User:Z3292373

The Completer Finisher is a perfectionist and will often go the extra mile to make sure everything is "just right," and the things he or she delivers can be trusted to have been double-checked and then checked again. The Completer Finisher has a strong inward sense of the need for accuracy, and sets his or her own high standards rather than working on the encouragement of others. They may frustrate their teammates by worrying excessively about minor details and by refusing to delegate tasks that they do not trust anyone else to perform.

I had no idea that Oocytes and spermatozoa were not matured at the time of release, for no reason at all i assumed that it was bucket science and the two just needed mixing and "let them do their thing". Which is ridicules now that i think about it.

Lab 1

A summery of two recent research articles on fertility or fertilization.

Article One:Degradation of Paternal Mitochondria by Fertilization-Triggered Autophagy in C.elegans Embryos

Miyuki Sato,Ken Sato

Using C.elegans as a model organism this paper investigates the possible mechanisms in which paternal mitochondria might be removed from the Oocyte after fertilisation. Initially mitochondria from the spermatozoa were track through embriogenisis via marking with MitoTracker red (MT) and Heat Shock Green Fluorescence Protein (HS-GFP). This initial tracking showed paternal mitochondria entering the cell at fertilisation and being randomly inherited by blastomeres through to the 4 cell stage then clearing by the 16 cell stage.

To establish a link between this pattern and autophagy, autophagisomes with GFP marked homologue of a protein in their membrane (LGG-1) were fertilised. These autophagisomes were built up around the pronuclear paternal DNA (C.eleigans spermatazoa have their mitochondria distributed around the head of the gamete and posses no tail) and then dispersed around the cytoplasm as the blastocyst developed. Like the paternal mitochondria the autophagisomes then cleared by the 16 cell stage as well as appearing sparadicaly in places related with regular development.

Further fertilisation with mutant sperm line spe-9, that cannot produce the proteins for normal fertilisation, did not produce the initial induction of autophagy. Whilst insertion of sperm line spe-11, that cannot fertilise but permit embryogenesis but show the same patterning of auto phagisomes around the paternal pronuclei. This suggested that induction of autophagy is based on the entry of paternal proteins. By arresting the Oocyte in metaphase 1 by emb-27(RNAi) it was also shown that the induction happens independent of progress into anaphase 1.

Confirmation of the role of autophagy in the removal of paternal mitochondria was done by the use of mutants with compromised autophagy regulators. Gamete mutants lgg-1(tm3489) that could not produce the autophagicyte membrane could proceed through fertilisation at a reduced capacity however could not progress past the L1 larval stage. In these matings the paternal mitochondria persisted past the 16 cell stage. In contrast if mutant Oocytes were mated with wild type spermatozoa then paternal mitochondria would be present until the Lima Bean stage and then cleared. Spermatozoa that contained the same lgg-1 mutation however had no change to the regular clearing of paternal mitochondria when mated with wildtype oocytes. This suggested that the maternal autophagocytes were the main contributors to paternal mitochondrial clearing. However paternal lgg-1 expression could, at a reduced capacity, compensate for compromised maternal autophagy.

Atricle Two: Developmental potential of zona pellucida–free oocytes obtained following mild in vitro fertilization

Satoshi Ueno et al.

In this research, from a Japanese fertility clinic normal oocyte and zona free (ZF) oocytes where taken from the same patient in the same collection cycle. The ZF oocytes did not have an intrinsic absence but breakages of the zona palucida through which the oocyct was protruding. The oocyte was retrieved from the extrusion. These were then fertilised via intracytoplasmic sperm injection, cultured and followed through cleavage and blastocyst formation.

A comparison of the blastocyst formation from successfully fertilised ZF and normal oocytes showed no statistical difference in viability. The same was found of thoughs ZF derived blasticysts that were carried to full term.

Lab 2

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Lab Attendance

--Z3292373 (talk) 13:45, 7 August 2015 (AEST)

Notes

Test student 2015