Endocrine - Thymus Development: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 01:51, 10 October 2010
Introduction
The thymus has two origins for the lymphoid thymocytes and the thymic epithelial cells. The thymic epithelium begins as two flask-shape endodermal diverticula that form from the third pharyngeal pouch and extend lateralward and backward into the surrounding mesoderm and neural crest-derived mesenchyme in front of the ventral aorta. The immune system T cells are essential for responses against infections and much research concerns the postnatal development of T cells within the thymus.
| Lecture - Head Development | original page
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Some Recent Findings
- Decision checkpoints in the thymus[1]"The development of T cells in the thymus involves several differentiation and proliferation events, during which hematopoietic precursors give rise to T cells ready to respond to antigen stimulation and undergo effector differentiation."
Thymus Development
- Endoderm - third pharyngeal pouch
- Week 6 - diverticulum elongates, hollow then solid, ventral cell proliferation
- Thymic primordia - surrounded by neural crest mesenchyme, epithelia/mesenchyme interaction
- Thymus - bone-marrow lymphocyte precursors become thymocytes, and subsequently mature into T lymphocytes (T cells)
- Thymus hormones - thymosins stimulate the development and differentiation of T lymphocytes
B2 Pharyngeal Arch Pouches 3 and 4 (stage 13) | D1 Developing Human Thymus (stage 22) |
Thymus Involution
A postnatal process defined as a decrease in the size, weight and activity of the gland with advancing age. In a recent review[2], thymic involution was described as a result of high levels of circulating sex hormones, in particular during puberty, and a lower population of precursor cells from the bone marrow and finally changes in the thymic microenvironment.
References
Reviews
<pubmed>18304000</pubmed> <pubmed>17876091</pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>17625108</pubmed>
Search PubMed
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- Endocrine Development - All (14277) Review (4620) Free Full Text (3140)
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 21) Embryology Endocrine - Thymus Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Endocrine_-_Thymus_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G