Granulosa cell: Difference between revisions

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Embryology - 26 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate
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Introduction

Oocyte and developing granolas cell layer

Surrounding the oocyte as it develops within the ovary follicle are multiple layers of granulosa cells that are bound to the thick specialised extracellular matrix, the zona pellucida. Following release of the oocyte at ovulation, these cells form the granolas layer.

Granulosa cells can also have specific names depending upon location within the ovarian follicle: cumulus oophrous (Latin, cumulus = a little mound; Greek, oo= egg, phorus=carrying) granulosa cells directly around the zone pellucida and released with the oocyte; membrana granulosa granulosa cells forming the layer within the follicle antral wall; discus proligerus can refer to the attachment between cumulus oophrous and membrane granulosa.

In human development, during the first week of development following fertilization the granolas cell layer and zona pellucida remains surrounding the blastocyst from which it "hatches" to commence implantation.

Historic Embryology - Fertilization
1910 Fertilization \| 1919 Human Ovum \| 1921 The Ovum \| 1927 First polar body \| 1929 Oocyte Size \| 1943 Fertilization \| 1944 In vitro fertilization \| 1948 In vitro fertilization

Some Recent Findings

Mouse germinal vesicle with granulosa layer^[1]

Transcriptomic Diversification of Developing Cumulus and Mural Granulosa Cells in Mouse Ovarian Follicles^[2] "Cumulus cells and mural granulosa cells (MGCs) have functionally distinct roles in antral follicles, and comparison of their transcriptomes at a global and systems level can propel future studies on mechanisms underlying their functional diversity. These cells were isolated from small and large antral follicles before and after stimulation of immature mice with gonadotropins, respectively. Both cell types underwent dramatic transcriptomic changes and differences between them increased with follicular growth. Although cumulus cells of both stages of follicular development are competent to undergo expansion in vitro, they were otherwise remarkably dissimilar with transcriptomic changes quantitatively equivalent to those of MGCs. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that cumulus cells of small follicles were enriched in transcripts generally associated with catalytic components of metabolic processes, while those from large follicles were involved in regulation of metabolism, cell differentiation, and adhesion. Contrast of cumulus cells versus MGCs revealed that cumulus cells were enriched in transcripts associated with metabolism and cell proliferation while MGCs were enriched for transcripts involved in cell signaling and differentiation. In-vitro and in-vivo models were used to test the hypothesis that higher levels of transcripts in cumulus cells versus MGCs is the result of stimulation by oocyte-derived paracrine factors (ODPFs). Surprisingly ~48% of transcripts higher in cumulus cells than MGCs were not stimulated by ODPFs. Those stimulated by ODPFs were mainly associated with cell division, mRNA processing, or the catalytic pathways of metabolism, while those not stimulated by ODPFs were associated with regulatory processes such as signaling, transcription, phosphorylation, or the regulation of metabolism."

More recent papers
This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link. This search now requires a manual link as the original PubMed extension has been disabled. The displayed list of references do not reflect any editorial selection of material based on content or relevance. References also appear on this list based upon the date of the actual page viewing. References listed on the rest of the content page and the associated discussion page (listed under the publication year sub-headings) do include some editorial selection based upon both relevance and availability. More? References \| Discussion Page \| Journal Searches \| 2019 References \| 2020 References Search term: Granulosa cell development <pubmed limit=5>Granulosa cell development</pubmed>

Follicle Granulosa Cells

Granulosa cells can also have specific names depending upon location within the follicle.

cumulus oophrous (Latin, cumulus = a little mound; Greek, oo= egg, phorus=carrying) granulosa cells directly around the zone pellucida and released with the oocyte.
membrana granulosa granulosa cells forming the layer within the follicle antral wall.
discus proligerus can refer to the attachment between cumulus oophrous and membrane granolas.

Mouse Granulosa Cells

Oocyte and zona pellucida
Oocyte and granulosa cells
Oocyte and granulosa cells
Oocyte and granulosa cells

Terms

acrosome reaction - The chemical change within the spermatozoa following binding to the zona pellucida, that leads to the release of acrosomal enzymatic contents. These enzymes degrade the zona pellucida and allow a spermatozoa to penetrate an oocyte.
granulosa cell - A specific cell type that proliferates in association with the oocyte within the developing follicles of the ovary. These cells form the follicle stratum granulosa and are also given specific names based upon their position within the follicle. In the antral follicle, membrana granulosa sits on the follicular basal lamina and lines the antrum as a stratified epithelium. The cumulus oophorus is a column of granulosa cells that attaches the oocyte to the follicle wall. The corona radiata are the granulosa cells that directly surround the oocyte, and are released along with it at ovulation. Following ovulation the corona radiata provide physical protection to the oocyte and granulosa cells within the ovulating follicle contribute to corpus luteum.

References

↑ <pubmed>25144310</pubmed>| PLoS One.
↑ <pubmed>25376232</pubmed>

Reviews

Articles

Bookshelf

MBoC Figure 20-21. The zona pellucida

Search NCBI Bookshelf zona pellucida | acrosome reaction

Search Pubmed

July 2010 "zona pellucida" All (4801) Review (582) Free Full Text (1408)

Search Images: zona pellucida

Additional Images

Mouse oocyte and zona pellucida - light and TEM
Mouse oocyte and zona pellucida TEM
Cat oocyte zona pellucida SEM
Cat oocyte zona pellucida SEM
Cat oocyte zona pellucida spermatozoa bound SEM
Hamster oocyte zona pellucida SEM
Pig ZPC deposition in oocyte-cumulus complexes
Historic - From a section of the ovary of a 12-year old girl

External Links

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Glossary Links

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 26) Embryology Granulosa cell. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Granulosa_cell

What Links Here?

[PMID25144310-1] <pubmed>25144310</pubmed>| PLoS One.

[PMID25376232-2] <pubmed>25376232</pubmed>

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
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-* '''A single domain of the ZP2 zona pellucida protein mediates gamete recognition in mice and humans'''<ref name=PMID24934154><pubmed>21074836</pubmed></ref>
+* '''Transcriptomic Diversification of Developing Cumulus and Mural Granulosa Cells in Mouse Ovarian Follicles'''<ref name=PMID25376232><pubmed>25376232</pubmed></ref> "Cumulus cells and mural granulosa cells (MGCs) have functionally distinct roles in antral follicles, and comparison of their transcriptomes at a global and systems level can propel future studies on mechanisms underlying their functional diversity. These cells were isolated from small and large antral follicles before and after stimulation of immature mice with gonadotropins, respectively. Both cell types underwent dramatic transcriptomic changes and differences between them increased with follicular growth. Although cumulus cells of both stages of follicular development are competent to undergo expansion in vitro, they were otherwise remarkably dissimilar with transcriptomic changes quantitatively equivalent to those of MGCs. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that cumulus cells of small follicles were enriched in transcripts generally associated with catalytic components of metabolic processes, while those from large follicles were involved in regulation of metabolism, cell differentiation, and adhesion. Contrast of cumulus cells versus MGCs revealed that cumulus cells were enriched in transcripts associated with metabolism and cell proliferation while MGCs were enriched for transcripts involved in cell signaling and differentiation. In-vitro and in-vivo models were used to test the hypothesis that higher levels of transcripts in cumulus cells versus MGCs is the result of stimulation by oocyte-derived paracrine factors (ODPFs). Surprisingly ~48% of transcripts higher in cumulus cells than MGCs were not stimulated by ODPFs. Those stimulated by ODPFs were mainly associated with cell division, mRNA processing, or the catalytic pathways of metabolism, while those not stimulated by ODPFs were associated with regulatory processes such as signaling, transcription, phosphorylation, or the regulation of metabolism."
 |}