbar, sacral and coccygeal groups depends upon the nerves and skeletal structures related to the body segments in which the myotomes lie. ...s reached a length of 11 mm. and an age of five weeks. Hereafter segmental skeletal structures and spinal ganglia may be used as landmarks. The former present

...ss, hairless, and entirely dependent on the mother’s milk for 4 weeks. Its skeletal development is comparable with that of a human embryo of the 4th month. On ...t which the young is born, the rate of post-natal growth or the pattern of skeletal development and dentition. The recent advances in the study of nutrition an

...the lamprey has no jaws. The organs of the head are protected by a special skeletal structure called the skull. ...yotomes of the first three segments, which are modified into so-called eye-muscles. The description given above applies to the paired eyes of all chordates ;

...is known as the mandibular arch associated with the development of the jaw muscles. This was first seen ventral to the ...inner layer of somite cells is thicker and will give rise to the skeletal muscles of

...of a developing joint (knee), surrounding the developing bone are skeletal muscles and connective tissue of the limb. ...://www.path.uiowa.edu/cgi-bin-pub/vs/fpx_browse.cgi?cat=o_skeletal&div=nlm Skeletal system]

...y (diaphragm, intercostals) and anti-gravity (those that hold you upright) muscles. ...5K encodes the inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase K, also known as SKIP (skeletal muscle and kidney enriched inositol phosphatase), which is highly expressed

...duced inside the cranium, and in relation to the somewhat variable general skeletal and endocrine changes which are sometimes associated with such pathological ...ally in the ox, as described by Nicolas and Dimitrowa (Fig. 284;. Striated muscles fibres have, moreover, been observed by Hammer in the epiphysis of a human

...lt rectus sheath as an intermediate tendon of the bilateral abdominal wall muscles. However, our interpretation of the rat fetus findings of Rizk and Adieb 7 ...wo of three specimens at 6 weeks (Fig. 2), the rectus abdominis, EO and 10 muscles were identified as independent muscle sheets at the level above the umbilic

* Arch 1 - muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, ant. belly digastric * Arch 2 - muscles of facial expression, stylohyoid, stapedius, post. belly digastric

...nd in the vertebrates after it. The mesoderm gives rise to muscles, blood, skeletal and connective tissues, the excretory organs (at least in part) and usually

...that were unable to walk. Both were later found to have most of their leg muscles replaced with fat <ref name="PMID8326496"><pubmed>8326496</pubmed></ref> ...ung boy whose condition characterised by the hypertrophy of the boy's calf muscles <ref name="PMID16225184"/>

...are composed wholly of a membrane of connective tissue, without any ribs, muscles, or blood vessels as they are found in the adult. ...in mammalian embryos. With the growth of the ribs and the wandering of the muscles from the myotomes into the ventral wall of the embryo we have associated wi

....eblib.com.wwwproxy0.library.unsw.edu.au/patron/Read.aspx?p=2074364&pg=446 Skeletal System] * Generates trunk muscles, skeleton, dermis of skin, blood vessels, connective tissue

...nt and lateral body wall. The relation of these branches to the individual muscles is shown at a later stage in Fig. 85. In the same figure can be seen the lo ...a of individual muscles. As we do not have a metameric distribution of the muscles of a limb, we consequently do not have a true metameric distribution of the

...specific centers within the hypoglossal cell column for the various tongue muscles (Koska and J agita, ’03; Stuurman, ’16; and Berkelbach van der Sprenkel ...its terminal branches and innervates both the intrinsic and the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.

...k_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] This historic 1927 paper by Hewer describes fetal {{skeletal muscle}} development. '''Modern Notes:''' {{skeletal muscle}}

...''' - contributes vertebral column (vertebra and IVD), dermis of the skin, skeletal muscle of body and limbs * dorsolateral - [[D#dermomyotome|dermomyotome]] forms dermis and skeletal muscle

...consists of the protective case round the brain (neurocranium) and of the skeletal supports of the jaws (splanchnocranium). It is formed in all chordates from ...r bony fish or Teleostei, it is common to find that some of the rectus eye-muscles pass back into a tunnel beneath the brain-case ; the so-called eye- muscle-

...connected and on the motor side in a similar way with synergic systems of muscles. Each sensory and motor system of nerves has a local primary central statio ...d the cerebellum provides regulatory control of the action of the skeletal muscles. The dorsal thalamus is ancillary to the tectum and shows a very early stag

...rent mechanisms of differentiation. The musculoskeletal system consists of skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage and is mainly mesoderm in origin with some neur Skeletal muscle forms by fusion of mononucleated myoblasts to form mutinucleated myo

| valign="bottom"|{{Skeletal stage 22 movie}} ...earlier Carnegie stage embryos: size, head/body proportions, brain, head, skeletal development.

...tion. The muscles of the body wall (see Fig. 362) are modified to form the muscles of expiration. Two parts of these are specially worthy of notice, because i ...he Lung and Respiratory Muscles of an Amphibian (Surinam toad) to show the Muscles out of which the Diaphragm is evolved. The lungs lie within the abdomen as

| '''Muscles''' | '''Skeletal'''

...utes jaw skeletal elements, connective tissues and tendons. The associated muscles derive mainly from cranial mesoderm. These components though will form diff * Arch 1 - muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, tensor tympanic, ant. belly digastric

...now no longer tenable. On the other hand the arrangement of the nerves and muscles, the evidence of development and comparative anatomy, indicate that it is c ...the trabeculae grow into the mesial nasal processes of which they form the skeletal basis and become transformed into the primitive cartilaginous septum of the

The muscular tissue or the Ml ss with the exception of the muscles of the iro and the Mhlwt nils of the sneat glands (pi^e 3GC) 11 demetl from ...rh retrogression ind seem to disappear enlttely giving n e to no permincni skeletal structures Hie first somite to appear is the first occipital and the succee

...us muscle and the anatomic relationships between these developing skeletal muscles and organs of the {{male}} and {{female}} reproductive tracts."

...houlder, of the heart, and of the diaphragm — and with the appearance of a skeletal element of the shoulder girdle which is present in certain fishes (dipnoi a ...(crest) has become enormously elongated and gives attachment to abdominal muscles, cutting ofi the fibres of insertion of the external oblique which form the

=The Origin and Development of the Human Extrinsic Ocular Muscles= ...anatomist than those that move the eyeball, yet, interestingly enough, few muscles have, during their evolution, remained more conservative. In all the verteb

The musculoskeletal system consists of skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage and is mainly mesoderm in origin with some neur ...establishment of posterior identity and Shh expression, which results in a skeletal phenotype identical to Shh deficient limb buds. ... Our study uncovers esse

...that should impulses course over motor fibers they would be transferred to muscles at these primitive motor endings. Many of the peripheral nerve branches cou Skeletal muscle development is widespread and numerous motor nerve fibers can be see

...iscera. The lower abdominal viscera came to rest on the pelvic floor ; the muscles of the tail, which rise within the pelvis of pronograde mammals, were modif ...ilium and the external oblique have become modified for this purpose. The muscles of the abdominal wall not only support the abdominal viscera, and inaintain

...tremities. The feet and hands are usually composed of the normal number of skeletal elements, but generally appear to arise directly from the pelvic and should ===Skeletal and muscular systems===

* Stains nuclei deep blue, skeletal and smooth muscles red, collagen and mucin blue. * Striations in skeletal muscles also shows up much better in Masson’s trichrome than in hematoxylin and e

...t origin. The notochordal plate will form the notochord, the supporting or skeletal rod of the medullary plate. At the neurenteric canal and in front of it the ...s of tissues which constitute the human body — the tissues of locomotion — muscles, bones, ligaments and connective cells. And also the circulatory and mobile

...n Adipose Tissue (BAT) arises from progenitor cells that also give rise to skeletal muscle, # '''Neck muscles and blood vessels''' - many smaller masses with the main mass following the

...serve the several modalities of sense and the several systems of synergic muscles, and these systems are interconnected by central correlating elements. In n ...h the adjoining tegmentum, is the chief central motor pool of the skeletal muscles. Efferent fibers from it are among the first to appear in the upper brain s

'''Tibialis Anterior (TA)''' - skeletal muscle situated on the lateral side of the tibia and is a direct flexor of '''mdx mice''' - is a strain of mice that has a hereditory disease of the muscles caused by a mutation on the X-chromosome. It is used as a disease model for

...tiply actively. As the new cells are formed certain of them give rise to a skeletal framework for the support of the nerve-fibrils. The periphery of the nerve The muscles are differentiated from a mass of premuscle tissue which is variously deriv

(iii) Eye muscle nerves. Of the eye muscles the four recti and the obliquus inferior are present bilaterally. Of the as ...or root is present and its fibres lead to the primordia of the masticating muscles.

...of a developing joint (knee), surrounding the developing bone are skeletal muscles and connective tissue of the limb. ...://www.path.uiowa.edu/cgi-bin-pub/vs/fpx_browse.cgi?cat=o_skeletal&div=nlm Skeletal system]

..., arising from the same segmental levels from which the diaphragm skeletal muscles arise, segmental levels C3 to C5.

...''' - contributes vertebral column (vertebra and IVD), dermis of the skin, skeletal muscle of body and limbs * dorsolateral - dermomyotome forms dermis and skeletal muscle

...ood commences to circulate; before the end of the third month the skeletal muscles start to contract; and a little later the kidneys begin to secrete. In this ...on may be further tested and related to such other correlated processes as skeletal differentiation and calcification.

...upon the myoblasts (Pl. I, fig. 5). In the 24 and 25 mm. embryos skeletal muscles are well differentiated and numerous motor nerve fibres appear in them; sup ...ctivity even though muscular contraction can be induced by stimulating the muscles directly. Since many long motor, internuncial and sensory neurons can be de

...e formed in the inter-segmental septa. Hence an intercostal space with its muscles, vessels, and nerves, with the corresponding intervertebral structures, rep

...ts. Among others, Futamura ('06) has described the migration of the facial muscles and the consequent deflected distribution of the branches of the facial ner ...le and the brain wall. As yet the mesenchyme shows no differentiation into skeletal framework, but on each side of the notochord can be seen the oral extension

...gle cartilages or bones.” This simple forceful statement is the essence of skeletal embryology. ...article. “1. The femur and os innominatum are differentiated from a common skeletal anlage by a mesoblastic invasion ... 4. The head is pushed off toward the a

* Cardiac muscle does not contain cells equivalent to the satellite cells of skeletal muscle. ...ricles, are connected to the cardiac wall by chord tendineae and papillary muscles.

...Comparable attention has not been given to the earlier development of the skeletal elements, particularly to those of the hands and feet. Apart from Senior’ ...I905; Hesser, 1926). In a 27—mm. embryo, Schulin (1879) found that all the skeletal elements of the hand were ehondrified except the sesamoids.

{{Extraocular muscles}} {{Skeletal muscle}}

Three varieties occur in the adult: Smooth, striated (skeletal) and cardiac muscle, respectively. With few exceptions (iris of the eye, sw ===II. Striated (Skeletal) Muscle===

...of smooth fibres, but in birds and reptiles of cross-striated fibres. The muscles of the glandulse sudorifera? are also of smooth muscle derived from the ect ...his variety from the smooth muscle, inasmuch as many of the cross-striated muscles — in the head, for example — arise directly from the mesoderm quite ind

...s has no relation to temperature, but is determined by the capacity of the muscles to actuate the skeleton and move the animal about. ...s 10 times more than that on the legs of the mouse. As the strength of the skeletal material (bone) cannot be increased, a stage is reached at which the legs c

...ed dorsal to the alimentary canal and is surrounded by more or less strong skeletal structures which constitute the greater part of the skull and spinal column ...he skin while the ventral nerves go to the muscles of the trunk. Since the muscles are arranged in simple transverse segments following one another, the dorsa

Skeletal ossification continues postnatally, through puberty until mid-20s. Abnormal ...e-Dimensional Analysis'''{{#pmid:31344324|PMID31344324}} "Formation of the skeletal structure in the human embryo has important consequences in terms of suppor

...on of the spinal column three stages are recognized : (1) one in which the skeletal segments were composed of cellular or mesenchymatous tissue ; (2) a cartila We have already seen that the vertebral column and its muscles appear first as a great flexible scull for driving the animal forwards (p.

...|fig. 1]]) just before the first chondrifications become recognizable, the skeletal blastema is more clearly marked off from the surrounding tissues, but is st ...mesenchyme, while the femoral region is already obscured by the developing muscles, so that the structure resembles that of the fore-limb in the 10 mm. embryo

I have, therefore, undertaken to work out the special anatomical details of muscles, vessels and nerves in one of the deformed limbs, in the hope that light mi ===Muscles===

- Skeletal muscles of the back (erector spinae) as well as those of the thorax and abdomen ...ibute either osteogenic or chrondrogenic cells. Myotomes contribute the '''skeletal muscle not smooth muscle'''. The GIT smooth muscle comes from splanchnic me

The {{skull}} is a unique skeletal structure in several ways: embryonic cellular origin ({{neural crest}} and ...e AT developed on the side immediately posterior to the extraocular rectus muscles. At late term, the greater wing was formed by membranous bones from the AT

=Chapter 12. The Histogenesis of Bone and the Development of the Skeletal System= ...ort and protection to soft parts and furnishes a lever system on which the muscles may be brought into play.

...ive digits. Dissections show that this is really the case, for, though the skeletal elements are often distinct from each other, muscle tendons and nerves are ...he upper part of the metatarsal bone remains. According to Bonnet, all the skeletal parts of this digit are formed in the embryo. The second and fifth digits o

...ance includes motor neurons for muscles of the neck region, for the tongue muscles, and for special visceral motor elements of the accessorius component of th ...ibination of these. There is some provision here for local reflexes of the muscles of the head, but the structure indicates that most of these are patterned f

...| [[Book - A Laboratory Manual and Text-book of Embryology_11|Skeleton and Muscles]] | [[Book - A Laboratory Manual and Text-book of Embryology_12|Central Ner ...en, and rearranged. A new chapter on the Morphogenesis of the Skeleton and Muscles covers briefly a subject not included hitherto. Forty illustrations replace

The hypoglossal and the three nerves to the extrinsic eye muscles (nn. oculomotorius, trochlearis and abducens) that compose this group are a ...ons of the trigeminal nerve, in the cellular mass which is to form the eye muscles.

...) muscles of the tongue grow into its mesodermal primordium; the intrinsic muscles differentiate in situ from the mesenchyme of the tongue. ...teral incisor is missing. The explanation for this variability is that the skeletal parts appear long after fusion of the facial processes has been completed.

...teal membrane, which, in its spread, invests the auditory ossicles and the muscles and nerves on the tympanic wall of the otic capsule. Complexity in the proc ...ossicles represent remarkable instances of phylogenetic salvage, in which skeletal elements of a respiratory apparatus, serviceable to aquatic and amphibious

...re they become continuous in later stages with the rudiments of the tongue muscles. The hypoglossal nerve is not traceable beyond its origin in the embryo rep ...the embryo reaches a length of 16mm. the muscle sheet is attached to the skeletal elements.The sections give the impression that the enlarging end of the cla

...by an increase and a change in direction of the forces of the masticatory muscles upon the structures of the joint. Peterson, H.: Die Organe des Skeletsystems (Organs of the Skeletal System), Moel1endorf’s Handb. d. mikr. Anat. d. Menschen. Book 2, Part 2,

...rise to several head structures (jaws, face and external ear) and various muscles, cartilages and bones. On the floor of the pharynx they contribute to the f B. Development of the laryngeal cartilages and muscles. They arise from condensations of mesenchyme derived from the fourth and fi

...of a developing joint (knee), surrounding the developing bone are skeletal muscles and connective tissue of the limb.

The muscles of the eyeball - ^recti and obliques - are derived from the mesodermal he ...icating passage. The organs derived from the mesoderm are the muscular and skeletal systems, the connective tissue, the blood and vascular system, the coelom a

...5377</pubmed></ref> Progressive weakness is also noticeable due to loss of skeletal muscle, which can cause pateints to become wheelchair bound with in 10-15 y ...ies in the tissues containing the frataxin deficient mitochondria, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle, as well as, the central and peripheral nervous systems.

...having not equal properties in every direction; transverse bands in living skeletal muscle which rotate the plane of polarised light, cf. I-band. ...''arrector'' = raiser + ''pilus'' = hair; autonomically innervated smooth muscles oriented obliquely in dermis, creating "gooseflesh".

...ce of my paper, J. Thacker published two interesting memoirs comparing the skeletal parts of ...appears to me) inconvenient manner. The term is usually applied to dermal skeletal structures ; but the

| '''Muscles''' | '''Skeletal'''

...ribs which gird round either side of the chest, the series of intercostal muscles which fill up the intervals between the ribs, the series of nerves which ar ...pply cutaneous areas on the ventral aspect of the trunk fail to supply any muscles belonging to the ventral portion of the body wall. Exceptionally, the margi

...as, indistinctly outlined, which seem to indicate areas where the pectoral muscles might in a dried cadaver conceal the underlying ribs. Below these areas rib Another skeletal figure of this type occurs in an illustrated manuscript copy of certain wor

* dorsolateral - dermomyotome forms dermis and skeletal muscle Image:Somite cartoon5.png|epaxial and hypaxial muscles

...the sympathetic ganglion nj ventral (anterior) terminal rami. The efferent muscles of the lateral and ventral body wall, and integument of the same regions. ...anlage of the lumbosacral plexus (Fig. 359). The J plate is divided by the skeletal elements of the pelvis and femur into two latera and two mL-rlian trunks. O

...n and Fell (’41) have investigated the origin and early development of the muscles, cartilage and bone of the embryonic chick mandible. The technique employed ...the resulting osseous architecture. Glucksman’s general conclusion is that skeletal tissue cultivated in Vitro responds directly to mechanical stresses.

* Middle Ear Muscles ...w fluid drainage from the middle ear Tube is normally closed and opened by muscles

# [[Book - Physiology of the Fetus 9|'''The Fetal Muscles''']] ## Spontaneous Activity of Intact skeletal Muscle

...pressure, by ripples and currents in the water, by movements of the trunk muscles, and by temperature changes. ...y have other connections. No evidence has been found for supply of any eye muscles from this nucleus.

* [[Book - Developmental Anatomy 1924-10|Chapter X. - The Skeletal System]] ** Morphogenesis of the Muscles

...septa arise, which, running outwards to the skin, divide the great lateral muscles of the bodv into muscle-segments or myotomes The only other skeletal structures of importance are a series of elastic chitinous rods, supporting

...ppears to have been the first of the facial muscles to be evolved. The ear muscles are not so reduced in man as in some other primates, such as the orang. ...al crest, and thus increases the basal area of the skull on which the neck muscles are inserted (Fig. 148). The post-auditory process of the squamosal forms a

...earch, as demonstrated by a gap of almost 40 years between the theory that skeletal tissues originating from the neural crest. Today, it is known that the neur ...ystem, secretory cells, the peripheral nervous system and, to some degree, skeletal development, as well as innervation of the intestine {{#pmid: 28287247|PMID

* Middle Ear Muscles ...w fluid drainage from the middle ear Tube is normally closed and opened by muscles

...r bone and zygomatic arch being later formations evolved out of membranous skeletal elements. Similarly in the skull of the human embryo, as in that of the sha ...now no longer tenable. On the other hand the arrangement of the nerves and muscles, the evidence of development and comparative anatomy, indicate that it is c

...s form, and sex can now be distinguished readily. In the fourth month, the muscles become active and cause fetal movements; lanugo hair makes its appearance ( Various muscles and bones form from the arches, and from the entodermal pouches certain gla

...chyme of this region, and from the fact that it gives origin to all of the muscles of the orbit except the superior oblique, I think it must ultimately become ...a of the mastoid process to which are attached the digastric and stapedius muscles. The serial relationship shown in the embryo is quite different from that o

...sodermal downgrowth from the occipital somites which will give rise to the muscles of the tongue. Between this and the swelling caused by the developing heart Muscles.

...cribed below are apparently the pathways employed in the activation of the skeletal musculature of the trunk and head when they are employed in the capture of ...mitive of these is to act as a general activator of the ocular and somatic muscles in response to visual stimuli, manifested in such behavior as the "regardin

...runk, evidence of slower-developing tissue that will eventually become the muscles and bones of the pelvic girdle. ===Skeletal System===

Human Tongue ( lingual salivary gland, white adipose tissue, skeletal muscle) * '''tongue muscles''' - skeletal muscle organized into strands oriented more or less perpendicular to each o

...by their size more than by other considerations; and, in consequence, such muscles as the gluteus maximus, erector spine, and ilio-psoas are the furthest adva ...and almost absent where the peritoneum limes the transversalis and rectus muscles. The sections which divide the abdominal wall near the site of the future i

...ent neurons. Others conduct motor impulses away from the cord and brain to muscles or glands (effectors) which respond by appropriate activity. Such neurons a ...mple. In the complex and more deliberate actions involving large groups of muscles in several segments, a coordinating effect is exercised from a center in th

...rise to skeletal structures; myoblastema, the time differentiated for the muscles, and dermablastema that destined for the skin. ...nt. In the higher vertebrates, during embryonic development, the posterior skeletal area of each body-segment alone develops freely. The anterior area becomes

...[[Book_-_Manual_of_Human_Embryology_11.2|Part II. The Morphogenesis of the Skeletal System]] ** The Muscles of the Trunk

...al (anterior) to the vertebral column are the [[H#hypaxial muscle|hypaxial muscles]]. ...eletal muscle contraction to straighten and increase the angle between two skeletal parts. The opposite movement is [[F#flexion|flexion]].

:A large protein (820 kDa) located in the contractile sarcomere of skeletal and cardiac muscle. The protein has several different structural domains (6 ...between the ischium and pubis bones of the pelvis through which nerves and muscles pass to the lower limbs. Adult male and female pelvises differ in several r

...ribed (page 250). It is probable that the thyroid cartilage represents the skeletal parts of the 4th and 5th visceral arches, but this cannot be regarded as se ...ds are the true vocal cords covered by stratified epithelium ; but all the muscles of the human larynx are represented in the larynx of the ape, but in a less

peduncle provide pathways for optic control of the intrinsic muscles fibers descend to those motor fields which supply the skeletal musculature. These fibers take a surprising variety of courses, the details

...e phylogenetic date, and created by and for the attachment of the pectoral muscles”’. ...asts and externally is partly covered by the oval rudiment of the pectoral muscles. It extends backwards as far as the second sternal rib process.

...its segmented musculature arranged along the two sides of the body and its skeletal axis and central nervous system lying at the mesial plane, is clearly a cre ...finitive form and as it does so it becomes equipped with its characteristic skeletal and neuromuscular arrangements in the manner already described.

# Embryonic origin of respiratory components (tract, lungs, diaphragm, muscles). ** arising from the same segmental levels from which the diaphragm skeletal muscles arise, segmental levels C3 to C5.

In lower vertebrates the maxillary process is supported by a skeletal bar of cartilage known as the palato-quadrate bar, because it stretches fro ...d from this arch the soft parts over and under the jaw, the lower lip, the muscles of mastication, the mylo-hyoid and anterior belly of the digastric, the ten

...yer between the outer epidermis and the midgut epithelium. It produces the muscles, coelome, and the structures belonging to the coelome, all the body and int ...than in hydroids. In the Alcyonaria, there is often connective tissue with skeletal structure, and this layer is ectodermal. The ectoderm becomes many layered,

...and its inaccessibility has rarely been available for study except in its skeletal form. In the fetus some of the difficulties to its trophic effect on the muscles and bones normally innervated from that

...s at first all segmented but later many of the segments fuse. In the trunk muscles of the adult fish the primitive segmented condition is retained. ...c systems, together with most of the smooth muscle, connective tissue, and skeletal tissue of the body.

...pass through several conditions in later development. The primordia of the skeletal elements are preformed in connective tissue. These become transformed into ...ood vessels, (6) in the visceral arches, and (7) in the paired appendages. Skeletal elements formed in (1) are called the dermal skeleton; those formed in (2)

...iscussion of the development of the musculature in man, says that the deep muscles of the back arise from the fusion of the myotomes proceeding in an antero-p ...ilage one finds the myotomes fusing into the myotomic column from which the muscles will be formed. A longitudinal split is already present, although the primi

...hose other necessary structures, as blood, nerve and lymph supply, and the muscles, connective- tissue parts and skin, which go to correlate and cover these o ...tective hood furnished by the overgrowth of the muscles supported by added skeletal structures, and body covering from territory lying behind the region of the

...lar belts and that the basic segments of the extremities and the adjoining muscles form the external muscular layer, including both muscular tubes of the trun ...formless mass located between the bones. Baer objected to Ham's view, that muscles form from small blood globules in a row. Muscle bundles develop by splittin

...stage there is no definite condensation of the mesenchyme to indicate the skeletal elements of the visceral arches. At the 14-mm. (6-week) stage there is a ma ...g. la). It is important to record that Meckel’s bar is one of the earliest skeletal structures to be identified in cartilage.

...ome respects similar to those of the cerebellum with the activators of the skeletal musculature. The cerebellum does not pattern behavior, but it acts upon the ...or interpeduncular nucleus. Though the clasp involves the use of skeletal muscles, the reflex as a whole is a visceral reaction related with oviposition and

taking into consideration the resemblance of these skeletal parts in the Tadpole to so that any skeletal structures in front of the mouth, which have

...n line, and extended greatlythe knowledge of the morphology of vessels and muscles ofthe arm, in reference to the variation. The important contribution made b ...identical with the right (fig. 2). Slight differences in the contour of the skeletal parts may be noted by comparing withfigures 1 and 2. The supracondyloid pr

# Embryonic origin of respiratory components (tract, lungs, diaphragm, muscles). ** arising from the same segmental levels from which the diaphragm skeletal muscles arise, segmental levels C3 to C5.

...many other developmental processes. 2 examples are palate development and skeletal muscle fibre-type determination. ...iption factors that are critical regulators of fibre-type distribution and skeletal muscle metabolism in the embryonic and post-natal period

Vertebrata, yet there are always added to it various skeletal the muscles and is originally formed in cartilage. In many

...t has been found that when rectangular blocks of tissue (prospective skin, muscles, and bone) are removed from the dorsal side of the wing bud (72 to 96 hour ...were cleared in oil of Wintergreen. In order to facilitate the analysis of skeletal primordia, many of the others were stained with methylene blue (Hamburger,

...omen. The organs of the pelvic end of the abdomen and the character of the muscles can be more advantageously studied in other series and stages. ...This branch in the adult innervates the sternocleido-mastoid and trapezius muscles.

(d) Skeletal System. The cartilaginous skeleton appears normal, though there is a sugges ...his, for want of a better term, might conveniently be called degeneration. Muscles supplied by the nerve did not appear to be changed. No “degeneration” w

Mesoderm will give raise to structrues such as notochord, muscles, blood, bone and sex organs. 2. Muscles, except the notochord.

* [[Book - Comparative Embryology of the Vertebrates 4-15|15. The Skeletal System]] ...tances is hollow or tube-like; (2) a dorsally placed notochordal or median skeletal axis located always immediately ventral to the nerve cord, and (3) a compli

...achial nerves. Cp. R., Capitulum of rib. iv. D., Intervertebral disc. Mu., Muscles. N. A., Neural arch. T. R., Tuberculum of rib. V. C, Centrum of vertebra. O ...ists primarily of a case for the brain, capsules for the sense organs, and skeletal bars developed in connection with the margins of the mouth and the visceral

In the case of Arnphioxus the chorda is the only skeletal structure present in the whole of the soft body; in the lower Vertebrates ( ...ed in Amphioxus lanceolatus. The chorda, with its sheath, is the only firm skeletal structure. Fibrous connective tissue (membranous vertebral column) envelops

somites from which develop most of the striated muscles and the ...yotomes become the layer of striated or voluntary (voluntarily controlled) muscles of the back, limbs, and dorsal body wall. The fibers

...lygonal mosaic-like groups of myofibrils seen in cross-section of a single skeletal muscle fibre; end artery (q.v.) of C.; also fetal cells, dormant, persistin '''cremaster muscle '''G. ''kremaster '' = a suspender, a hamock; the muscles by which the testis is suspended (Galen, 180).

...the embryo, namely the central nervous system, the axial skeleton and the muscles. At the same time, the spinal plates develop; at the bottom of their dividi ...long ago, the vertebrae and the hard brain membrane develop, and also the muscles, the connective tissue layer of the skin, the kidneys and the sexual glands

...sal (posterior) to the vertebral column are the [[E#epaxial muscle|epaxial muscles]]. ...ondition. Smooth muscle hypertrophy occurs in the uterus during pregnancy. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy occurs after strength training exercises. Cardiac muscle

...mewhat similar condensations of mesenchyme which form the rudiments of eye muscles occur in other members of the higher vertebrate group. ...52) describes the pre-chordal plate mesoderm as giving origin to "the eye muscles” and "probably much of the head mesenchyme ahead of the level of the

...us muscle and the anatomic relationships between these developing skeletal muscles and organs of the {{male}} and {{female}} reproductive tracts."

...the somite next forwards in the series. This arrangement ensures that the muscles arising within each somite are from the Pes joined to two contiguous verteb ...e and then into bone. Meanwhile the remaining mesenchyme develops into the muscles.

...System]] | [[Book - Comparative Embryology of the Vertebrates 4-15|15. The Skeletal System]] | [[Book - Comparative Embryology of the Vertebrates 4-16|16. The MUSCLES OF SHOULDFR ARE

...e been dissected out the ner\i.' supply of the various muscles is charted. Muscles and other slructures are drawn in to show the g<'neral relations of ...ctor lirevis muscle, and lo llu' addndur iiiiiijims and rxleninl ohlurator muscles.

...dermal clefts in these vertebrates and of the related skeletal structures, muscles, arteries and nerves, when compared with the gill region of fishes, furnis ...ossus, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, genioglossus and anterior belly of digastric muscles can all be identified. To the right, superficial and deep pans of the sub

...ute the dermis and hypodermis of the skin. The myotome will contribute the skeletal muscle of muscoloskeletal system. ...strophy|Becker muscular dystrophy]] (BMD) is a similar disorder but allows muscles to function better than in DMD, slower progression, make a shortened form o

...us muscle and the anatomic relationships between these developing skeletal muscles and organs of the {{male}} and {{female}} reproductive tracts."

...System]] | [[Book - Comparative Embryology of the Vertebrates 4-15|15. The Skeletal System]] | [[Book - Comparative Embryology of the Vertebrates 4-16|16. The ...the efferent segment of the aortal arch. Associated with these changes, a skeletal support for the gill arch and gill septum is formed (fig. 315C and D). It i

skeletal musculature and chiefly into the interpeduncular nucleus, skeletal muscles or in less obvious visceral changes. The chief nervous

# Embryonic origin of respiratory components (tract, lungs, diaphragm, muscles). ...Nerves - arising from the same segmental levels as the diaphragm skeletal muscles, segmental levels C3 to C5.

=The Development of Connective Tissues and the Skeletal System= ==The Development of the Skeletal System==

...They constitute the main thickness of the body-wall, and are productive of muscles, ligaments, and the calcareous spicules, plates, and spines. ...s of the spines of the Echinoids, are almost certainly not so derived. The muscles are known to be mesothelial in origin in the Earthworm ; but even in the Ch

...in the formation of the outer ear. Broman believes that he has proved that skeletal parts of different origin have also their own prechondral nuclei ; in the r ...mation of the stapes, as it does in that of the functionally corresponding skeletal structure of the amphibia.

...e level of these occipital myotonies, grows in with the developing lingual muscles (Figs. 93, 94, and 97, A, B) and innervates them, furnishes strong circumst

(ccenenchyma) in which the skeletal elements are deposited. In Sympodimn ...tissue are outgrowths of the primitive enteric cavity. A layer of circular muscles is

...e muscles ,of a sensory apparatus, which are in no way comparable with the muscles of the vertebra.” The remaining nerves, however, Stannius deals with in a ...le, and in many forms the suspensory muscle of the bulb of the eye and the muscles of the nictitating membrane. In dealing with them it will be convenient to

...due directly to removal of the gland. No indication of abnormality in the skeletal structures was: noted, no ten dency to developmental changes in musculature ...or constant feature of the disease. A short preliminary tonic spasm of the muscles of the body may more often precede the attacks of pallor and relaxation pre

...ife because the greater part of this region of the skull is covered by the muscles of the neck. Now on the contrary, the deformity becomes more visible when o ...s of the skull bones in apes may be found in the strong development of the muscles of mastication, arising from almost the whole surface of the braincase, and

...ly expressed in different tissues. In [[Musculoskeletal_System_Development|skeletal muscle]], loss of mitofusins causes severe mitochondrial dysfunction, compe ..., which leads to the accumulation of dermatan sulphate (sulfate) causing a skeletal dysplasia, short stature, dysostosis multiplex and degenerative joint disea

...to enter to a certain extent in the process of separating the muscular and skeletal sj^stems, etc., in dissection, those litters dissected by Lowrey are design ...ces in skeletal structure and in the amount of musculature (with which the skeletal system is to a certain extent correlated) and partly to variation in the st

...notochordal vacuoles, the matrix of cartilage and bone) or inorganic (the skeletal spicules of Eehinoderm larvae, Sponges, and Coelenterata). This increase of ...lusca and Arthropoda, of tendon to bone in Vertebrates, the application of skeletal cells to the notochord.

The following studies on skeletal development are based upon embryos belonging to the collection of Prof. Mal During the early stages of vertebral development the skeletal apparatus of the Various spinal segments is strikingly similar. This is sho

...System]] | [[Book - Comparative Embryology of the Vertebrates 4-15|15. The Skeletal System]] | [[Book - Comparative Embryology of the Vertebrates 4-16|16. The ...chyme which arises from the two splanchnic layers also gives origin to the muscles and connective tissues of the gut and its evaginated structures (fig. 31 lA

...limb axes. The bones within the limbs forms the appendicular skeleton. The skeletal muscle within the limbs is derived from specific [[S#somite|somite]] levels ...by specific regional signals. [[S#somite|Somite]] mesoderm contributes the skeletal muscle within the limbs.

...imitive distribution of the branches of the aorta and of certain important muscles, hence the morphological features of the pharynx have a profound influence ...ajority of vertebrates there is developed around the notochord a series of skeletal elements which we know as vertebra?, and which make a new structural axis i

...the face, and many other regions which include but are not limited to the skeletal system and the gastrointestinal system. ...ning-up''' of the cleft site. <ref>Delaire J. The potential role of facial muscles in monitoring maxillary growth and morphogenesis. In: DS Carlson, McNamara

...o minute or from hour to hour, in feeding, digesting, respiring, using its muscles, nerves, glands and so on. These processes of physiological functioning may ...nd (iii) the mesoderm, which lies between the other two, and will form the muscles, skeleton, etc. The foldings by which these layers are brought into the cor

...of the parietal layer give rise to scleroblastema, from which some of the skeletal apparatus and connective tissues of the trunk and limbs are derived. The d ...the upper part of the face. The transformation of mesoderm into definitive skeletal structures is more direct in the cranial than in the spinal region. The for

...way from its neighbor, the attached tendons will become separated from the muscles at the root of the tail and appear as thin glistening threads. These are ea ...w considerably longer and develop many nuclei (voluntary skeletal and skin muscles).