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Lab Attendance
--Z3460352 (talk) 13:45, 7 August 2015 (AEST)
Week 1 Lab Assessment
Chromosomal Development in relation to Blastocyst Morphology
Figueira, Setti, Braga, Laconelli and Borges aimed to decipher the link between embryo morphology and chromosomal development in the early days of fertilisation. Specifically, the study focused on the structure of chromosomes within the embryo at day three of development.
For the purpose of the experiment, Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) cycles were run 106 times, before a genetic screening test was completed (PGS, Pre-Implantation Genetic aneuploidy Screening). This presented 596 embryos for use. Embryonic growth was monitored closely and the genetic composition of each cell was analysed. Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation (FISH) was used to analyse the complementary sequences of DNA within the embryos; 200 of the 564 tagged had developed into blastocysts.
Approximately 59% of the blastocysts were euploid (having an even set of chromosomes), whereas a lesser proportion of embryos that had not become blastocysts were euploid (41.2%). Furthermore, abnormalities in blastocyst development were observed, finding that if an embryo was an euploid, it would most likely have a normal inner cell mass (ICM). In contrast, aneuploid embryos (those with an abnormal set of chromosomes, generally 45 or 47) were found to be those with abnormal ICMs. A similar conclusion was found in the observation of trophectoderm morphology in that euploid embryos had a ‘normal’ cell distribution, whereas aneuploids did not.
Based on these findings, the study concluded that embryo development is not hindered by genetic abnormalities in the early stages of development. However, ICM morphology presents a stronger link to chromosomal abnormalities as the majority of aneuploidy embryos had irregular ICMs. Although this study presented clear links between embryonic development and genetic abnormalities, further studies could be conducted to strengthen these connections.
PMID 26246880
Reference [1]
In Vitro Fertilisation in women with, and without Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
This study, completed by Siristatidis, Sergentanis, Vogiatzi, Kanavidis, Chrelias, Papantonious and Psaltopoulou, was aimed at evaluating the outcomes of In Vitro Maturation (IVM) in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) versus women without PCOS, undergoing In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF). Past studies were utilised by the researchers for comparison, and were kept strictly to human experiments (not animals). Possible IVF outcomes across these studies were compared, including implantation, clinical pregnancy, cycle cancellation, oocyte maturation, oocyte fertilisation, live birth or miscarriage, in both PCOS and non-PCOS individuals.
Due to the fact that the sources collected in this study were qualitative in nature, the researchers employed the Newcastle Ottawa Quality scale. This is a nine item scale used to analyse the experiments of interest, and to organise them into order of reliability. Additionally, confidence interval and statistical analysis schemes (using 95% confidence intervals and STATA Software, respectively) were developed to further evaluate the pattern of live births and clinical pregnancies. A total of eleven studies were examined; 268 PCOS, 100 PCO and 440 control patients were involved.
It was found that when PCOS patients were administered with both follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and hCG, a higher rate of clinical pregnancies was observed.
The experiments were divided into two groups; a cycle study and a women's study. In the cycle study, live birth rates did not differ greatly between the PCOS and non-PCOS groups, whereas in the women’s experiment, the birth rate for PCOS patients was slightly higher. When comparing the cycle and women’s experiment, once again PCOS patients presented greater birth and implantation rates. PCOS patients only presented lower rates than non-PCOS individuals in the fertilisation and cancellation studies. In contrast, In terms of miscarriages, the rates were consistent across all three groups.
This study is significant in that collated a range of data, comparing their reliability and findings. Generally, it was found that more recent studies were of greater reliability, and therefore presented a higher score on the Newcastle Ottawa Quality scale. Siristatidis et al. came to the conclusion that IVM has a greater, positive impact on the birth rate of PCOS women, in comparison to non-PCOS patients.
PMID 26241855
Reference [2]
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